scholarly journals Digging Date and Conservational Tillage Influence on Peanut Production1

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Wright ◽  
D. M. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Total Meat

Abstract The influence of conservational tillage and date of digging on pod yield, crop value, and grade factors were evaluated as a means to increase the production efficiency of peanuts. Two conservational tillage systems, in-row and band tillage, and one conventional tillage system were compared over 3 yr. The Florigiant cultivar was planted in immature wheat killed with glyphosate (Roundup) or clean tilled soil. Peanuts were dug 8 to 11 d before and after the medium (normal) digging date of 141 DAP. Pod yields averaged 19% less and crop values averaged 25% less for the conservational tillage systems as compared to the conventional tillage system. Digging 8 to 11 d early reduced yield 15% and value 21%; whereas, digging 8 to 9 d late reduced yield 6% and value 5% as compared to the medium digging date. The early digging date significantly decreased the grade factors of extra-large kernels (ELK), sound mature kernels (SMK), and total meat content (TM). Tillage systems did not have a consistent effect on grade factors over the 3-yr period. Results from this study indicate that yield and value for the Florigiant cultivar were significantly less under conservational tillage as compared to conventional tillage.

Conservational Tillage and Cultivar Influence on Peanut Production1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Wright ◽  
D. M. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Total Meat ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The influence of conservational tillage and cultivar on pod yield, crop value, and market grade factors was evaluated as a means to increase the production efficiency of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Two conservational tillage systems, in-row and band tillage, and one conventional tillage system were compared over a 4-yr period using the cultivars Florigiant, NC 6, and VA 81B. For all three cultivars, pod yields averaged 15% less and crop values averaged 21% less under the conservational tillage systems as compared to the conventional tillage system. The cultivar NC 6 performed slightly better than Florigiant and VA 81B. The percentage of extra large kernels for NC 6 was significantly higher than for the other two cultivars. There were no significant differences in the percentage of sound mature kernels and total meat content between the three cultivars. Tillage systems did not have a consistent effect on grade factors over the 4-yr period.

scholarly journals Intercepted solar radiation by maize crops subjected to different tillage systems and water availability levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1331-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homero Bergamaschi ◽  
Genei Antonio Dalmago ◽  
João Ito Bergonci ◽  
Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi Krüger ◽  
Bruna Maria Machado Heckler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Crop Cycle

The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) interception efficiency and PPFD extinction coefficient for maize crop subjected to different soil tillage systems and water availability levels. Crops were subjected to no-tillage and conventional tillage systems combined with full irrigation and non-irrigation treatments. Continuous measurements of transmitted PPFD on the soil surface and incoming PPFD over the canopy were taken throughout the crop cycle. Leaf area index and soil water potential were also measured during the whole period. Considering a mean value over the maize cycle, intercepted PPFD was higher in the conventional tillage than in the no-tillage system. During the initial stages of plants, intercepted PPFD in the conventional tillage was double the PPFD interception in the no-tillage treatment. However, those differences were reduced up to the maximum leaf area index, close to tasseling stage. The lowest interception of PPFD occurred in the conventional tillage during the reproductive period, as leaf senescence progressed. Over the entire crop cycle, the interception of PPFD by the non-irrigated plants was about 20% lower than by the irrigated plants. The no-tillage system reduced the extinction coefficient for PPFD, which may have allowed a higher penetration of solar radiation into the canopy

