scholarly journals Summer pruning of sweet cherry trees and an inquiry of winter frost damages

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4-5) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Vaszily ◽  
I. Gonda ◽  
M. Soltész
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Plastic Foil ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Spring Frosts

One of the most demanded research projects is the intensification of fruit production. The use of dwarfing stocks is a moderate solution as their effect is scarcely satisfactory. Climatic conditions of Hungary are continental in Eastern Europe, where Atlantic and Mediterranean effects are interacting with the continentals in a kind of basin with characters of its own. Capricious meteorological episodes are often disturbing the security of development and fruiting of trees:• winter frosts are damaging the cambium and fruiting structures of trees• late spring frosts destroy cambium and flowers• early autumn frosts hurt the leaves• excessive precipitation impairs the growing fruits• drought periods during the summer caused water stress disturbing water husbandry. Vigorous stocks still prevail in the practice, and they ought to withstand challenges of weather hazards. The strong vigour of plants delaysthe process of senescence and the tendency of getting bald, and regeneration of plants is a sign of vitality. In present research, the trees have been trained on vigorous Prunus mahaleb stocks. Summer pruning was one of the important tools of intensive growing techniques. They were compared with traditional techniques and with plastic foil protected trees observing the vegetative as well as generative growth of them.

Second International scientific conference «Vegetation of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia» (Bryansk, 12­–13 October 2020)

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
V. V. Neshataev ◽  
D. D. Karsonova ◽  
A. A. Kurka
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Vegetation Classification ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
State University ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Oral Presentations ◽  
Made In ◽  
Second International

On October 12th and 13th, 2020, Bryansk State University held an international scientific online conference "Vegetation of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia". The Proceedings of abstracts includes 66 reports by 118 authors and co-authors from 5 countries, 34 localities and 51 organizations. During the meeting, 41 oral presentations were made. In conclusion, it was noted that it is necessary to promote an integration of geobotanists and florists from different regions in order to implement joint research projects. In particular, this concerns a project of making a vegetation classification in Russia.

scholarly journals Variability of Old Sweet Cherries Found in Slovak Regions and Their Preservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
Michaela Benková ◽  
Iveta Čičová ◽  
Daniela Benedikova ◽  
Lubomir Mendel ◽  
Miroslav Glasa
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Abstract The work is focused on the evaluation of variability of morphological and pomological characteristics of several old sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) that were found in different Slovak regions. The experimental work has been performed during two years, 2014 and 2015. The following characteristics according to the descriptor list of subgenus Cerasus were evaluated - period of flowering and ripening, morphological characteristics of the flowers, fruit size, fruit weight, and quality parameters. The results showed high variability of evaluated accessions. From the 13 surveyed localities, the most valuable accessions were found in the locality Hornį Streda - places Čachtice, Krakovany, Nitra, and Brdárka. During the collecting expeditions, 170 accessions of sweet cherry, with fruit of the different quality were found. The most interesting accessions were grafted onto rootstocks with different intensity of growth (Prunus avium L., Prunus mahaleb L., and ‘Gisela5’). Some of the selected cherry accessions can be used for commercial growing after tests, while some of them can be used only for collection of genetic resources and as potential genitors in breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Influence of rootstock on the quality of sweet cherry fruits in the conditions of the Lower Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012063
Author(s):  
OA Nikolskay ◽  
A V Solonkin ◽  
E N Kikteva
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Fruit Plantations

Abstract Sweet cherry is a thermophilic and whimsical crop that reacts painfully to unfavorable meteorological conditions, such as frost, drought or high humidity in the air and soil. At the same time, this crop requires a uniform supply of heat and moisture during the growing season. In the climatic conditions of the Volgograd region, stressful situations often arise that can partially or completely reduce the yield of fruit crops, especially those introduced to our region from other regions. To reduce the risk of losing the yield of fruit plantations, including sweet cherry, it is necessary to pay special attention to the choice of the variety, as well as the rootstock on which this variety is grafted. The publication presents the results of studying the influence of rootstocks on the qualitative and quantitative indicators of sweet cherry fruits, such as taste, weight, uniformity, color, and productivity. According to the results of the study in the field (in the garden), varietal-rootstock combinations were identified that have one-dimensional, crack-resistant, large fruits, while maintaining high and stable productivity. According to the results of research, it was found that the rootstock affects not only the strength of growth and the shape of the crown, but also the quality of the fruit. The most dependent of the studied varieties on the type of rootstock is Euphoria, the lowest weight of berries was observed on the rootstock VSL-1. At the same time, this rootstock has a higher percentage of resistance to cracking of the fruit. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that with the help of rootstock, it becomes possible to influence the quality indicators of fruits.

scholarly journals Investigation of stem anatomy in relation to hydraulic conductance, vegetative growth and yielding potential of ‘Summit’ cherry trees grafted on different rootstock candidates

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijana Narandžić ◽  
Mirjana Ljubojević ◽  
Jovana Ostojić ◽  
Goran Barać ◽  
Vladislav Ognjanov
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Cherry Trees

