scholarly journals SCALE OF NATURAL FIRE DANGER OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS OF MELEKHOV I. S. OVERVIEW OF MODERN RUSSIAN METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
A. S. Plotnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Fire Danger ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Modern Russian

The article is devoted to the review of various methodological approaches to the estimation of natural fire danger (NFD), as well as to the creation, updation and application of the NFD maps, which are offered by modern Russian scholars. The scale of natural fire danger assessment recommended for use and developed by I. S. Melekhov is presented and analyzed. The methodological drawbacks of this scale as stated by modern researchers are indicated. The paper reviews the development of a new methodological approach to compilation of regional scales for assessing the natural fire danger of forests, by taking into account the links between forest growth conditions as well as seasonal and climatic conditions in the regions of the Russian Federation. The method for mapping of natural fire danger on the basis of maps of plant combustible materials, proposed by the scientific group of the V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, is studied. We consider studies of the Mytischi Branch of Bauman Moscow State Technical University related to investigation if the possibility for applying mathematical modeling methods for long-term forecasting of changes in NFD under different scenarios of forest management. The method for annual mapping of NFD classes, proposed in the CEPF RAS, is presented. An example of the use of NFD maps in assessing the probability of forest fires in the ICARP FEB RAS is considered. Future research areas are identified, namely, a cartographic representation of the created regional scales of NFD and the results of mathematical modeling of long-term changes in NFD.

scholarly journals Long-term temporal changes in the occurrence of a high forest fire danger in Finland

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2591-2601 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Mäkelä ◽  
M. Laapas ◽  
A. Venäläinen
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Fire Danger ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Forest Fire Danger

Abstract. Climate variation and change influence several ecosystem components including forest fires. To examine long-term temporal variations of forest fire danger, a fire danger day (FDD) model was developed. Using mean temperature and total precipitation of the Finnish wildfire season (June–August), the model describes the climatological preconditions of fire occurrence and gives the number of fire danger days during the same time period. The performance of the model varied between different regions in Finland being best in south and west. In the study period 1908–2011, the year-to-year variation of FDD was large and no significant increasing or decreasing tendencies could be found. Negative slopes of linear regression lines for FDD could be explained by the simultaneous, mostly not significant increases in precipitation. Years with the largest wildfires did not stand out from the FDD time series. This indicates that intra-seasonal variations of FDD enable occurrence of large-scale fires, despite the whole season's fire danger is on an average level. Based on available monthly climate data, it is possible to estimate the general fire conditions of a summer. However, more detailed input data about weather conditions, land use, prevailing forestry conventions and socio-economical factors would be needed to gain more specific information about a season's fire risk.

scholarly journals Trans-disciplinary research on religious formations in urban Africa: Towards liberative methodological approaches

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan F. De Beer ◽  
R. Drew Smith ◽  
Jacob Manyaka
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Urban Africa ◽  
Methodological Approaches

In this article, we are exploring a methodological approach to research on faith and religious expressions in urban Africa. We are committed to trans-disciplinary work that pursues research methods mutually liberating for researchers, co-researchers and community participants and that results in long-term benefits and strengthened agency on the part of the host communities. Our reflections in this article are based on a collaborative research project1 in two regions of Pretoria, Tshwane2 – Pretoria Central and Mamelodi East – in which we explore how religious innovation and competition in and amongst churches contribute to the healing or perpetuation of urban fractures.

Overview of Team Creativity and Innovation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Paulus ◽  
Jared B. Kenworthy
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Team Creativity ◽  
Team Innovation ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Paradoxical Effects ◽  
Constrained Environments ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Creativity And Innovation

In this chapter, we present an overview of some major topics and themes explored in the research on team creativity. We discuss the strengths and limitations of some primary methodological approaches to the study of creativity in teams, including short-term team settings, long-term team settings, and case studies. We also explore some of the major theories of collaborative creativity, which to varying degrees focus on contextual and organizational factors, as well as motivational, cognitive, and social processes involved in enhancing innovation in teams. We evaluate the sometimes conflicting findings from research on team size, participative safety, conflict, affective processes, and supportive versus constrained environments. At a broader level, we discuss interteam and network dynamics as they impact team innovation. Finally, we summarize some areas of research that seem to have conflicting or paradoxical effects, suggesting areas of future research focus.

