Nutritional conditions of plants during the growing season is one of the main factors aimed at realizing the genetic potential of sunflower hybrids for growing them in any soil and climatic conditions. Currently, it is important to study the genetic potential of domestic hybrids under different growing conditions in order to identify their competitiveness, which provides an increase in quality and yield of the crop. The use in the production of a significant range of complex microfertilizers on the background of the main fertilizer helps to increase the efficiency of plant use of nutrients of mineral fertilizers and soil, is one of the ways to increase crop yields and quality of agricultural products. Despite the relevance of sunflower as the main oil crop, the technology of its cultivation is not a perfect study, in addition, previous studies often contain conflicting indicators. An important place among the agronomic techniques aimed at increasing crop productivity belongs to the provision of optimal plant nutrition conditions during the growing season. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of culture conditions and selection of high-yielding hybrids (NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma) for specific soil and climatic conditions through the formation of their productivity. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of culture conditions and selection of high-yielding hybrids (NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma) for specific soil and climatic conditions through the formation of their productivity. The research was conducted during 2018–2019 on typical low-humus chernozems. The research program provided for the establishment of a three-factor field experiment, which studied hybrids (factor A) fertilizer options (factor B) and foliar fertilization of crops (factor B) in phase 4 and 8 sunflower leaves with Ecoline Bor, Nertus Bor, Bast Bor. The studied sunflower hybrids are NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma. The results of the research revealed significant changes in the diameter of the sunflower inflorescence under the influence of different nutritional conditions created by fertilizer options. The influence of hybrid characteristics also determined this indicator. Plants of the hybrid NK Diamantis formed baskets, the diameters of which varied from 17.6 to 21.2 cm, SI Kupava - from 18.8 to 22.1 cm, NK Neoma – from 17.2 to 21.6 cm. The maximum value was obtained on variant with the introduction of N36P56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (phase 4 and 8 leaves) in plants of the hybrid SI Kupava, which corresponded to 22.1 cm. The weight of 1 000 achenes belonging to genetically determined traits of culture, in plants of the hybrid NK Diamantis, depending on the fertilizer variant varied from 59.3 to 62.3 g, SI Kupava from 69.8 to 74.0 g, NK Neoma from 68.8 to 72.6 g. The maximum value was provided by the variant with the use of N36P56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (phase 4 and 8 leaves). Studies have shown that the most productive was the hybrid SI Kupava with the maximum yield on the variant with the use of N36P56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (in phase 4 and 8 leaves of 1 l / ha) – 3.46 t per ha.
Optimization of sunflower hybrids performance with the use of various doses of mineral fertilizers on the rice pads of Kalmykia
