scholarly journals Sunflower productivity dependence on inter-row cultivation methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012034
Author(s):  
V Yu Misyuryaev ◽  
N I Semina ◽  
D V Semin ◽  
M A Sadovnikov ◽  
E Yu Dolgov
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Promising Direction ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Biological Yield

Abstract Currently using the system Clearfield combined with other technologies of cultivation, given the state of the fields, soil and climatic conditions, the availability of soil mineral nutrients is a promising direction in the cultivation of sunflower in the Lower Volga region. In this regard, the experience of studying various technologies of cultivation for sunflower hybrids was laid on ordinary chernozems. The highest biological yield on average for 2015-2017 was created in the hybrid Mowgli with the herbicide Eurolighting fungicide Pictor with the introduction of liquid complex fertilizer in the phase of 2-4 leaves at the rate of 120 l/ha. On average, it was 2.57 t/ha in terms of repetitions. The lowest biological yield of sunflower was obtained from the Bosphorus hybrid with the herbicide Gezagard and the fungicide Thanos without the use of mineral fertilizers and was 1.61 t/ha. According to the factor B “Mineral fertilizers” in the control variants the average yield was 1.55 t/ha. In the variants with the introduction of NP (12:52) 80 kg/ha of ammophos, the average yield was 1.99 t/ha. In the variants with spraying in the phase of 5-6 leaves of liquid complex fertilizer NP (11:37) 120 l/ha, the average yield was 2.13 t/ha.

scholarly journals Identification of the photosynthetic potential of spring oat varieties in the Lower Volga Re-gion

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Nina Alekseevna Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential

In 2017-2019, in the agro-climatic conditions of the Lower Volga region, the experience of studying spring oat varieties of different ecological and geographical origin from the world collection of VIR was laid, in order to determine their photosynthetic potential, and to identify varieties with high photosynthetic productivity. Over the years of research, the most adapted varieties of this crop were selected, their photosynthetic potential was determined, and the intensity of photosynthesis during the reproductive period of development (during the main growth phases) of spring oats in the conditions of the Lower Volga region was analyzed. On average, for 3 years of studying the collection varieties of spring oats in terms of the net productivity of photosynthesis, samples were noted: Myrtle, Athlete, Urs guara, Urs penca, p. 1. 3326 It was determined that with the growth of (FP) and (BPF), the yield of oats also increased. Since this indicator directly depends on the physiological and bioclimatic processes occurring in plants during ontogenesis. In the highest yield in 2017, it varied from 0.66 to 2.01 / ha. In 2018, the minimum yield values for all varieties were obtained from 0.51 t / ha of the Dookie 10 variety to 1.78 t / ha of the Mir variety. In the conditions of 2019, the yield variability by variety was from 0.60 t / ha to 1.94 t / ha. Thus, out of the 8 studied varieties, 5 were identified - p.1. 3326, Guara Urs, Urs foam, Athlete, Myrtle, as highly productive, and therefore the most resistant to abiotic stresses of the conditions of the Lower Volga region.

scholarly journals Mineral and organic fertilization efficiency in long-term stationary experiments

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Černý ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
K. Čásová K ◽  
V. Nedvěd
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Organic Fertilization

In long-term stationary experiments under different soil-climatic conditions, an influence of mineral and organic fertilization on yield of winter wheat, spring barley and potato tubers was evaluated. Statistically significantly lowest grain yields of winter wheat (4.00 t/ha) and spring barley (2.81 t/ha) were obtained in non-fertilized plots at all experimental sites. In the case of potatoes, the lowest yield of dry matter (5.71 t/ha) was recorded in the control plot, but the result was not statistically significant. The manure-fertilized plot gave the average yield of wheat higher by 30%, of barley by 22%. Application of sewage sludge resulted in wheat yield higher by 41% and barley yield higher by 26% over control. On average, application of sewage sludge and manure increased the yield of potatoes by 30% over control. The highest yield was obtained after application of mineral fertilizers; average yield increased by 59, 50 and 36% in winter wheat, spring barley and potatoes, respectively. No statistically significant differences among the plots with mineral fertilizers were observed. At different sites, the yield of studied crops varied; however, the effect of fertilization on yield increments was similar at all experimental sites except for Lukavec. It is the site with the lowest natural soil fertility, and it showed the highest effect of the applied fertilizers.

