scholarly journals Efficiency of fertilizing in sunflower cultivation technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
L.A. Garbar ◽  
◽  
U. Lishchuk ◽  
N.I. Dovbash ◽  
N.V. Knap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

Nutritional conditions of plants during the growing season is one of the main factors aimed at realizing the genetic potential of sunflower hybrids for growing them in any soil and climatic conditions. Currently, it is important to study the genetic potential of domestic hybrids under different growing conditions in order to identify their competitiveness, which provides an increase in quality and yield of the crop. The use in the production of a significant range of complex microfertilizers on the background of the main fertilizer helps to increase the efficiency of plant use of nutrients of mineral fertilizers and soil, is one of the ways to increase crop yields and quality of agricultural products. Despite the relevance of sunflower as the main oil crop, the technology of its cultivation is not a perfect study, in addition, previous studies often contain conflicting indicators. An important place among the agronomic techniques aimed at increasing crop productivity belongs to the provision of optimal plant nutrition conditions during the growing season. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of culture conditions and selection of high-yielding hybrids (NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma) for specific soil and climatic conditions through the formation of their productivity. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of culture conditions and selection of high-yielding hybrids (NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma) for specific soil and climatic conditions through the formation of their productivity. The research was conducted during 2018–2019 on typical low-humus chernozems. The research program provided for the establishment of a three-factor field experiment, which studied hybrids (factor A) fertilizer options (factor B) and foliar fertilization of crops (factor B) in phase 4 and 8 sunflower leaves with Ecoline Bor, Nertus Bor, Bast Bor. The studied sunflower hybrids are NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma. The results of the research revealed significant changes in the diameter of the sunflower inflorescence under the influence of different nutritional conditions created by fertilizer options. The influence of hybrid characteristics also determined this indicator. Plants of the hybrid NK Diamantis formed baskets, the diameters of which varied from 17.6 to 21.2 cm, SI Kupava - from 18.8 to 22.1 cm, NK Neoma – from 17.2 to 21.6 cm. The maximum value was obtained on variant with the introduction of N36P56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (phase 4 and 8 leaves) in plants of the hybrid SI Kupava, which corresponded to 22.1 cm. The weight of 1 000 achenes belonging to genetically determined traits of culture, in plants of the hybrid NK Diamantis, depending on the fertilizer variant varied from 59.3 to 62.3 g, SI Kupava from 69.8 to 74.0 g, NK Neoma from 68.8 to 72.6 g. The maximum value was provided by the variant with the use of N36P56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (phase 4 and 8 leaves). Studies have shown that the most productive was the hybrid SI Kupava with the maximum yield on the variant with the use of N36P56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (in phase 4 and 8 leaves of 1 l / ha) – 3.46 t per ha.

Selection of drought-resistant crops for South Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
V. V. Gamayunova ◽  
L. H. Khonenko ◽  
M. I. Fedorchuk ◽  
O. A. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Drought Resistant

The cultivation expediency of more drought-resistant crops, in particular sorghum, millet, false flax, safflower and others, instead of sunflower in the area of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine is substantiated. This is, first of all, required by climate change both in Ukraine and in the world. Since 2004, researches of field crops were carried out in the conditions of the Educational and Scientific Practical Center of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University. Soil phase is the southern chernozem with humus content in the 0–30 cm soil layer which consist of 2.96–3.21 %, with medium and high level of availability of mobile phosphorus and potassium and low – mobile nitrogen. Experiments with soriz (Oksamyt hybrid) were conducted during 2004–2006, millet (Tavriiske, Kostantynivske, Skhidnevarieties) in 2008–2010, grain sorghum (Stepovyi 5 hybrid) in 2014–2016, safflower dye (Lahidnyi variety) in 2017–2019. The years of research differed significantly in temperature and even more in the amount of precipitation before sowing and during the growing season of crops. However, the weather conditions were typical of the Southern Steppe zone of Ukraine. It is established that all studied drought-resistant crops respond positively to nutrition optimization – the level of yield and quality of grain or seeds increases. It was found that the soriz productivity depending on the application of fertilizers and sowing dates increased by 37.6–39.2 %, millet –by 33.3–41.6 %, grain sorghum depending on the background of nutrition and growing conditions – by 8.2–33.2 %, dye safflower – by 11.1–64.6 %. It was determined that the optimization of nutrition of cultivated crops allows to increase their resistance to adverse conditions and productivity in the case of application of low doses of the mineral fertilizers before sowing, pre-sowing treatment of seeds, and growth-regulating chemical application of plants on the main stages of the growing season. Key words: drought-resistant plants, climatic conditions, nutrition optimization, yield, crop quality, varieties, sowing dates.

