scholarly journals Peanut Drying Energy Consumption — A Simulation Analysis

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Troeger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Available Energy

Abstract During the past few years the cost of conventional sources of energy has dramatically increased and future supplies are uncertain. Available energy sources must be used in the most efficient manner. However, with any changes in recommended peanut drying procedures, product quality must be maintained. An analysis of various factors affecting energy consumption and drying time of peanuts was performed, using a computer simulation model. The analysis included consideration of ambient conditions, dryer controls, and initial peanut moisture. The analysis indicated that the airflow rate used in many commercially available farm dryers is necessary to adequately dry high moisture peanuts, but that a lower airflow rate would be adequate for low-moisture peanuts. A lower airflow rate would reduce energy consumption. Increasing the temperature rise of the drying air would speed drying but would also lower milling quality. Energy consumption was lowest early in the drying season when ambient drying potential was high.

scholarly journals Drying of faecal sludge from VIP latrines through a medium infrared radiation process

Water SA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3 July) ◽  
Author(s):  
SW Mirara ◽  
S Septien ◽  
A Singh ◽  
K Velkushanova ◽  
CA Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mass Transfer Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Drying Curves ◽  
Faecal Sludge

In order to treat faecal sludge from ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines, eThekwini Municipality (Durban, South Africa) developed an infrared dryer, ‘LaDePa’ (Latrine Dehydration Pasteurization). Parameters that influence its operation were investigated using a laboratory-scale replica of the full-scale machine. For this, faecal sludge collected from VIP latrines was pelletized and dried under different operating conditions. Drying curves were obtained by plotting medium wave infrared intensity (MIR), height of emitters above the belt, air flowrate and pellet diameter against the residence time. These curves were then used to determine the drying rate and energy consumption. The results show that the drying rate increased while the energy consumption decreased by increasing the power of the MIR emitters and decreasing the size of the pellets. For example, the drying time to get a moisture content of 0.8 g water/g dry solid was shortened from 27 to 6 min while the energy consumption for this reduced from 1.5 to 0.8 kWh after increasing the MIR power from 1.5 to 3.3 kW. Similar drying curves were obtained by varying the distance between the pellets and MIR emitters, and adjusting intensity of the MIR radiation to obtain the same temperature in the drying zone. It was also observed that higher airflow rates enhanced mass transfer rates, but led to a cooling effect. No effect on the drying rate was observed after pre-drying the sludge or adding sawdust. The study shows that for the process to be efficient, the MIR intensity should be high enough for fast drying to occur (T ≥ 150°C), but without causing thermal degradation (T ≤ 220°C). The height of emitter above the belt and the pellet size should be as small as possible (8 mm); airflow rate should be optimised to maximize the mass transfer rate and minimize the cooling effect.

Performance Analysis of RNC Clustering Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Rawat ◽  
Siddhartha Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Threshold Function ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Clustering Protocol

Background and Objective: The functionalities of wireless sensor networks (WSN) are growing in various areas, so to handle the energy consumption of network in an efficient manner is a challenging task. The sensor nodes in the WSN are equipped with limited battery power, so there is a need to utilize the sensor power in an efficient way. The clustering of nodes in the network is one of the ways to handle the limited energy of nodes to enhance the lifetime of the network for its longer working without failure. Methods: The proposed approach is based on forming a cluster of various sensor nodes and then selecting a sensor as cluster head (CH). The heterogeneous sensor nodes are used in the proposed approach in which sensors are provided with different energy levels. The selection of an efficient node as CH can help in enhancing the network lifetime. The threshold function and random function are used for selecting the cluster head among various sensors for selecting the efficient node as CH. Various performance parameters such as network lifespan, packets transferred to the base station (BS) and energy consumption are used to perform the comparison between the proposed technique and previous approaches. Results and Discussion: To validate the working of the proposed technique the simulation is performed in MATLAB simulator. The proposed approach has enhanced the lifetime of the network as compared to the existing approaches. The proposed algorithm is compared with various existing techniques to measure its performance and effectiveness. The sensor nodes are randomly deployed in a 100m*100m area. Conclusion: The simulation results showed that the proposed technique has enhanced the lifespan of the network by utilizing the node’s energy in an efficient manner and reduced the consumption of energy for better network performance.

scholarly journals Energetic and exergetic analysis of a convective drier: A case study of potato drying process

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 563-572
Author(s):  
Iman Golpour ◽  
Mohammad Kaveh ◽  
Reza Amiri Chayjan ◽  
Raquel P. F. Guiné
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Exergy Losses