Abstract Severe climate alterations that seriously challenge fruit production, combined with the demand for healthy, pesticide-free fruits, continuously direct rootstock/cultivar selection towards high adaptable varieties breeding. This study aimed to investigate the rootstocks’ influence on the performance of grafted ‘Summit’ cherry trees, including potentially dwarfing Prunus cerasus, Prunus fruticosa and Prunus mahaleb rootstock candidates. Anatomical properties of rootstock and scion stems were investigated to determine variation among different rootstocks and scion-rootstock combinations and to establish the link between trunk hydraulic conductivity, effective tree crown volume and yielding potential. Cross-section anatomical characteristics varied significantly both in rootstock and scion stems, indicating a clear influence of rootstock genotype on grafted sweet cherry trees. It was observed that all investigated cherry rootstock candidates belong to the low-vigorous rootstocks, based on the estimated effective crown volume of grafted trees compared to ‘Gisela 5’, with values ranging from 0.86 to 2.97 m3 in the fifth year after planting. Results showed a statistically significant positive correlation between trunk hydraulic conductivity, effective tree crown volume and yielding potential, with correlation coefficients up to 0.96. Significantly higher effective crown volume and trunk hydraulic conductance of trees grafted on P. cerasus compared to the trees on control, as well as highest yielding potential, showed better adaptation of these rootstock candidates in the trial without irrigation implemented. It was found that PC_05_04 rootstock candidate could be considered as the most appropriate choice when raising the high-density sweet cherry plantations, due to assessed parameters of vegetative and generative growth.

scholarly journals Identification of S-genotypes of sweet cherry cultivars from Central and Eastern Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lisek ◽  
E. Rozpara ◽  
A. Głowacka ◽  
D. Kucharska ◽  
M. Zawadzka
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

scholarly journals Rainfall, Fruiting Phenology, and the Nesting Season of White-Crowned Pigeons in the Upper Florida Keys

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Thomas Bancroft ◽  
Reed Bowman ◽  
Richard J. Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Large Peak ◽  
Nesting Patterns ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Nesting Season

AbstractWhite-crowned Pigeons (Columba leucocephala) varied their timing of breeding and nesting intensity in response to variation in production of the four most important fruit species in their breeding-season diet in the upper Florida Keys. From 1988 through 1990, we monitored fruit production year-round in five habitats in which pigeons foraged and monitored all pigeon nests along two transects on Middle Butternut Key. Annually, pigeon breeding was positively correlated with summer rains and with the peak in overall fruit production. However, within the breeding season, only the availability of Metopium toxiferum was positively correlated with rainfall and the number of new clutches initiated. Both the timing and magnitude of breeding varied annually. In 1988, when Metopium was more available, more pigeons nested, the nesting season started earlier and lasted longer, and a large peak in nesting occurred when Metopium fruit ripened. During 1989 and 1990, when the relative availability of Metopium was lower, fewer pigeons nested, the nesting season was shorter, and the seasonal peak in nesting associated with Metopium fruit was reduced or absent. Nesting patterns did not appear to vary with changes in the relative availability of other fruits. White-crowned Pigeons appear to prefer Metopium fruits to other species. Because pigeons do not supplement nestling diets with arthropods, but augment their diets with protein-rich crop milk, they may depend on lipid-rich fruits such as Metopium to provide the energy for breeding and crop-milk production. Metopium fruit production may be influenced by rainfall and climatic conditions, both of which may vary spatially within the range of White-crowned Pigeons in Florida. Evidence that pigeons shift foraging sites when Metopium availability varies emphasizes the need to preserve large tracts of seasonal deciduous forest in the Keys and to protect Metopium trees in suburban areas where they are removed because they cause contact dermatitis in humans.

Rapport des sexes, effort et succès de reproduction chez Rubus chamaemorus, plante herbacée vivace dioïque de distribution subarctique

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2628-2639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Dumas ◽  
Lucie Maillette
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Pollinator Behaviour ◽  
Rubus Chamaemorus

Studies published on the reproductive success of dioecious species concentrate on the role of sex ratios and pollinator behaviour. In the case of Rubus chamaemorus L., a circumboreal dioecious species, we hypothesized that flower survival and biomass allocation to reproductive tissues, which are climate dependent, also influence fruit production. Only 0.05% of total biomass is allocated to reproduction, whereas 94% goes to underground organs responsible for vegetative propagation. Many male (28 – 51%) and female flower buds (35 – 54%) and young fruits (24–51%) die prematurely mainly because of the climate; fruit production then becomes independent from initial female flower density. The scarcity of female flowers at most sites (except near open water) limits fruit production. The limited sexual reproduction would allow cloudberry to maintain somatic resources, thereby increasing the longevity of individuals and their chance of encountering the climatic conditions required for reproductive success. Such a strategy is adaptive in a variable climate like that of the subarctic. Furthermore, the reduced importance of sexual reproduction would diminish the need to optimize sex ratios. Other selective pressures (e.g., competition) would then favour male clones in most sites, in spite of the unproductive pollen excess.

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