scholarly journals Importance of functional nutrition components on new Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and other viral communicable diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-299
Author(s):  
Serhan Mohammed ◽  
Nigün Özdemir ◽  
Ahmet Hilmi Çon
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Human Immune

There are no foods to prevent or treat the coronavirus alone; however, it has been proven that a healthy and balanced nutrition is crucial for health, particularly in times when the immune system might need to fight back. The present study provides insights about the properties of bioactive components of foods and herbs as a possible adjuvant support the human immune system against infections. Also, has focused on the interactions of the intestinal microbiota with human health in the treatment of Covid-19 and other viral infections. More research with strong recommendations is needed to better understand causality.

scholarly journals COVID-19: human immune response and the influence of food ingredients and active compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Raphael Ayivi ◽  
Salam Ibrahim ◽  
Heather Colleran ◽  
Roberta Silva ◽  
Leonard Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
The Impact

The human immune system is the first line of defense in the prevention of viruses and diseases, and several immune response mechanisms are engaged at the onset of a pathogenic attack. In this review, we elucidate the human immune system as a critical element in protecting humans from COVID-19 by describing the immune process, explaining how the immune system functions, and highlighting the immune system’s global importance in fighting infections. Potential challenges that limit the  proper functioning of the immune system are also discussed. In addition, we address the impact of nutrition on boosting the body’s defenses against COVID-19. For example, some foods and active compounds from food ingredients have been suggested as a way to strengthen the immune system. Physical exercise has also been encouraged as an important way to support the immune response to viral infections. The aim of this review is thus to outline holistic self-defense immunity mechanisms that can help to reduce the risk of viral infections in humans. This review could therefore be used as a comprehensive resource for educating consumers and the general public about measures that can enhance the body’s immune support system as we continue to fight COVID-19 and its variants.Keywords: Immunity, Covid-19 COVID-19, Nutrition, Bioactive compounds, Food Ingredients

scholarly journals Use of nanohybrid nanomaterials in water treatment: highly efficient removal of ranitidine

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (61) ◽  
pp. 37050-37063
Author(s):  
Fahmi A. Abu Al-Rub ◽  
Mohammad M. Fares ◽  
Ahmad R. Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Efficient Removal ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
System P ◽  
Human Immune

Entire elimination of pharmaceutical drugs from waste- and domestic-waters has attracted great attention due to their potent adverse effects on human health, particularly the human immune system.

scholarly journals Modeling Human Cytomegalovirus in Humanized Mice for Vaccine Testing

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Koenig ◽  
Sebastian J. Theobald ◽  
Renata Stripecke
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Viral Reactivation ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Human Immune

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV or HHV-5) is a globally spread pathogen with strictly human tropism that establishes a life-long persistence. After primary infection, high levels of long-term T and B cell responses are elicited, but the virus is not cleared. HCMV persists mainly in hematopoietic reservoirs, whereby occasional viral reactivation and spread are well controlled in immunocompetent hosts. However, when the immune system cannot control viral infections or reactivations, such as with newborns, patients with immune deficiencies, or immune-compromised patients after transplantations, the lytic outbursts can be severely debilitating or lethal. The development of vaccines for immunization of immune-compromised hosts has been challenging. Several vaccine candidates did not reach the potency expected in clinical trials and were not approved. Before anti-HCMV vaccines can be tested pre-clinically in immune-compromised hosts, reliable in vivo models recapitulating HCMV infection might accelerate their clinical translation. Therefore, immune-deficient mouse strains implanted with human cells and tissues and developing a human immune system (HIS) are being explored to test anti-HCMV vaccines. HIS-mice resemble immune-compromised hosts as they are equipped with antiviral human T and B cells, but the immune reactivity is overall low. Several groups have independently shown that HCMV infections and reactivations can be mirrored in HIS mice. However, these models and the analyses employed varied widely. The path forward is to improve human immune reconstitution and standardize the analyses of adaptive responses so that HIS models can be forthrightly used for testing novel generations of anti-HCMV vaccines in the preclinical pipeline.

scholarly journals Surra: Trypanosomiasis in Livestock is Potential as Zoonotic Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
April Hari Wardhana ◽  
Dyah H Savitri
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Trypanosome Species ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Human Immune

<em>Trypanosoma evansi</em> is one of blood protozoans having the most wide distribution region compared to other Trypanosome species. The parasite causes trypanosomiasis known as Surra. The disease may cause mortality to the infected animals. In general <em>T evansi</em> only attack animal and cannot infect humans due to apolipoprotein 1 (Apo L-1) in human serum. The protein possess trypanolitic activity feature against <em>T. evansi</em> and effectively eliminates the protozoa. However, the knowledge of Surra infecting animals changed because there were atypical human trypanosomiasis cases reported in some countries due to <em>T. evansi</em>. The human Surra case occurred in Vietnam demonstrated that person with Apo L-1 could be infected by <em>T. evansi</em>. There was resistant strain of <em>T. evansi</em> found which able to disrupt human immune system. This paper will discuss Surra cases in both humans and animals, including mechanism of Apo L-1 on eliminating the parasite. Surra cases in human and animal should be seriously concerned because Surra could be pontential zoonosis threating human health.