AbstractThis research work focused on the evaluation of energy and exergy in the convective drying of potato slices. Experiments were conducted at four air temperatures (40, 50, 60 and 70°C) and three air velocities (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/s) in a convective dryer, with circulating heated air. Freshly harvested potatoes with initial moisture content (MC) of 79.9% wet basis were used in this research. The influence of temperature and air velocity was investigated in terms of energy and exergy (energy utilization [EU], energy utilization ratio [EUR], exergy losses and exergy efficiency). The calculations for energy and exergy were based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Results indicated that EU, EUR and exergy losses decreased along drying time, while exergy efficiency increased. The specific energy consumption (SEC) varied from 1.94 × 105 to 3.14 × 105 kJ/kg. The exergy loss varied in the range of 0.006 to 0.036 kJ/s and the maximum exergy efficiency obtained was 85.85% at 70°C and 0.5 m/s, while minimum exergy efficiency was 57.07% at 40°C and 1.5 m/s. Moreover, the values of exergetic improvement potential (IP) rate changed between 0.0016 and 0.0046 kJ/s and the highest value occurred for drying at 70°C and 1.5 m/s, whereas the lowest value was for 70°C and 0.5 m/s. As a result, this knowledge will allow the optimization of convective dryers, when operating for the drying of this food product or others, as well as choosing the most appropriate operating conditions that cause the reduction of energy consumption, irreversibilities and losses in the industrial convective drying processes.

scholarly journals Traffic Light Priority for Trams in Warsaw as a Tool for Transport Policy and Reduction of Energy Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4180
Author(s):  
Andrzej Czerepicki ◽  
Tomasz Krukowicz ◽  
Anna Górka ◽  
Jarosław Szustek
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption

The article presents an analysis of priority solutions for trams at a selected sequence of intersections in Warsaw (Poland). An analysis of the literature has shown the topicality of this issue. A computer simulation model of a coordinated sequence of intersections was constructed. Three test scenarios were designed: the existing control system, the new coordinated fixed-time control system, and the adaptive control system with active priority. In the simulation process, detailed travel characteristics of trams and other traffic participants in a selected section were obtained for the three varying scenarios. Electric energy consumption for traction needs and pollutant emissions was then estimated for each of the variants. It was concluded that for the analyzed configuration, implementation of the adaptive priority will result in a reduction of tram time losses by up to 25%, a reduction in energy consumption by up to 23%, and a reduction in the emission of pollutants from individual vehicles by up to 3% in relation to the original variant. The conducted research may be the basis for a comprehensive method of assessing the effectiveness of applying the adaptative priority when designing new tramway lines and modernizing the existing ones.

scholarly journals Investigating Primary Factors Affecting Electricity Consumption in Non-Residential Buildings Using a Data-Driven Approach

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooyoun Cho ◽  
Jeehang Lee ◽  
Jumi Baek ◽  
Gi-Seok Kim ◽  
Seung-Bok Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Building Energy Consumption

Although the latest energy-efficient buildings use a large number of sensors and measuring instruments to predict consumption more accurately, it is generally not possible to identify which data are the most valuable or key for analysis among the tens of thousands of data points. This study selected the electric energy as a subset of total building energy consumption because it accounts for more than 65% of the total building energy consumption, and identified the variables that contribute to electric energy use. However, this study aimed to confirm data from a building using clustering in machine learning, instead of a calculation method from engineering simulation, to examine the variables that were identified and determine whether these variables had a strong correlation with energy consumption. Three different methods confirmed that the major variables related to electric energy consumption were significant. This research has significance because it was able to identify the factors in electric energy, accounting for more than half of the total building energy consumption, that had a major effect on energy consumption and revealed that these key variables alone, not the default values of many different items in simulation analysis, can ensure the reliable prediction of energy consumption.

An Energy-Efficient DRAM Cache Architecture for Mobile Platforms With PCM-Based Main Memory

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Dongsuk Shin ◽  
Hakbeom Jang ◽  
Kiseok Oh ◽  
Jae W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Main Memory ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Mobile Platforms ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Hybrid Memory ◽  
Spatial Locality ◽  
Cache Architecture ◽  
Energy Delay Product

A long battery life is a first-class design objective for mobile devices, and main memory accounts for a major portion of total energy consumption. Moreover, the energy consumption from memory is expected to increase further with ever-growing demands for bandwidth and capacity. A hybrid memory system with both DRAM and PCM can be an attractive solution to provide additional capacity and reduce standby energy. Although providing much greater density than DRAM, PCM has longer access latency and limited write endurance to make it challenging to architect it for main memory. To address this challenge, this article introduces CAMP, a novel DRAM c ache a rchitecture for m obile platforms with P CM-based main memory. A DRAM cache in this environment is required to filter most of the writes to PCM to increase its lifetime, and deliver highest efficiency even for a relatively small-sized DRAM cache that mobile platforms can afford. To address this CAMP divides DRAM space into two regions: a page cache for exploiting spatial locality in a bandwidth-efficient manner and a dirty block buffer for maximally filtering writes. CAMP improves the performance and energy-delay-product by 29.2% and 45.2%, respectively, over the baseline PCM-oblivious DRAM cache, while increasing PCM lifetime by 2.7×. And CAMP also improves the performance and energy-delay-product by 29.3% and 41.5%, respectively, over the state-of-the-art design with dirty block buffer, while increasing PCM lifetime by 2.5×.

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