scholarly journals Conducting pre-foresight research: organizational aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
L. V. Deineko ◽  
◽  
E. I. Sheludko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Bibliographic Analysis ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Organizational Aspect ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Eu

The growing uncertainty of economic development increases the interest in future research and its role in determining the priority areas of scientific and technological, socio-economic, regional development. Related to this is the rapid spread of the foresight practice as a process of actively learning about the future and creating a medium- and long-term vision to consolidate the efforts of all stakeholders in making relevant decisions. The scope of foresight, which is already becoming the subject of international cooperation, is also expanding. Methodological recommendations have been adopted for the EU countries to balance the countries’ foresight methods when conducting strategic forecast research. Ukraine lags far behind European practices in organising the foresight process, limiting itself to individual initiatives for limited periods. The country has not yet developed the organisational methods required for full-fledged foresight research. Above all, the analysis of organisational and methodological support of the foresight process, the basic aspects of which are formed at the pre-foresight stage of the study. Therefore, the subject of the study was to highlight the organisational aspect of pre-foresight research. The purpose of this publication is a detailed study and analysis of the organisation of pre-foresight research in terms of the formation of informational, communicative, and methodological components of the pre-foresight stage, as well as recommendations for measures to improve the effectiveness of national foresight as a tool for long-term development in the country. Based on bibliographic analysis using systematic, comparative-historical, structural, interdisciplinary approaches, the foreign experience of organising pre-foresight research was generalised, the expediency of improving the information and regulatory framework for foresight research was substantiated, the scope of application of foresight-specific research and criteria were determined by stakeholders of the process, as well as methodological approaches to the formation of a combination of research methods were discovered.

Risk and Protective Factors for Traumatic Stress Disorders

2012 ◽  
pp. 332-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda A. King ◽  
Anica Pless Kaiser ◽  
Jennifer Schuster Wachen ◽  
Carrie M. Potter ◽  
Crystal L. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Traumatic Stress Disorders ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Methodological Approaches

This chapter provides an overview of risk and protective factors that may account for posttraumatic responses. In addition to risk and protective factors specifically for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the outcomes of resilience and posttraumatic growth are considered. Emphasis is placed on the importance of a longitudinal and especially a lifespan developmental framework to understand both the short- and long-term implications of trauma exposure and the factors that influence its consequences. A brief introduction to methodological approaches for documenting longitudinal change is presented, followed by suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ЗМІШАНИХ СТРАТЕГІЙ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ЗАЛІЗОРУДНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ РИНКОВИХ ПЕРЕТВОРЕНЬ

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Афанасьєв Євген Вікторович ◽  
Афанасьєва Марія Григорівна ◽  
Воробйов Руслан Борисович
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Production Program ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Strategic Innovation ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
General Perspective

The article raises the problem of the need for efficient management of the innovation and investment development of iron ore enterprises in the current difficult conditions of market transformations. A generalization of methodological approaches to improving the management of the balanced strategic innovation development of the iron ore enterprise in the conditions of intensification of the growth of scientific and technological progress taking into account the influence of economic risks. In order to increase efficiency and profitability, a methodological approach has been developed and the toolkit for solving the task of optimizing the economic activity of a large mono-product enterprise has been proposed by finding a solution in mixed innovation strategies that will expand the possibilities of successive optimization of the enterprise's production program from long- term, current to operational planning, intervals of choice of management influences, taking into account general perspective goals of mining x works on the enterprise, taking into account the stochastic nature of the processes of production and economic activity of the iron ore enterprise.

scholarly journals Coping and adjustment in caregivers: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205510291881065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamsyn Hawken ◽  
Julie Turner-Cobb ◽  
Julie Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Problem Versus

This systematic review assessed coping and adjustment in caregivers of all ages to provide a synthesis of existing literature in the context of methodological approaches and underlying theory. Four databases were searched. Reference lists, citations and experts were consulted. In total, 27 studies (13 quantitative and 14 qualitative) were included. Coping factors associated with adjustment (problem- versus emotion-focussed coping and cognitive strategies) and psychosocial factors associated with physiological adjustment (trait anxiety, coping style and social support) were identified. Results raised methodological issues. Future research requires physiological adjustment measures and longitudinal assessment of the long-term impact of childhood caregiving. Findings inform future caregiver research and interventions.

