The Effects of Irrigation, Inoculants and Fertilizer Nitrogen on Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). I. Nitrogen Fixation

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Reddy ◽  
J. W. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Different Strains

Abstract Effects of irrigation, inoculants and fertilizer nitrogen (N) on N2(C2H2) fixation in peanuts were studied in 1976 and 1977 at Delhi, Ontario. Inoculant application increased nodulation and N-fixation in both years. Powdered peat and granular formulations containing the same strains of rhizobia resulted in almost the same amounts of nodulation and N-fixation (80 kg/ha on average). Differences in nodulation from inoculants containing different strains of rhizobia were not consistent over the two years. However, 60% difference in N-fixation resulted from the inoculants containing different strains of rhizobia in both years. Nitrogen application decreased the nodule number, nodule dry weight, and N-fixation of all the inoculated peanuts. Irrigation increased the N-fixation of the peanuts treated with granular inoculant in 1976 by an average of 45% and all the inoculated peanuts in 1977 by an average of 54% but had no effect on nodulation in either year.

Inheritance of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Two Peanut Crosses1

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Phillips ◽  
J. C. Wynne ◽  
G. H. Elkan ◽  
T. J. Schneeweis
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Reciprocal Differences

Abstract Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) may be improved by genetically manipulating the host plant. This requires an understanding of the inheritance of the traits involved in nitrogen fixation. The objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance of several N2 fixation-related traits for two peanut crosses based on Mather and Jink's fixation-related traits for two peanut crosses based on Mather and Jink's additive-dominance model, and to determine if epistasis was important in the inheritance of these traits. A generation means analysis usingparents, reciprocal F1s and F2s, and two back-cross generations was conducted for both crosses. Plants of different generations were grown in modified Leonard jars in the greenhouse for about 60 days at which time nodule number and dry weight, shoot dry weight, nitrogenase activity, and specific activity were measured. Means of the traits for the generations from both crosses (Robut 33-1 x NC 4 and Robut 33-1 x Argentine) showed significant differences. Reciprocal differences were found for most traits measured in the cross of Robut 33-1 x Argentine, a cross of Virginia x Spanish botanical types. Lack of fit of the additive-dominance model indicated significant epistasis for inheritance of nodule number, nodule weight, top dry weight, and nitrogenase activity in both crosses. Three types of digenic interactions (additive x additive, additive x dominance and dominance x dominance) were found. The presence of nonadditive genetic effects suggests that early generation selection would be ineffective.

Seed size influences the promoting activity of rhizobia on plant growth, nodulation and N fixation in lima bean

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudyanne do Nascimento Costa ◽  
Jadson Emanuel Lopes Antunes ◽  
João Pedro Alves de Aquino ◽  
Ingrid Sthephanie da Costa Silva ◽  
Angela Celis de Almeida Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Biological N Fixation

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the activity of rhizobia isolates inoculated in large (18 mm) and small (11 mm) seeds on lima bean growth, nodulation and N fixation. Selected rhizobia isolates were compared with a reference strain CIAT899 and two controls without inoculation. Large seeds contributed for highest plant growth, nodulation and N fixation than small seeds. The isolates UFPI-59, UFPI-18 and UFPI-38 promoted the highest values of shoot and root dry weight, respectively. The isolates UFPI-32 promoted the highest values of nodule number, while UFPI-59 promoted the highest values of nodule dry weight. The isolates UFPI-38 and UFPI-59 promoted the highest accumulation of N. This study showed that seed size really influences lima bean growth, nodulation and BNF. Considering rhizobia isolates, UFPI-59, UFPI-38, and UFPI-18 contributed for plant growth, promoted better nodulation and effectiveness on biological N fixation.

scholarly journals Effect of soil interacting herbicides on soybean nodulation in Balcarce, Argentina

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1167-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Gonzalez ◽  
Juan Jose Eyherabide ◽  
Maria Ignacia Barcelonna ◽  
Alfredo Gaspari ◽  
Silvina Sanmartino
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl

Two trials were performed in Balcarce, Argentina (37° 45' LS; 58° 18' LW) during 1993-94, to assess the effect of eight herbicides applied individually or in tank mixtures, on nodule number, nodule dry weight, seed yield and N percent in seed in soybean Asgrow 3205, inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum CB 1809. Individual herbicides and doses in kg ha-1 of a.i. were metribuzin (0.48), acetochlor (0.90), metolachlor (1), flumioxazin (0.075), trifluralin (0.96), imazaquin (0.20), imazethapyr (0.10) and chlorimuron ethyl (0.0125). The mixtures were metribuzin+acetochlor (0.48+0.9), flumioxazin+acetochlor (0.075+0.9), imazaquin+acetochlor (0.2+0.9), metribuzin+metolachlor (0.48+1.92), and flumioxazin+ metolachlor (0.075+1.92). A control treatment without herbicides was included. Both trials were laid out as randomized complete blocks with four replicates, on a loam illitic thermic petrocalcic Paleudoll, 5.7% organic matter (OM), 25% clay, 30.4 cmol kg-1 CEC. Nodules were sampled at V2 (second node), V6 (sixth node) and R5 (beginning seed) growth stages. Herbicides did not significantly affect the beginning of nodulation or nodule number and mass at R5, not either grain yield or N accumulation. This indicates lack of interference between soil interacting herbicides and N fixation in the high organic matter, loam soils of SE Buenos Aires province, even though a tendency in less number and dry weight of nodules was evident at the two latter growth stages.

