scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF FIELD ISOLATES OF THE GENUS TRICHODERMA TO HERBICIDES

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-171
Author(s):  
R.M. Potekhina ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Growth Characteristic ◽  
Exposure Control ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Color Structure ◽  
Combined Use

The aim of the research is to study the morphological changes of fungi of the genus Trichoderma when using glyphosate at intervals of 24, 48, 96 hours. Isolated isolates of T.koningii, T.veride, T.harzianum, T.asperellum diluted in an aqueous extract at a dilution of 106 were extracted in a 10 % preparation of glyphor (the active ingredient is glyphosate). After each 24, 48, 96-hour exposure, control seeding was carried out on agarized Czapek media. After incubation at a temperature of 23 0C, visual inspection and microscopy of fungal colonies were carried out, taking into account the color, structure and consistency of conidia. The fungus of the genus T. koningii was more susceptible to chemical action, which was manifested by a change in mycelium growth, characteristic ragged conidiophores, and a decrease in the number of acospores on Czapek's nutrient medium. T.asperellum under the influence of the herbicide after 48 hours changed the shape of the conidia, the walls of the conidiophores decreased, upon visual examination after 48-96 hours the color of the fungus colonies was transparent, slightly whitish. The isolate of T.harzianum proved to be the most resistant to glyphosate, which was capable of rapid mycelium recovery after 48 h. Thus, with the combined use of biological products based on fungi of the genus Trichoderma and herbicides based on glyphosate, the action of the former can be slowed down, which should be taken into account in their development and application.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of Fluorescence Methods, Visual Inspection and Photographic Visual Examination in Initial Caries Lesion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Mai Thi Giang Thanh ◽  
Ngo Van Toan ◽  
Do Thi Thanh Toan ◽  
Nguyen Phu Thang ◽  
Ngoc Quang Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Initial Caries

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy of fluorescence-based methods, visual inspections, and photographic visual examinations in initial caries detection. A literature search was undertaken in the PubMed and Cochrane databases. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and eligible articles published from 1 January 2009 to 30 October 2019 were included if they met the following criteria: they (1) assessed the accuracy of methods of detecting initial tooth caries lesions on occlusal, proximal, or smooth surfaces in both primary and permanent teeth (in clinical); (2) used a reference standard; (3) reported data regarding the sample size, prevalence of initial tooth caries, and accuracy of the methods. Data collection and extraction, quality assessment, and data analysis were conducted according to Cochrane standards Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 14.0. A total of 12 eligible articles were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence-based methods were 80% and 80%, respectively; visual inspection was measured at 80% and 75%, respectively; photographic visual examination was measured at 67% and 79%, respectively. We found that the visual method and the fluorescence method were reliable for laboratory use to detect early-stage caries with equivalent accuracy.

scholarly journals Combined Use of 3D Metric Survey and GPR for the Diagnosis of the Trapezophoros with Two Griffins Attacking a Doe of Ascoli Satriano (Foggia, Italy)

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Marilena Cozzolino ◽  
Andrea Di Meo ◽  
Vincenzo Gentile ◽  
Paolo Mauriello ◽  
Enza Zullo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Noninvasive Techniques ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Protection and conservation are not feasible without a deeper knowledge of the cultural heritage of the subject of intervention. A careful analysis of documentation, a detailed visual inspection of surfaces, and a systematic diagnosis of the inner properties are the basis for planning preventive strategies of restoration. Digital noninvasive techniques represent an advantageous tool with useful outputs to estimate the state of health of cultural heritage in order to minimize the progress of degradation. This paper deals with a 3D metric survey through photogrammetry and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) tests applied to the study of the trapezophoros with two griffins attacking a doe of Ascoli Satriano, a masterpiece of ancient art that needs to be protected. This work provided information on both visible and hidden defects, such as numerous cracks that affect the sculpture.

scholarly journals Resistance to Benzimidazole and Dicarboximide Fungicides in Greenhouse Isolates of Botrytis cinerea

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Yourman ◽  
S. N. Jeffers
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Conidium Germination ◽  
The Mean