scholarly journals Efficiency of fertilizing in sunflower cultivation technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
L.A. Garbar ◽  
◽  
U. Lishchuk ◽  
N.I. Dovbash ◽  
N.V. Knap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

Nutritional conditions of plants during the growing season is one of the main factors aimed at realizing the genetic potential of sunflower hybrids for growing them in any soil and climatic conditions. Currently, it is important to study the genetic potential of domestic hybrids under different growing conditions in order to identify their competitiveness, which provides an increase in quality and yield of the crop. The use in the production of a significant range of complex microfertilizers on the background of the main fertilizer helps to increase the efficiency of plant use of nutrients of mineral fertilizers and soil, is one of the ways to increase crop yields and quality of agricultural products. Despite the relevance of sunflower as the main oil crop, the technology of its cultivation is not a perfect study, in addition, previous studies often contain conflicting indicators. An important place among the agronomic techniques aimed at increasing crop productivity belongs to the provision of optimal plant nutrition conditions during the growing season. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of culture conditions and selection of high-yielding hybrids (NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma) for specific soil and climatic conditions through the formation of their productivity. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of culture conditions and selection of high-yielding hybrids (NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma) for specific soil and climatic conditions through the formation of their productivity. The research was conducted during 2018–2019 on typical low-humus chernozems. The research program provided for the establishment of a three-factor field experiment, which studied hybrids (factor A) fertilizer options (factor B) and foliar fertilization of crops (factor B) in phase 4 and 8 sunflower leaves with Ecoline Bor, Nertus Bor, Bast Bor. The studied sunflower hybrids are NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma. The results of the research revealed significant changes in the diameter of the sunflower inflorescence under the influence of different nutritional conditions created by fertilizer options. The influence of hybrid characteristics also determined this indicator. Plants of the hybrid NK Diamantis formed baskets, the diameters of which varied from 17.6 to 21.2 cm, SI Kupava - from 18.8 to 22.1 cm, NK Neoma – from 17.2 to 21.6 cm. The maximum value was obtained on variant with the introduction of N36P56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (phase 4 and 8 leaves) in plants of the hybrid SI Kupava, which corresponded to 22.1 cm. The weight of 1 000 achenes belonging to genetically determined traits of culture, in plants of the hybrid NK Diamantis, depending on the fertilizer variant varied from 59.3 to 62.3 g, SI Kupava from 69.8 to 74.0 g, NK Neoma from 68.8 to 72.6 g. The maximum value was provided by the variant with the use of N36P56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (phase 4 and 8 leaves). Studies have shown that the most productive was the hybrid SI Kupava with the maximum yield on the variant with the use of N36P56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (in phase 4 and 8 leaves of 1 l / ha) – 3.46 t per ha.

scholarly journals The Poa bulbosa L. Reproductive Strategy in the Steppe Phytocenoses of the Lower Volga Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Elmira I. Kaybeleva ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina A. Arkhipova ◽  
Olga I. Yudakova ◽  
Maxim Yu. Voronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Mediterranean Flora ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Lower Volga

Poa bulbosa L. is a native cereal of the European and Mediterranean flora and an invasive species in North America. The study of its reproductive strategy in different environmental and climatic conditions is important for the development of effective methods of containment and prevention of invasions. Plants of two coenopopulations were investigated embryologically. In addition, the morphology of reproductive organs was analyzed in 175 herbarium specimens collected in the flora of the Lower Volga region from 1919 to 2017. It was found that in the steppe phytocenoses of the Lower Volga region P. bulbosa reproduce mainly vegetatively by basal bulbs and pseudoviviparous bulblets. Rarely, seed mode reproduction in the form of facultative apomixis is realized. There was no dependence of the mode of reproduction (pseudovivipary / seed reproduction) on the date of growing season beginning and on the average temperature in the period from the beginning of the growing season to flowering. The effectiveness of pseudovivipary is low due to the aridity of the Lower Volga region climate. Bulblets germinate in inflorescences and then dry. This holds back the P. bulbosa wider distribution in the studied region.

scholarly journals Agrotechnical methods of alfalfa cultivation for seeds under irrigation conditions in the Lower Volga region