Effects of Bradyrhizobium strain and host genotype, nodule dry weight and leaf area on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. fastigiata) yield

1993 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diman Van Rossum ◽  
Arthur Muyotcha ◽  
Henk W. Van Verseveld ◽  
Adriaan H. Stouthamer ◽  
Fred C. Boogerd
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Strain ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Quantitative Genetic Aspects of Nitrogen Fixation in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1,2

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Isleib ◽  
J. C. Wynne ◽  
G. H. Elkan ◽  
T. J. Schneeweis
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Simple Evaluation

Abstract Manipulation of the host genotype has been proposed as a method of increasing biological nitrogen fixation by rhizobia in symbiosis with the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The F1 generation of a diallel cross of 10 South American cultivars was evaluated in the greenhouse in an analysis of gene action for traits related to nitrogen fixation. The parents represented five secondary centers of diversity and effects in the diallel model were partitioned into among- and within-center components. Variation of center effects was significant for several characters but was smaller in magnitude than within-center variation. Specific combining abilities were significant and accounted for more variability than general combining abilities for nodule number, nodule mass, specific nitrogenase activity, shoot weight, and total nitrogen, indicating non-additive types of gene action. Maternal effects were observed for the same characters. The parents with the highest general combining abilities (GCA's) for nitrogen fixation were both fastigiate types, while Virginia-type parents had generally low GCA's. Correlations between parental and GCA effects were nonsignificant for all traits, so simple evaluation of lines for nitrogen-fixing capacity may not identify superior parents for use in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Salinity induced deleterious effects on germination, growth, physiological and biochemical process of two varieties of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Sharmin Akter ◽  
Dilruba Yeasmin Jharna ◽  
Sujan Kanti Mali ◽  
Abu Sayeed
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The present study was accomplished to find out the effects of salinity on germination, growth, physiological and biochemical processes of two different groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), varieties viz., Dacca-1, and Zhinga groundnut. The experiments consisted of five salinity treatments viz., control (no salinity), 3, 6, 9, and 12dS/m during germination and vegetative stage of groundnut varieties. Results showed that germination percentage of both the groundnut varieties was significantly decreased with the increase of salt concentration. During the germination stage, maximum shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight and shoot and root dry weight of groundnut varieties were recorded from Zhinga groundnut variety at salt stress. The same result occurred during the vegetative stage of Dacca-1 variety while the Zhinga groundnut variety showed maximum parameters than Dacca-1. Fresh weight, as well as dry weight, of shoots and roots of both the groundnut varieties was also decreased with the increase of salt concentrations while leaf proline concentrations were increased among these varieties. Salinity caused significant (P<0.001) reduction in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content in both the genotypes. Between two genotypes, Zhinga groundnut recorded higher chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content than Dacca-1. From the studies, it is concluded that the groundnut genotype Zhinga was identified as the tolerant genotype to salt stress than Dacca-1. Overall results indicate that high salinity condition is not suitable for growing the groundnut.

Effect of herbicides on weed control and yield of kharifgroundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Patel ◽  
D. M. Patel ◽  
B. J. Patel ◽  
P. P. Patel ◽  
Shaukat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Free Treatment

A field experiment was carried out during kharif 2009-10 to 2011-12 at Agronomy Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat to study the effect of herbicides on weed control and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Nine treatments of weed control were evaluated in randomized block design and replicated four times. Besides weed free treatment, an application of pendimethalin @ 1000 g/ha PE + imazethapyr 75 g/ha PoE at 15-20 DAS and H. W. + IC at 20 and 40 DAS recorded higher mature pods per plant, shelling percent, pod yield, haulm yield, gross return, net return, BCR and weed control efficiency as well as lower weed index and dry weight of weeds. No adverse effect of herbicides was observed on plant population, grain and straw yield of succeeding wheat crop.

Growth and productivity of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under varying levels and sources of sulphur in semi-arid conditions of Rajasthan

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagesh Yadav ◽  
S. S. Yadav ◽  
Neelam Yadav ◽  
M. R. Yadav ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Elemental Sulphur ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cent Increase ◽  
Biological Yield

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy research farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner during kharif, 2015 in order to evaluate the performance of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under varying levels of sulphur and its sources. Results of experiment revealed that CGR of crop during 0 - 35 DAS registered significant increase upto application of sulphur at 45 kg/ha. However, at later stages of growth the significant increase was noted upto 60 kg S/ha only. Application of sulphur at 60 kg/ha recorded a significant increase of 6.1 per cent in RGR over 15 kg/ha during 70 DAS – at harvest stage. Likewise, application of 60 kg S/ha also significantly enhanced the number of total and effective nodules as well as fresh and dry weight of nodules/plant and produced significantly higher pod and biological yields of groundnut (1832 and 5361 kg/ha) than 45, 30 and 15 kg/ha. Application of sulphur through gypsum recorded significant increase in plant height and dry matter accumulation/m row length at all the stages of crop over SSP and elemental sulphur treatments. The maximum CGR at all the stages of crop was recorded when sulphur was applied through gypsum. Sulphur application through SSP registered 13.9, 9.8 and 21.4 per cent increase in CGR over elemental sulphur at these stages, respectively. On the other hand, SSP and gypsum increased the RGR by 7.2 and 6.3 per cent, respectively over elemental sulphur. Gypsum as a sources of sulphur fertilization recorded the highest number of 62.30 total and 55.00 effective nodules/plant and as well as fresh and dry weight of nodules (229.87 and 102.00 mg/plant) thereby increasing to the extent of 22.1, 27.6, 23.9 and 18.9 per cent over elemental sulphur. Sulphur application through gypsum produced 13.1 and 10.2 per cent higher pod and biological yield of groundnut over elemental sulphur.

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