scholarly journals Developing donors of ultra-early maturity in barley

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
I. A. Zveinek ◽  
O. N. Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Norm Of Reaction ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Good Productivity ◽  
Selection Of

Background. The length of the growing season is a limiting factor in many regions with unstable climatic conditions. The development of ultra-early barley donors makes it possible to accelerate the breeding process aimed at producing commercial cultivars adapted to cultivation area requirements.Materials and methods. The donors Kibel, Kibel uluchshenny, Kibtsel and Kibkor were obtained through individual selection of barley forms combining earliness and productivity from the hybrid combination Belogorsky × k-15881. The experiments were carried out according to the approved guidelines. Yield components were used to calculate the index of productivity for the donors versus the reference cv. ‘Belogorsky’.Results and conclusions. Earliness is controlled in the donors by three recessive genes. The donors’ period from emergence to heading was 7–9 days shorter than that of the reference cv. ‘Belogorsky’, with a low norm of reaction, which attested to their high adaptability. The resulting barley forms were highly resistant to lodging. The donor Kibel uluchshenny in all spike yield components did not differ from the reference. The other donors were close to the reference in spike length and 1000 seed weight. The example of Kibel uluchshenny was used to demonstrate the possibility of producing barley forms combining high earliness and good productivity. The developed donors may prove useful in the breeding for earliness in the areas where the length of the growing season is a limiting factor. 

scholarly journals Understanding habitat selection of the Vulnerable wild yak Bos mutus on the Tibetan Plateau

Oryx ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuchang Liang ◽  
Aili Kang ◽  
Nathalie Pettorelli
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Species Distribution Modelling ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Habitat Availability ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractWe tested a series of hypotheses on drivers of habitat selection by the Vulnerable wild yak Bos mutus, combining distribution-wide sighting data with species distribution modelling approaches. The results indicate that climatic conditions are of paramount importance in shaping the wild yak's distribution on the Tibetan Plateau. Habitat selection patterns were seasonal, with yaks appearing to select areas closer to villages during the vegetation-growing season. Unexpectedly, our index of forage quantity had a limited effect in determining the distribution of the species. Overall, our results suggest that expected changes in climate for this region could have a significant impact on habitat availability for wild yaks, and we call for more attention to be focused on the unique wildlife in this ecosystem.

scholarly journals Sunflower productivity dependence on inter-row cultivation methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012034
Author(s):  
V Yu Misyuryaev ◽  
N I Semina ◽  
D V Semin ◽  
M A Sadovnikov ◽  
E Yu Dolgov
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Promising Direction ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Biological Yield

Abstract Currently using the system Clearfield combined with other technologies of cultivation, given the state of the fields, soil and climatic conditions, the availability of soil mineral nutrients is a promising direction in the cultivation of sunflower in the Lower Volga region. In this regard, the experience of studying various technologies of cultivation for sunflower hybrids was laid on ordinary chernozems. The highest biological yield on average for 2015-2017 was created in the hybrid Mowgli with the herbicide Eurolighting fungicide Pictor with the introduction of liquid complex fertilizer in the phase of 2-4 leaves at the rate of 120 l/ha. On average, it was 2.57 t/ha in terms of repetitions. The lowest biological yield of sunflower was obtained from the Bosphorus hybrid with the herbicide Gezagard and the fungicide Thanos without the use of mineral fertilizers and was 1.61 t/ha. According to the factor B “Mineral fertilizers” in the control variants the average yield was 1.55 t/ha. In the variants with the introduction of NP (12:52) 80 kg/ha of ammophos, the average yield was 1.99 t/ha. In the variants with spraying in the phase of 5-6 leaves of liquid complex fertilizer NP (11:37) 120 l/ha, the average yield was 2.13 t/ha.