In 1996 and 1997, 325 isolates of Botrytis cinerea were collected from 35 commercial greenhouses growing ornamental crops in South Carolina to determine the incidence of resistance to benzimidazole and dicarboximide fungicides. Conidium germination was assessed on a defined agar medium amended with either thiophanate-methyl (a benzimidazole) or vinclozolin (a di-carboximide). A total of 53 representative isolates were evaluated further for conidium germination and mycelium growth on fungicide-amended medium and for infection of geranium seedlings treated with thiophanate-methyl or vinclozolin at label rates. Isolates were considered sensitive to thiophanate-methyl or vinclozolin when the effective concentration of the fungicide active ingredient resulting in 50% inhibition of germination (EC50-germ) was ≤5 μg/ml or when the effective concentration of fungicide active ingredient resulting in 50% inhibition of mycelium growth (EC50-growth) was ≤1 μg/ml. Of all isolates, 81% (262/325) were resistant to thiophanate-methyl and 69% (223/325) were resistant to vinclozolin. Four phenotypes were observed: sensitive to both fungicides (17%), resistant to both fungicides (67%), resistant only to thiophanate-methyl (14%), and resistant only to vinclozolin (2%). Isolates resistant to at least one fungicide were found in 33 of the 35 locations from which samples were taken. Disease incidences on geranium seedlings treated with 600 μg/ml of thiophanate-methyl and then inoculated with isolates sensitive and resistant to this fungicide were 1.4 and 96.1%, respectively. Disease incidences on geranium seedlings treated with 600 μg/ml of vinclozolin and then inoculated with isolates sensitive and resistant to this fungicide were 0.3 and 91.9%, respectively. With thiophanate-methyl, correlation coefficients (r) between disease incidence and log EC50-germ or log EC50-growth were 0.987 and 0.992, respectively. With vinclozolin, correlation coefficients between disease incidence and log EC50-germ and log EC50-growth were 0.975 and 0.893, respectively. Correlation coefficients between the two EC50 values for thiophanate-methyl were 0.989 and for vinclozolin were 0.900. Isolates sensitive to thiophanate-methyl had a mean EC50-germ value of 0.93 μg/ml and a EC50-growth value of 0.11 μg/ml. For isolates sensitive to vinclozolin the mean EC50-germ value was 1.63 μg/ml and the mean EC50-growth value was 0.26 μg/ml. Thiophanate-methyl-resistant isolates had mean EC50-germ and EC50-growth values greater than 500 μg/ml while vinclozolin-resistant isolates had a mean EC50-germ value greater than 500 μg/ml and a mean EC50-growth value of 3.18 μg/ml.

The Action of Formaldehyde on Living Cells as Studied by Phase-contrast Microscopy

1951 ◽  
Vol s3-92 (20) ◽  
pp. 403-452
Author(s):  
C. N.C. CRAWFORD ◽  
R. BARER
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusion ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Phase Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Constant Observation