scholarly journals INTERAKSI ANTARA MIKROBIOTA USUS DAN SISTEM KEKEBALAN TUBUH MANUSIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Fitri Elizabrth Br Hasibuan ◽  
Beivy Jonathan Kolondam
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Host Physiology

INTERAKSI ANTARA MIKROBIOTA USUS DAN SISTEM KEKEBALAN TUBUH MANUSIA Fitri Elizabrth Br Hasibuan dan Beivy Jonathan Kolondam ABSTRAK Sejumlah besar mikrobiota yang menghuni sistem pencernaan manusia memiliki peran penting dengan sistem kekebalan tubuh. Mikrobiota ini melaksanakan fungsi penting untuk fisiologi inang. Dalam tubuh manusia terdapat sekitar 10-100 triliun mikrobiota. Jumlah mikrobioma pada manusia paling banyak terdapat di usus, yaitu sekitar 100 triliun sel-sel mikrobiota yang terdiri dari 1.000 spesies berbeda. Mikrobiota adalah seluruh mikroba yang hidup di tubuh manusia yang terdiri dari bakteri, archae, virus, dan jamur yang pada umumnya hidup di setiap bagian tubuh manusia seperi kulit, vagina, hidung dan mulut. Bakteri pada mikrobioma manusia memiliki peran pada imunitas, nutrisi, dan perkembangan manusia. Di sini ditinjau tentang interaksi antara koloni mikroba dan sistem kekebalan tubuh dan implikasi dari temuan ini bagi kesehatan manusia. Kata-kata kunci: mikrobiota usus, sistem kekebalan tubuh, interaksi, bakteria.   INTERACTION BETWEEN GUT MICROBIOTA AND THE HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM ABSTRACT Most of the gut microbiota has important role in human immune system. These microbiota conducts important function for host physiology. The microbiota in the human body can range around 10 to 100 billion in number which contained 1,000 different species. Microbiota are the whole microbes living in human body such as bacteria, archaea, virus, and fungi, located on the skin or inside the vagina, nose and mouth. Bacteria in human microbiome has important roles in nutrition, immunity, and human development. This article discussed about interaction of microbes and immune system along with the implication of the interaction for human health. Keywords: Gut microbiota, immune system, interaction, bacteria

721 AT1412, a patient-derived CD9 antibody in preclinical development promoting tumor immune infiltration and inducing tumor rejection

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A763-A763
Author(s):  
Remko Schotte ◽  
Julien Villaudy ◽  
Martijn Kedde ◽  
Wouter Pos ◽  
Daniel Go ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Rejection ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Preclinical Development ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
A375 Melanoma

BackgroundAdaptive immunity to cancer cells forms a crucial part of cancer immunotherapy. Recently, the importance of tumor B-cell signatures were shown to correlate with melanoma survival. We investigated whether tumor-targeting antibodies could be isolated from a patient that cured (now 13 years tumor-free) metastatic melanoma following adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous T cells.MethodsPatient‘s peripheral blood B cells were isolated and tested for the presence of tumor-reactive B cells using AIMM’s immmortalisation technology. Antibody AT1412 was identified by virtue of its differential binding to melanoma cells as compared to healthy melanocytes. AT1412 binds the tetraspanin CD9, a broadly expressed protein involved in multiple cellular activities in cancer and induces ADCC and ADCP by effector cells.ResultsSpontaneous immune rejection of tumors was observed in human immune system (HIS) mouse models implanted with CD9 genetically-disrupted A375 melanoma (A375-CD9KO) tumor cells, while A375wt cells were not cleared. Most notably, no tumor rejection of A375-CD9KO tumors was observed in NSG mice, indicating that blockade of CD9 makes tumor cells susceptible to immune rejection.CD9 has been described to regulate integrin signaling, e.g. LFA-1, VLA-4, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. AT1412 was shown to modulate CD9 function by enhancing adhesion and transmigration of T cells to endothelial (HUVEC) cells. AT1412 was most potently enhancing transendothelial T-cell migration, in contrast to a high affinity version of AT1412 or other high affinity anti-CD9 reference antibodies (e.g. ALB6). Enhanced immune cell infiltration is also observed in immunodeficient mice harbouring a human immune system (HIS). AT1412 strongly enhanced CD8 T-cell and macrophage infiltration resulting in tumor rejection (A375 melanoma). PD-1 checkpoint blockade is further sustaining this effect. In a second melanoma model carrying a PD-1 resistant and highly aggressive tumor (SK-MEL5) AT1412 together with nivolumab was inducing full tumor rejection, while either one of the antibodies alone did not.ConclusionsThe safety of AT1412 has been assessed in preclinical development and is well tolerated up to 10 mg/kg (highest dose tested) by non human primates. AT1412 demonstrated a half-life of 8.5 days, supporting 2–3 weekly administration in humans. Besides transient thrombocytopenia no other pathological deviations were observed. No effect on coagulation parameters, bruising or bleeding were observed macro- or microscopically. The thrombocytopenia is reversible, and its recovery accelerated in those animals developing anti-drug antibodies. First in Human clinical study is planned to start early 2021.Ethics ApprovalStudy protocols were approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of the Leiden University Medical Center (Leiden, Netherlands).ConsentBlood was obtained after written informed consent by the patient.

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