scholarly journals Перспективные сорта свеклы столовой на различных фонах минерального питания

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.N. Timakova ◽  
V.A. Borisov ◽  
N.A. Filroze
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Calculated Dose ◽  
Alluvial Meadow ◽  
Selection Of

В статье представлены результаты испытания новых отечественных сортов свеклы столовой в Московской области на различных фонах минерального питания: контроль без удобрений, N120P60K180 (расчетная доза) и N240P120K360 (двойная доза). Количество удобрений рассчитывалось согласно схеме опыта по фонам питания и по процентному содержанию действующего вещества. Почва опытного участка относится к типу аллювиальных луговых, среднесуглинистая, насыщенная, влагоемкая. Погодные условия наиболее благоприятно для роста и развития растений свеклы столовой складывались в периоды вегетации 20142017 годов. Особенность погодных условий 20182019 годов неравномерное выпадение осадков, что повлияло на время прорастания семян. Дефицит влаги в период вегетации компенсировали поливами методом дождевания, поддерживая НВ на уровне 7580 . В 20142019 годах изучали сорта свекла столовой селекции Агрохолдинга Поиск для товарного производства: с округлой формой корнеплода Креолка, Мулатка, Русская односемянная, Эфиопка цилиндрической Славянка округло-плоской Смуглянка. Урожайность корнеплодов на фоне без удобрений изменялась от 36,5 (Мулатка) до 47,9 т/га (Славянка). Внесение удобрений в рекомендуемой дозе способствовало прибавке урожая, в среднем, на 20,3 без снижения товарности продукции. Наиболее отзывчивы на минеральные удобрения в расчетной дозе (N120P60K180) оказались сорта Мулатка (33,1) и Смуглянка (29). Внесение удвоенных доз минеральных удобрений не повлекло за собой дальнейшего увеличения урожайности культуры. Сорт Креолка показал на фоне (N240P120K360) наибольшую урожайность 58,6 т/га. Выращивание свеклы столовой с применением удобрений в расчетной и удвоенной дозах уменьшает вариабельность урожайности сортов по годам.Results of testing of new domestic cultivars in the Moscow region on various backgrounds of mineral nutrition: control (without fertilizers), N120P60K180 (calculated dose) and N240P120K360 (double dose) are presented. The amount of fertilizers was calculated according to the scheme of the experiment by nutrition backgrounds and by the percentage of active substance. The soil of the experimental site belongs to the type of alluvial meadow, medium-loamy, saturated, moisture-intensive. Weather conditions were most favourable for the growth and development of table beet plants during the growing season of 20142017. A feature of the weather conditions of 20182019 was uneven precipitation, which affected the time of germination of seeds. The lack of moisture during the growing season was compensated by irrigation by sprinkling, maintaining the HB at the level of 8085. In 20142019, we studied varieties of beet of table selection of Poisk Agro Holding for commercial production: with a rounded root crop Kreolka, Mulatka, Russkaya odnosemyannaya, Efiopka cylindrical root crop Slavyanka round Smuglyanka. The yield of root crops on the background without fertilizers varied from 36.5 (mulatto) to 47.9 t/ha (Slavyanka). Application of fertilizers in the recommended dose contributed to an increase in yield, on average, by 20.3 without reducing the marketability of products. The most responsive to mineral fertilizers in the calculated dose (N120P60K180) were varieties Mulatka (33.1) and Smuglyanka (29). The introduction of doubled doses of mineral fertilizers did not lead to a further increase in crop yield. The Creole variety showed a maximum yield of 58.6 t/ha against the background (N240P120K360) growing table beet with the use of fertilizers in calculated and doubled doses reduces the variability in the yield of varieties over the years.

scholarly journals The degree of ripening of the grapevine in the varieties of selection of National Scientific Centre ‟Institute of viticulture and wine-making after V.YE. Tairovˮ in the conditions of the northern part of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
O. S. Vasylenko ◽  
◽  
T. E. Kondratenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Primary Fluorescence ◽  
Wintering Conditions ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