The morphological changes occurring when living cells are fixed in neutralized formaldehyde have been studied in detail with phase-contrast microscopy. The cells used were (i) salamander spermatogonia obtained from the teased testis, and (2) ssnail amoebocytes growing in tissue culture. The cells were mounted on a slide beneath a coverslip ringed with paraffin wax. Various strengths of formaldehyde made up in saline or distilled water were then introduced while the cells were kept under constant observation by phase-contrast microscopy. The morphological changes during the fixation process were observed for periods of at least 24 hours and the results recorded photographically. The main changes observed with aqueous formaldehyde were: A. Cell swelling or shrinkage. In general (e.g. with 5 per cent, formaldehyde) the cell tended to undergo (1) an initial short period of shrinkage, (2) a period of re-expansion followed by swelling, (3) a period of secondary shrinkage. The initial shrinkage appeared less in the amoebocytes than in the spermatogonia, but otherwise their volume changes were fairly similar. If the strength of formaldehyde was below 5 per cent, the initial shrinkage was very slight and subsequent swelling great. With 1 per cent, formaldehyde, sudden collapse of the cell followed swelling. With formalde-hyde concentrations above 10 per cent, the initial shrinkage was greater and was followed by little or no swelling. B. Formation of ‘bubbles’ from the cells. Clear bubble-like structures often emerged from the spermatogonia during fixation. They were most frequently formed in 5 per cent, formaldehyde. Increasing the strength of the formaldehyde decreased both the number and size of the ‘bubbles’. It is suggested that they may represent an escape of substance through a damaged cell boundary. Similar bubble-like swellings formed in the amoebocytes, but they usually seemed to remain within the cell processes. C. Nuclear changes. Changes in the size of the nucleus ran approximately parallel with those of the cell, but tended to be somewhat less and with different time relation-ships. With swelling the nucleoplasm became more homogeneous and with gross swelling the heterochromatic bodies disappeared. After prolonged fixation, when the nucleus may have undergone secondary shrinkage, pre-existing nuclear opacities became denser and new opacities sometimes appeared in previously homogeneous regions. Bubbles sometimes emerged from the nucleus. D. Changes in cytoplasmic structure. In general with prolonged fixation a fine granularity or reticular opacities formed in previously homogeneous cytoplasm. Clear vacuoles also appeared in the cytoplasm after fixation in the more concentrated solutions. The cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were usually well preserved and their appearance little altered. With formaldehyde made up in saline as opposed to water the initial shrinkage was increased and the subsequent swelling reduced. This effect was most pronounced with dilute formaldehyde. The addition of saline seemed to have little influence on changes in nuclear and cytoplasmic texture, and bubbling, though less in degree, still occurred. The significance of these observations is discussed in the light of modern views on the physico-chemical action of formaldehyde.

The clinical EEG and personality in mentally abnormal offenders

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Howard
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Personality Assessments ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Slow Activity ◽  
Special Hospital ◽  
Clinical Eeg ◽  
Eeg Features

SynopsisA retrospective survey was undertaken of the clinical EEG in a series of consecutive admissions to Broadmoor Special Hospital (N = 265). Following reporting of the records by visual inspection, the EEGs were classified according to 4 descriptive categories: predominantly monorhythmic; low voltage fast, ‘choppy’ dysrhythmic with excess theta; and dysrhythmic with paroxysmal features. The last 3 categories constituted EEG patterns with atypical or anomalous features. The EEGs of patients with high scores on Welsh's MMPI Anxiety scale (‘withdrawers’) were compared with those of patients with low scores (‘approachers’). Lateralization of paroxysmal EEG features was studied with reference to MMPI personality measures (Blackburn's Impulsivity and Sociability and Welsh's Anxiety), legal diagnosis, type of offence, and relationship to victim. The EEGs were studied in a further sample of 29 admissions who had been assessed, using Hare's Research Scale for the Assessment of Psychopathy (Hare, 1980). While the overall incidence of atypical EEG features reported in the present study (around 60% of cases) was comparable with that reported previously for offender populations, they occurred significantly more frequently in ‘withdrawers’ than in ‘approachers’. This suggests that the high frequency of atypical EEG features in abnormal offenders may be due to the preponderance of ‘withdrawers’ in this population. Patients who had committed violent offences against strangers, as opposed to people known to them, tended to have bilateral paroxysmal features in their EEG. High scores on Hare's Psychopathy scale were significantly associated with prominent Posterior Temporal Slow Activity. The study offers some prospect that the combined use of EEG and personality assessments may be of potential value in the assessment of dangerousness.

Neural Network Simulation of Visual Inspection of Graphs of Single-Subject Interventions

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Gilpin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Neural Network Simulation ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Better Than

Judgments of the effectiveness of single-subject behavioral interventions are often based on visual examination of graphs of response data, but previous research indicates that such judgments are often unreliable and flawed. Here it is proposed that artificial neural networks could be developed to simulate the judgments of expert judges. A prototype of such a network was designed and trained in the present study, and its use in novel experiments matched the estimates of the expert whose judgments were simulated significantly better than did a prediction equation developed using a multiple regression approach.