Weed seedbank response to crop rotation and tillage in semiarid agroecosystems

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dorado ◽  
J. P. Del Monte ◽  
C. López-Fando
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In a semiarid Mediterranean site in central Spain, field experiments were conducted on a Calcic Haploxeralf (noncalcic brown soil), which had been managed with three crop rotations and two tillage systems (no-tillage and conventional tillage) since 1987. The crop rotations consisted of barley→vetch, barley→sunflower, and a barley monoculture. The study took place in two growing seasons (1992–1994) to assess the effects of management practices on the weed seedbank. During this period, spring weed control was not carried out in winter crops. In the no-tillage system, there was a significant increase in the number of seeds of different weed species: anacyclus, common purslane, corn poppy, knotted hedge-parsley, mouse-ear cress, spring whitlowgrass, tumble pigweed, venus-comb, andVeronica triphyllos.Conversely, the presence of prostrate knotweed and wild radish was highest in plots under conventional tillage. These results suggest large differences in the weed seedbank as a consequence of different soil conditions among tillage systems, but also the necessity of spring weed control when a no-tillage system is used. With regard to crop rotations, the number of seeds of knotted hedge-parsley, mouse-ear cress, and spring whitlowgrass was greater in the plots under the barley→vetch rotation. Common lambsquarters dominated in the plots under the barley→sunflower rotation, whereas venus-comb was the most frequent weed in the barley monoculture. Larger and more diverse weed populations developed in the barley→vetch rotation rather than in the barley→sunflower rotation or the barley monoculture.

EFFECT OF REDUCED TILLAGE AND MINERAL FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON MAIZE AND SOYBEAN PRODUCTIVITY

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KIHARA ◽  
A. BATIONO ◽  
B. WASWA ◽  
J. M. KIMETU ◽  
B. VANLAUWE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Continuous Maize

SUMMARYReduced tillage is said to be one of the potential ways to reverse land degradation and ultimately increase the productivity of degrading soils of Africa. We hypothesised that crop yield following a modest application of 2 t ha−1 of crop residue in a reduced tillage system is similar to the yield obtained from a conventional tillage system, and that incorporation of legumes in a cropping system leads to greater economic benefits as opposed to a cropping system involving continuous maize. Three cropping systems (continuous maize monocropping, legume/maize intercropping and rotation) under different tillage and residue management systems were tested in sub-humid western Kenya over 10 seasons. While soybean performed equally well in both tillage systems throughout, maize yield was lower in reduced than conventional tillage during the first five seasons but no significant differences were observed after season 6. Likewise, with crop residue application, yields in conventional and reduced tillage systems are comparable after season 6. Nitrogen and phosphorus increased yield by up to 100% compared with control. Gross margins were not significantly different among the cropping systems being only 6 to 39% more in the legume–cereal systems relative to similar treatments in continuous cereal monocropping system. After 10 seasons of reduced tillage production, the economic benefits for our cropping systems are still not attractive for a switch from the conventional to reduced tillage.

Effect of tillage system and crop sequence on irrigated sugarbeet production

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
J. Nitschelm ◽  
P. Regitnig ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
H. C. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.) are grown on intensively tilled-irrigated land in southern Alberta, which is subject to soil erosion by wind. Experiments were conducted on commercial fields near Burdett, AB, to determine the effect of the tillage system and previous crops on sugarbeet production. The previous crops were dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) and the tillage systems were conventional (moldboard plow, vibrashank cultivator, harrow, packer), minimum (double disc, self-cleaning harrow, glyphosate) or no tillage (glyphosate). After dry beans, sugarbeet fresh weight and extractable sugar yields were similar with all tillage systems. All of the tillage systems left less than 100 g m-2 of plant residue on the soil surface in the spring following dry beans, which is insufficient to protect the soil from wind erosion. After wheat, sugarbeet yields were similar with minimum and conventional tillage but lower with no tillage. Both minimum and no-tillage systems left sufficient plant residue on the soil surface to protect the soil from erosion (> 200 g m-2). Sugarbeet stand density following wheat was lower with no tillage than conventional or minimum tillage, reflecting poor seed placement and daily maximum soil temperature (5 cm depth) of up to 10°C lower under no tillage than conventional tillage. After wheat, there was a trend toward lower densities of hard-seeded annuals, such as redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), after no tillage than conventional tillage. Of the cropping systems tested in this study, only the minimum tillage system after wheat provided optimum sugarbeet yield and left enough plant residue to protect the soil from wind erosion. Key words: Crop rotation, bean, wheat, sugarbeet, no-tillage