Strong growth of shoots and ripening of grape fruits do not give grounds for claiming that the variety is in accordance with the climatic conditions of a certain area. Only a well-ripe vine can withstand severe winter conditions. The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of maturation of the vine in grape varieties of Odessa breeding grown in the northern part of the Forest-steppe, and to identify among them the most prepared for wintering conditions in the area. The degree of maturation of the vine was determined during 2018–2019 in the autumn before the cover of grape plants by the method of primary fluorescence using a microscope MBS-2 with fluorescent illuminator OI-18 and by the method of N. Matuzok. Studies have shown that the degree of ripening of the grapevine depends on the weather conditions during the growing season and varietal characteristics of the plants. Weather conditions during the years of study contributed to the good maturation of the shoots of grapes of all varieties except Kometa and Zahadka. The first had a characteristic brown color of the mature bark along the entire length of the shoot. When bending the vine in its upper part of the characteristic cracking of the bark was not in the varieties Kometa, Zahadka, Yarylo and Muskat odeskyi. The highest degree of ripening of shoot tissues was noted in the lower zone of the vine in the Aromatnyi, Kardyshakh, Kishmish tayirovskij. In the middle zone of shoots, the highest degree of maturation of the felema was found in the variety Kardyshakh, and in the upper part of the shoot, in the variety Aromatnyi. The highest conditional coefficient of maturation (Kv) of the tissues of the vine in the fifth internode is defined in the varieties Aromatnyi and Kyshmysh tairovskyi (0.90), the mean in the variety Kardyshakh (0.88), and the lowest in the variety Kometa (0.56). Based on the data obtained from the results of complex studies, it was found that the varieties Aromatnyi, Kyshmysh tairovskyi and Kardyshakh are the most prepared for wintering in the northern part of the Forest-steppe.

scholarly journals Influence of some factors on the production process of spring wheat plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Nikolai Vasetsky ◽  
Alexander Paramonov ◽  
Oksana Tseluyko ◽  
Andrey Fedyushkin ◽  
Sergey Pasko
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Negative Effect

The article shows that the productivity of spring wheat is determined by the total effect of a set of conditions, each of which affects the amount of products obtained. As a result of the research, it was found that the yield of spring wheat directly depends on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. The key factor affecting the increase in the productivity of crops when using mineral fertilizers is the amount of precipitation during the growing season. The use of mineral fertilizers can significantly increase the yield of spring wheat, reducing the negative effect of the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. So, when N60P30K60 was introduced, the yield increase in different climatic conditions of the research years was 9, 3 … 92, 8%. It was also found that the reproductive function of durum spring wheat is characterized by the fact that the total number of caryopses of a shoot spike and their total weight are in close proportional dependence on the value of its vegetative mass. In this case, the value of the grain-straw ratio is a consequence of the proportional dependence of the reproductive elements of the shoot (acceptors) of wheat on the size of its vegetative (donors) organs.

scholarly journals Optimization of sunflower hybrids performance with the use of various doses of mineral fertilizers on the rice pads of Kalmykia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (43) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Residual Moisture ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Productivity Potential ◽  
Selection Of

In the issue of increasing yield of sunflower seeds, the correct selection of hybrids in relation to specific soil and climatic conditions is of great concern. Each hybrid under study has its own productivity potential determined by its genotypic features. The soil and climate conditions of the Republic of Kalmykia allow to obtain 0.98...1.71 tons of hybrid sunflower seeds per hectare in terms of residual moisture after rice (280-300mm) with the correct combination of basic agricultural techniques. It is detected that there are patters of the influence of various doses of mineral fertilizers on the growth, development and formation of sunflower seed yield are established Keywords: RICE CROP ROTATION, SUNFLOWER, MINERAL FERTILIZERS, SUM OF ACTIVE AIR TEMPERATURES, VIABILITY, CROP YIELD, OIL CONTENT

scholarly journals The effect of weather conditions and application of mineral fertilizers on quality indicators of Callistephus chinensis (L) Nees

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
T.I. Melnyk ◽  
O.V. Surgan
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Production Complex ◽  
Conducting Research