2020 ◽  
Vol 201 (10) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Burceva
Keyword(s):  
Farm Animals ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Legumes play a leading role in providing farm animals with high-quality and highly nutritious feed, while in the Lower Volga region, the traditional alfalfa crop plays a leading role. The productivity of alfalfa in production conditions is only a tenth of its potential. The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of reduced seeding rates, varietal characteristics, seeding time and use of siderates instead of mineral fertilizers on the seed productivity of the crop. The field experience included 2 terms of sowing – spring and summer, 3 variants of the soil nutrient regime: the natural background of nutrition and plowing of two types of sideral mixtures (sunflower + vetch and oats + radish); three variants of the density of herbage (40, 80 and 400 thousand plants/ha). Observations were made on three varieties of alfalfa (Leninskaya mestnaya, Vega 87 and Unitro). Records and observations were made in accordance with the generally accepted methods of experimental work. Results and practical significance. As a result of research, a favorable influence of sideral masses on the formation of a symbiotic apparate on alfalfa roots was revealed. In comparison with the natural background of nutrition, the number of nodules significantly increased in the variants with the plowing of siderates. The yield of seed alfalfa was also influenced by the density of sowing. More productive organs were formed in sparse grass stands, which contributed to an increase in the collection of seeds. The use of sideral mixtures also had a positive effect on productive shoot formation. The number of stems, brushes and seeds in the bean was 25–30 % more than in the control. Summer sowing favourably affected the seed productivity of alfalfa, its indicators were 1.2–1.6 times higher than the data obtained from the grass stands of the spring sowing season. Scientific novelty. For the irrigated conditions of the Lower Volga region, a comprehensive assessment of the participation of the main agrotechnical techniques in the implementation of alfalfa seed productivity is given: terms, methods and seeding rates with the use of siderates for soil fertilization.

scholarly journals Productivity of oilseed flax depending on the use of pesticides and agrochemicals in the conditions of the Lower Volga region

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Nikolay Yurievich Petrov ◽  
Anna Grigorievna Borisova ◽  
Ivan Dmitrievich Eskov ◽  
Olga Lvovna Tenyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Presowing Treatment ◽  
Flax Seeds ◽  
Positive Effect

In the course of the research, the effect of dressing oil flax seeds (varieties VNIIMK 620 and Rucheyok) with an insect-fungicidal tank mixture on the preservation of crops from diseases and a complex of phytophages (in particular, flax flea beetles), and an increase in seed yield was revealed.  The presented agrotechnical and protective measures aimed at reducing the degree of infection and spread of fusarium (Fusarium lini Boll and Fusarium spp.) of the number of flax fleas (Aphthona, family Chrysomelidae).  The introduction of well-grounded methods of using fertilizers contributes not only to the growth and development of crops, increasing yields and quality of seeds, but also contributes to the preservation of soil fertility.  Presowing treatment of flax seeds with an insect-fungicidal tank mixture, followed by the introduction of mineral fertilizers N60P30K30 for cultivation, not only created a better protection of crops from disease and a decrease in the damage to the crop by infection in seeds, but also had a positive effect on seed yield.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF THE CUCUMBER COLLECTION FOR RESISTANCE TO DOWNY MILDEW IN THE LOWER VOLGA REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Sukhanberdina ◽  
A. A. Grushin ◽  
T. M. Piskunova
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
New Cultivars

Background. Currently, the most widespread and harmful disease of cucumber is downy mildew. In this regard, a vitally important trend in cucumber breeding is the development of new cultivars, more resistant to downy mildew, for cultivation in different regions. Solution to this problem requires searching for donors of resistance for use in breeding practice.Materials and methods. The studies were conducted at Volgograd Experiment Station of VIR using conventional methods. The material for the screening was the collection of cucumber genetic resources held by VIR.Results and conclusions. During 32 years of work, 2873 cucumber accessions from VIR’s holdings were screened. As a result, 57 accessions with resistance or relative resistance to downy mildew were identified, i. e. 2.0% of the total number studied. Immune accessions were not found. Among the selected accessions, those with the highest yield are noteworthy: landraces from Azerbaijan (temp. k-3999 and temp. k-4004) as well as the cultivars from China ‘Zungsungerum-oi’ (temp. k-3701), ‘Tianin mini cucumber’ (k-4490), ‘Tian Uzin Yao No. 5’ (temp. k-3840) and ‘Tian Uzin Yang No. 6’ (temp. k-3841). Of the resistant and relatively resistant accessions, 76% were from Southeast Asia. During the years of study, 23 accessions, previously resistant to downy mildew, lost their resistance and suffered severe damage from the disease. Hence, it seems obvious that resistant accessions should be periodically retested for susceptibility to downy mildew. Twenty accessions were selected to form a group of tolerant ones. Of these, ‘Yeo leam sam chuk oi’ (k-4545), ‘Crispy Top F1’ (temp. k-3549) and ‘Pchelka F1’ (temp. k-3981) had the highest average yield.