EXPRESS: Uninterpretable cerebrospinal fluid absorbance scans caused by antibiotic therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1177_0004563221
Author(s):  
Jan Miller
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Apparent Decrease ◽  
Potential Clinical Impact ◽  
Absorbance Curve

Background The revised national guidelines for analysis of cerebrospinal fluid for bilirubin in suspected subarachnoid haemorrhage (UK) provide an objective means of assessing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples to determine risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). The guidelines are intended for general use, but samples rendered uninterpretable due to the presence of the antibiotic doxycycline have been described. Here, further cases of antibiotic- based interference, and their implications, are presented. Methods An archival search of CSF spectra performed at Hallands County Hospital Halmstad was performed for the years 2011 and 2016- 2019 in an attempt to locate instances of interference. Each case of suspected interference was further investigated with in vitro reproduction experiments as a means of confirmation and assessment of potential clinical impact. Results A total of 10 cases of CSF curve interference were discovered: 6 due to doxycycline, 3 due to metronidazole and 1 due to tetracycline. Interference due to the tetracycline class was revealed through in vitro experimentation to cause an apparent decrease in the sample’s net bilirubin absorbance(NBA); the presence of xanthochromia on visual inspection was, however, conserved. Conclusions The problem of CSF absorbance curve interference might be more common than previously suspected. Due to the potential NBA- lowering effect of tetracyclines, the author recommends visual examination of CSF samples in every case.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of ICDAS II coding for occlusal caries using magnification: an in-vitro study

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Sathyanarayanan R. ◽  
Carounanidy Usha ◽  
Sudhagar R.
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Icdas Ii

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Pit and fissure caries presents diagnostic challenges due to its anatomical complexity and fluoride exposure. ICDAS II is a coding system for caries detection using clinical visual inspection. It identifies carious lesions by the change in colour, texture and surface integrity. Magnification might facilitate better detection of the lesions by enhancing the visual acuity. Thus, the objective of this study is to compare the reliability and validity of ICDAS II in detection of occlusal caries, with and without magnification, by using histological standard</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">This single blinded, randomized study included 334 unrestored extracted human premolars and molars. Two examiners independently scored pit and fissure caries status using ICDAS II criteria without magnification and later under 6 x magnification using surgical microscope. The samples were sectioned and lesions were scored using the ERK histological criteria, under Stereo microscope. The scores of the examiners were correlated with the histological scoring. Kappa statistics and Spearman correlation coefficients were performed. Optimal sensitivity, specificity of visual and enhanced visual examination was calculated by Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC). Likelihood ratios (LR) were also calculated. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The kappa values for Inter examiner reproducibility of visual and enhanced visual examination under microscope were 0.638-0.694 and for histological examination it was 0.979. Intra examiner reproducibility for visual and enhanced visual examination was 0.665 – 0.594. There was a strong relationship between visual, enhanced visual and histological examinations. Spearman’s correlation coefficient of ICDAS-II visual and enhanced visual examination for each examiner, to ERK histological scores was 0.869-0.848. The sensitivity and LR+ for visual and enhanced visual examination was decreased as the ICDAS score was increased and specificity and LR- increased with increased ICDAS score</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Reliability and validity of ICDAS scoring in detecting occlusal caries under magnification did not differ from clinical visual inspection</span><span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p>

scholarly journals Design and Experimental Evaluation of an Aerial Solution for Visual Inspection of Tunnel-like Infrastructures

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Bianca Bendris ◽  
Julián Cayero Becerra
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Railway Tunnel ◽  
Trajectory Length ◽  
Planning Algorithm ◽  
Inspection And Maintenance ◽  
Path Planning Algorithm

Current railway tunnel inspections rely on expert operators performing a visual examination of the entire infrastructure and manually annotating encountered defects. Automatizing the inspection and maintenance task of such critical and aging infrastructures has the potential to decrease the associated costs and risks. Contributing to this aim, the present work describes an aerial robotic solution designed to perform autonomous inspections of tunnel-like infrastructures. The proposed robotic system is equipped with visual and thermal sensors and uses an inspection-driven path planning algorithm to generate a path that maximizes the quality of the gathered data in terms of photogrammetry goals while optimizing the surface coverage and the total trajectory length. The performance of the planning algorithm is demonstrated in simulation against state-of-the-art methods and a wall-following inspection trajectory. Results of a real inspection test conducted in a railway tunnel are also presented, validating the whole system operation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document