Intraindividual Variability and Stability of Affect and Well-Being

GeroPsych ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Röcke ◽  
Annette Brose
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Underlying Processes

Whereas subjective well-being remains relatively stable across adulthood, emotional experiences show remarkable short-term variability, with younger and older adults differing in both amount and correlates. Repeatedly assessed affect data captures both the dynamics and stability as well as stabilization that may indicate emotion-regulatory processes. The article reviews (1) research approaches to intraindividual affect variability, (2) functional implications of affect variability, and (3) age differences in affect variability. Based on this review, we discuss how the broader literature on emotional aging can be better integrated with theories and concepts of intraindividual affect variability by using appropriate methodological approaches. Finally, we show how a better understanding of affect variability and its underlying processes could contribute to the long-term stabilization of well-being in old age.

Physical and Psychological Benefits of Written Emotional Expression

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Kállay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. The last several decades have witnessed a substantial increase in the number of individuals suffering from both diagnosable and subsyndromal mental health problems. Consequently, the development of cost-effective treatment methods, accessible to large populations suffering from different forms of mental health problems, became imperative. A very promising intervention is the method of expressive writing (EW), which may be used in both clinically diagnosable cases and subthreshold symptomatology. This method, in which people express their feelings and thoughts related to stressful situations in writing, has been found to improve participants’ long-term psychological, physiological, behavioral, and social functioning. Based on a thorough analysis and synthesis of the published literature (also including most recent meta-analyses), the present paper presents the expressive writing method, its short- and long-term, intra-and interpersonal effects, different situations and conditions in which it has been proven to be effective, the most important mechanisms implied in the process of recovery, advantages, disadvantages, and possible pitfalls of the method, as well as variants of the original technique and future research directions.

Threatening Conditions and Challenges in the Modern Living of the Old People in Republic of Macedonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Hava Rexhep
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Functional Dependency ◽  
Old People ◽  
Stomach Diseases ◽  
Social Challenge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Build System

The aging is not only a personal but also a social challenge from several aspects, several dimensions; a challenge aiming to build system approaches and solutions with a long term importance. Aims: the main aim of this research is to investigate the conditions and challenges in the modern living of the old people, primarily in terms of the social care. However, this research is concentrated on a big group of the population and their challenges are the most intensive in the modern living. The investigation of the conditions and challenges in the aging are basis and encouragement in realizing the progressive approaches in order to improve the modern living of the old people. The practical aim of the research is a deep investigation and finding important data, analyzing the basic indicators of the conditions, needs and challenges in order to facilitate the old population to get ready for the new life. Methods and techniques: Taking into consideration the complexity of the research problem, the basic methodological approach is performed dominantly by descriptive-analytical method. The basic instrument for getting data in the research is the questionnaire with leading interview for the old people. Results: The research showed that the old people over 70-79 years old in a bigger percentage manifested difficulties primarily related to the functional dependency, respectively 39,33 % of the participants in this category showed concern about some specific functional dependency from the offered categories. The percentage of the stomach diseases with 38,33 % is important, as well as the kidney diseases with 32,83% related to the total population and the category of the old people over 80. Conclusion: The old people very often accept the life as it is, often finding things fulfilled with tolerance and satisfaction. However the health problems of the old people are characterized with a dominant representation. The chronic diseases and the diseases characteristic for the aging are challenge in organizing adequate protection which addresses to taking appropriate regulations, programs and activities.

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