With the development of modern floral business, Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees is among the top three of the most popular crops, yielding only chrysanthemum and calendula in commercial cultivation. This is one of the most widespread seasonal decorative annual flower crops, which is beautifully cultivated in open ground, pots and bouquet flowers. The researches presented in the article were conducted in order to determine the influence of weather conditions during the growing season of C. chinensis on the research sites of the educational scientific-production complex of the Sumy National Agrarian University (Northeast Forest-steppe of Ukraine) and the effectiveness of the application of various norms of complex mineral fertilizers, introduced at the planting of seedlings into open ground, on the processes of growth, flowering and other qualitative characteristics of the five varieties. During the growing season, the climatic conditions of the region of conducting research, variety characteristics, and also the variability of the parameters of height, number and diameter of C. chinensis inflorescences of the varieties 'Olenka', 'Leleka', 'Litnia Nich', 'Tsarivna' and 'Yabluneva' were influenced by variability mode of mineral nutrition. Weather conditions of vegetation have an impact on the number and size of inflorescences. According to research results, it has been established that there is a certain relationship between the weather conditions of the year and the number of inflorescences. So, the increase in the amount of precipitation during the growing season contributes to the development of the vegetative mass, but also negatively affects the formation of the number of inflorescences C. chinensis. For most varieties, the optimal conditions for the development of the generative sphere were the normal conditions for moisture of the year, and for the 'Litnia Nich' variety it was dry. The greatest increase in height when fertilizing compared to control was observed by the variety 'Tsarivna' (15.9 %), the smallest - by the variety 'Olenka' (2.0 %). The formation of inflorescences of greater diameter by the plants of the varieties 'Olenka', 'Litnia Nich' and 'Tsarivna' was observed in 2016, and by the 'Leleka' and 'Yabluneva' varieties in 2017. For most varieties in 2015, the diameter of inflorescences was the smallest. Studies have shown that weather conditions do not have a significant effect on the diameter of inflorescence, unlike mineral nutrition. The diameter of the inflorescences was the highest in comparison with the control by the variety 'Olenka' (18.3%), the smallest - by the variety 'Tsarivna' (1.1 %). The most valuable morphological and decorative features of C. chinensis plants of the five varieties under study were formed according to the norms of complex mineral fertilizers (nitroamofoska) 6.0 g/m2. The further increase of norm was not appropriate.

EFFECT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON CROP QUALITY AND YIELD IN LONG-TERM STATIONARY EXPERIMENT IN THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE CIS-URALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
N.E. ZAVYALOVA ◽  
◽  
D.G. SHISHKOV
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather

A stationary field experiment carried out in 1978 on sod-podzolic heavy loamy soil (Eutric Albic Retisols (Abruptic, Loamic, Cutanic)) found that the application of mineral fertilizers in increasing doses led to acidification of the soil by the end of the fifth crop rotation in the arable layer with pH 5.6 when laying the experiment to pH 4.5 in the (NPK)150 variant. The use of NPK at 90–150 kg ai/ha contributed to the preservation of the initial humus level, an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus to 452 and exchangeable potassium to 403 mg/kg. The yield of cereals, potatoes and meadow clover in the crop rotation depended on hydrothermal conditions during the growing season of plants and the level of mineral nutrition. The yield of winter rye amounted to 4.51–4.85 t/ha and practically did not depend on the dose of fertilizers applied. As an NPK dose increased, the protein content in winter rye grain increased from 8.32% in the control samples to 11.57% in the samples with the maximum dose of the complex fertilizer. Potatoes produced a maximum yield (21.81 t/ha) when fertilized at a dose of 90 kg/ha. At increased doses of NPK in potato tubers, a decrease in starch content and an increase in nitrates above MAC were observed. The best indicators of yield (2.5 t/ha) and spring wheat quality were determined on options (NRK)60 and (NRK)90, the increase in control was 0.76–0.82 t/ha. The highest content of protein (18.41%) and gluten (37.48%) in wheat grain was determined by applying NPK at a rate of 60 kg ai/ha. High weediness of crops and adverse weather conditions did not provide for full implementation of the yield potential of meadow clover. In the conditions of the dry growing season of 2016, the maximum yield of barley was obtained by applying a full mineral fertilizer at a rate of 120–150 kg ai/ha (2.54–2.79 t/ha), the surplus to the option without the use of fertilizers was 0.99–1.24 t/ha (НСР05 = 0.15). The Stayer spring oats produced a maximum yield of 5.43 t/ha with NPK application at a rate of 90 kg ai/ha. The nitrogen content in the grain was very low and did not depend on the application of mineral fertilizers.

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