Cattle manure as a nutrient source for barley and oilseed crops in zero and conventional tillage systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Stevenson ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
S. A. Brandt ◽  
L. Townley-Smith
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System

Manure application should be equally effective in meeting crop nutrient requirements in zero and conventional tillage systems in order to be sustainable in a semi-arid region. A study was conducted from 1993 to 1996 at Scott and Melfort, Saskatchewan, to determine if feedlot cattle manure and inorganic N fertilizer were equally effective as nutrient sources for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), canola (Brassica rapa L.) and flax (Linum usitatissumum L.) production, and soil N dynamics, in zero and conventional tillage systems. Inorganic fertilizer was compared with a factorial combination of two manure treatments: manure composition (fresh versus stockpiled), and application rate and frequency (annual versus once every four years). Barley and oilseed yields at Scott did not differ between fertilizer and manure treatments, whether manure was applied annually or once every 4 yr. At Melfort, the site with the highest yield potential, grain yields were 24% lower with manure. This yield reduction could be related to soil N availability; net N mineralization was 37 kg ha−1 lower in plots that received manure rather than inorganic fertilizer. Yield responses to the different types of manure and inorganic fertilizer were similar under zero-till and conventional tillage management. Low levels of N volatilization from the manure, and similar levels of net N mineralization, explained why crop responses to nutrient source did not differ with tillage system. Feedlot cattle manure can be applied as a nutrient source when surface applied in a zero-till system without significant yield reductions compared with soil incorporation in a conventional tillage system. Key words: Cattle manure, tillage, zero-till, barley, canola, flax

Impact of Agronomic Practices on Weed Communities: Fallow Within Tillage Systems

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Derksen ◽  
A. Gordon Thomas ◽  
Guy P. Lafond ◽  
Heather A. Loeppky ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Tillage System

Continuous-cropping conservation tillage systems may provide a viable alternative to the practice of summer fallow; however, concerns have been raised regarding potentially negative changes in weed communities in continuous cropping. Field experiments were established in Saskatchewan at three locations to determine the nature of weed community differences between a crop sequence with and without fallow in zero-, minimum-, and conventional-tillage systems from 1986 to 1990. Weed communities in continuous-cropping treatments tended to have greater total densities and were more similar in composition than crop-fallow treatments. Inclusion or exclusion of fallow within the rotation had a greater impact on weed community composition than did tillage system at Ituna and Waldron, but the reverse was true at Tadmore due to poor crop growth in all tillage systems. Differences in weed community composition were generally characterized by fluctuational changes in species associations. Volunteers of summer-annual crops, such as canola, flax, and barley, were associated with continuous cropping, but other species including perennial weeds, such as Canada thistle, perennial sowthistle, and quackgrass, were not strongly associated with the presence or absence of fallow. The practice of fallowing land to manage weeds may not be necessary.

Sunflower response to tillage and soil residual nitrogen in a wheat - sunflower rotation under rainfed Mediterranean conditions

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael J. López-Bellido ◽  
Luis López-Bellido ◽  
Juan E. Castillo ◽  
Francisco J. López-Bellido
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Residual N ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions ◽  
Plot Design

A field study was carried out to determine the effects of tillage systems on sunflower yield over 9 years, and the effects of tillage systems and residual N on sunflower yield and yield components over 4 years, in a wheat–sunflower rotation under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. Tillage treatments included no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). Nitrogen fertiliser rates were 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N/ha, applied only to wheat. A split-plot design with 4 replications was used. The weather had a marked influence on sunflower biomass and seed yield. Rainfall over October–May was directly related to seed yield. In contrast, seed oil content was inversely related to mean temperature during the flowering season (June). Sunflower yield displayed no significant reponse to residual N derived from the fertiliser N applied to the preceding wheat crop. The tillage system did not exert a consistent influence on sunflower yield; thus, continuous no-tillage may represent an economically and environmentally viable alternative to conventional tillage for sunflower production under rainfed Mediterranean conditions.