scholarly journals The effect of microbiological fertilizer and plant stand on the yield of corn hybrids grain in the Lower Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Aleksandrovna Gudova ◽  
Valeriy Ivanovich Zhuzhukin ◽  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Zaytsev ◽  
Dmitriy Petrovich Volkov ◽  
Anastasiya Aleksandrovna Geraskina
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Factor C

The results of studies of the three-factor experiment, which allows determining the effects of the microbiological fertilizer Extrasol (factor C) and plant stand (factor B) on the yield of corn hybrids (factor A), are presented. It was established that in 2014, an early ripening hybrid Ross 197 MW had a higher average yield - 5.46 t/ha. In 2015 and 2016, middle-early ripening hybrid Ross 299 MW was more productive – 6.85 and 5.97 t/ha respectively. During the experiment, middle-late hybrid STK 175MV did not realize the potential yield due to lack of moisture during the growing season. Hybrids have a tendency to increase grain yield with an increase in the number of plants per unit area. The grain yield by factor B in 2014 was 3.23–7.25 t/ha; in 2015 – 3,80–8,41 t/ha; in 2016 - 3.91–6.19 t/ha. The variability of the sign “grain yield” in 2014 and 2015 was influenced by factor B (plant stand) - 79.0 and 82.30%, respectively. In 2016, the influence of factor B was slightly lower - 47.0%, but at the same time the influence of factor A (hybrid) increased - 33.6%. 

scholarly journals Productivity of crops in rainfed conditions on light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Yulia Aleksandrovna Laptina ◽  
Nikolay Alekseevich Bugreev ◽  
Elena Aleksandrovna Sharapova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Rainfed Conditions

The article presents the results of three years of field research on studying of influence of ways of the basic processing of soil and systems of applied fertilizers on productivity of grain crops. The experiment considered winter wheat, cultivated on black steam, and is itself a precursor to the Sudanese grass. Three variants of the main tillage and four variants of the use of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of winter wheat varieties of local selection of reed 3 were studied. Field experiments were conducted at the STC of Volgograd state University "Gornaya Polyana" on light chestnut soils from 2016 to 2019. As a result of studying the productivity of winter wheat in rainfed conditions on light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region, it was found that the maximum values of biometric indicators, elements of the structure of the crop, biological and economic productivity were obtained during its cultivation by deep chisel processing by the working bodies of the "Ranch" with the use of ammophos and potassium chloride during sowing and early spring feeding with ammonium nitrate. The minimum values of biometric indicators, elements of the structure of the crop, biological and economic productivity are obtained by cultivating it on a small disk processing without the use of fertilizers.

scholarly journals Productivity of sunflower hybrids in terms of different mineral nutrition in arid conditions of the lower Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Gennadyevich Subbotin ◽  
Anatoliy Phedorovich Druzhkin ◽  
Anatoly Petrovich Solodovnikov ◽  
Gennadiy Nikolaevich Popov ◽  
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Letuchiy
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Early Ripening

The article presents the results of experimental work on assessing the yield of sunflower hybrids of different ripeness groups when the levels of mineral nutrition change in the arid conditions of the Lower Volga region. It was found out  that due to a small amount of vegetation precipitation and an acute moisture deficit in the second half of the growing season, the highest yield of oilseeds in the Saratov Left Bank is formed by hybrids of early maturing sunflower groups. Of the studied hybrids, the early ripening hybrid Svetlana (2.43 t / ha) was distinguished by the highest yield in arid conditions, the mid-early - EU Savana (2.02 t / ha) and the mid-season - EU Generalis SL (2.14 t / ha). It was revealed that the content of fat in oilseeds increases markedly from early maturing to mid-early and then mid-season sunflower hybrids - from 46.2–52.9 to 48.6–54.4 and up to 51.2–55.4%, respectively. At the same time, the maximum oil content was in variants  with the application of mineral fertilizers.

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