scholarly journals Economics of Maize and Bean Production: Why Farmers need to Shift to Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillary Moses Omondi Otieno ◽  
George N. Chemining’wa ◽  
Charles K. Gachene ◽  
Shamie Zingore
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Fertilizer Regimes ◽  
Residue Retention

Maize and dry bean are the most important food crops that feed over 85% of Kenyan households. However, the productivity of these crops is low due to the high costs of land preparation and weed control, soil infertility and limited soil moisture under the current conventional tillage system of production. A study was carried in Embu County and Kirinyaga County to determine the economic returns of a maize-bean rotation system under different tillage systems and fertilizer regimes. Maize was produced during the long rains under no-till with crop residue retention (NT+CR) and conventional tillage with no crop residue retention (CT-CR) and inorganic fertilizer regimes (NK, NP, PK, NPK, and NPK+CaMgZnBS). Dry bean was planted in the short rains in the same plots where maize under different nutrient management regimes and tillage systems had been grown and harvested. The trial was laid out in a split-plot design with the tillage method as the main plot and fertilizer as sub-plot. Economic performance was assessed using partial budget analysis based on labor data and prices of all inputs used during the production period. Grain yields were reduced by 10% to reflect farmers’ yield levels. Maize and dry bean grains were sold at the prevailing farm gate prices. Results showed that maize-bean rotation was KE 22,718 cheaper under no-till with crop residue retention (NT+CR) than under conventional tillage with no crop residue retention (CT-CR). On average, NT+CR recorded KE 29,569 higher net benefit than CT-CR. The NT+CR tillage recorded a benefit to cost ratio of 3.7 compared to 2.7 recorded under CT-CR tillage system. The NT+CR with NK combined was the most profitable treatment with a benefit to cost ratio of 4.92 for maize and 4.33 for maize-bean rotation system. Based on this research, combination of no-till with crop residue retention has the potential to improve economic status and alleviate poverty among resource-constrained farmers.

scholarly journals Research Concerning the Influence of Soil Tillage Systems on Weeds Control and Corn Hybrids Yield Cultivated in Southeastern Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Claudiu Chițoi ◽  
Costică Ciontu ◽  
Maria Toader
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weeds Control

Abstract The paper presents the yield results obtained in 2017 for the corn crop grown in the soil and climate conditions of Southern Romania (Calarasi county). The purpose of the research was to analyze the behavior and yield of a range of corn hybrids from different FAO groups: DKC 4590 (FAO 350), PP9911 (FAO 410) and Olt (FAO 430) under different soil tillage systems. The conventional tillage system applied was plowing at 20 and 30 cm, while scarifying at 30 and 40 cm and Tiger 3 MT at 20 and 30 cm were used for the minimum tillage system. The average yield of the three hybrids analyzed was 8,130.3 kg/ha in the conventional tillage system (plowing at 20 and 30 cm) with mechanical weeding, while for the conventional tillage system without mechanical weeding the yield was 7,682.2 kg/ha. The minimum tillage variants (scarifying and Tiger 3 MT) recorded an average yield of 6,746.4 kg/ha when mechanical weeding was applied and 6,474.9 kg/ha for the variants without mechanical weeding. Regarding the degree of weeding by tillage system, in the conventional tillage system (plowing at 20 and 30 cm) with mechanical weeding the number of weeds was 4.2 plants/m2 and 9.3 plants/m2 for the variants without mechanical weeding. The minimum tillage variants (scarifying and Tiger 3 MT) recorded 12.8 weeds/m2 when mechanical weeding was applied and 16.2 weeds/m2 for the variants without mechanical weeding.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document