Canopy-tree influences along a soil parent material gradient in Pinus ponderosa-Quercus gambelii forests, northern Arizona

AbstractDue to the special sensitivity of typical ecologically fragile areas, a series of human life, mining, and other activities have a greater impact on the environment. In this study, three coal mines in Ordos City on the Loess Plateau were selected as the study area, and the pollution levels of heavy metals in the area were studied by measuring As, Hg, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb in the soil of 131 sampling points. Combined with the concept of “co-occurrence network” in biology, the level of heavy metals in soil was studied using geostatistics and remote sensing databases. The results showed that the concentrations of Hg, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Pb in more than half of the sampling points were higher than the local environmental background value, but did not exceed the risk control value specified by China, indicating that human factors have a greater influence, while Cd and As elements are mainly affected Soil parent material and human factors influence. Heavy metal elements have nothing to do with clay and silt but have an obvious correlation with gravel. Cd, Pb, As and Ni, Cd, Cr are all positively correlated, and different heavy metals are in space The distribution also reflects the autocorrelation, mainly concentrated in the northeast of the TS mining area and the middle of the PS mining area.

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Germination, Establishment, and Mortality of Naturally Seeded Southwestern Ponderosa Pine

Western Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/wjaf/18.2.109 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 109-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Steven J. Stein ◽

Diana N. Kimberling

Keyword(s):

Pinus Ponderosa ◽

Ponderosa Pine ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Mortality Factors ◽

Seedling Mortality ◽

Prescribed Burns ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Northern Arizona ◽

Lepidopteran Larvae

Abstract Information on the mortality factors affecting naturally seeded conifer seedlings is becoming increasingly important to forest managers for both economic and ecological reasons. Mortality factors affecting ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings immediately following natural germination and through the following year were monitored in Northern Arizona. The four major mortality factors in temporal order included the failure of roots to establish in the soil (27%), herbivory by lepidopteran larvae (28%), desiccation (30%), and winterkill (10%). These mortality factors were compared among seedlings germinating in three different overstory densities and an experimental water treatment. Seedlings that were experimentally watered experienced greater mortality than natural seedlings due to herbivory (40%), nearly as much mortality due to the failure of roots to establish in the soil (20%), less mortality due to winterkill (5%), and no mortality due to desiccation. The seedling mortality data through time were summarized using survivorship curves and life tables. Our results suggest that managers should consider using prescribed burns to decrease the percentage of seedlings that die from failure of their roots to reach mineral soil and from attack by lepidopteran larvae. West. J. Appl. For. 18(2):109–114.

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The influence of forest site on rate and extent of soil compaction and profile disturbance of skid trails during ground-based harvesting

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x00-041 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 30 (8) ◽

pp. 1196-1205 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

J R Williamson ◽

W A Neilsen

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Forest Type ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Parent Material ◽

Forest Site ◽

Undisturbed Soil ◽

Soil Parent Material ◽

Wet Forests

Soil compaction has been considered a principal form of damage associated with logging, restricting root growth and reducing productivity. The rate and extent of soil compaction on skid trails was measured at six field locations covering a range of dry and wet forests. Data was collected for up to 21 passes of a laden logging machine. A similar extent of compaction, averaging 0.17 g·cm-3 increase in total soil bulk density (BD), was recorded for all field sites despite substantial site and soil differences. On average, 62% of the compaction in the top 10 cm of the soil occurred after only one pass of a laden logging machine. The environment under which soils had formed played a major role in determining the BD of the undisturbed soil. Compaction was strongly related to the original BD, forest type, and soil parent material. Soil strengths obtained in the field fell below levels found to restrict root growth. However, reduction in macropores, and the effect of that on aeration and drainage could reduce tree growth. On the wettest soils logged, machine forces displaced topsoils rather than causing compaction in situ. Recommended logging methods and implications for the development of sustainability indices are discussed.

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Soil Parent Material, Weathering, and Primary Particles

Soils in Natural Landscapes ◽

10.1201/b15574-3 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 13-34

Keyword(s):

Parent Material ◽

Soil Parent Material ◽

Primary Particles

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THE EFFECT OF DRAINAGE CONDITION ON THE REDOX POTENTIAL, LEACHATE COMPOSITION AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOIL PARENT MATERIAL STUDIED IN THE LABORATORY

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss60-017 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 121-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. A. McKeague ◽

C. F. Bentley

Keyword(s):

Redox Potential ◽

Water Table ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Parent Material ◽

Soil Material ◽

Soil Parent Material ◽

Leachate Analysis ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Leachate Composition ◽

Measurable Change

Plastic columns containing a calcareous clay loam soil parent material with and without ground aspen leaves at the surface were maintained under different drainage conditions for 32 months. Distilled water was added at regular intervals. Results of redox potential (Eh) measurements at four depths, leachate analysis and analysis of the soil material are presented.With water table to the surface and a layer of surface leaves, low Eh readings and appreciable iron movement resulted. In a column with fluctuating water table and surface leaves, raising the water table brought about a decrease in the Eh of the soil below the water table. Height of water table had no effect on the Eh of a column which had no leaves at the surface. In columns where the soil material was mixed with quartz sand, leaching brought about marked downward movement of silt and clay size particles. Apart from the removal of soluble salts, there was little measurable change in columns which had no admixture of sand.

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Effects of Soil Parent Material and Climate on the Performance of Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Sauvignon blanc and Cabernet Sauvignon - Part II. Climate, Leaf Analysis, Juice Analysis and Wine Quality

South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture ◽

10.21548/33-2-1117 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

Author(s):

L.P. Shange ◽

W.J. Conradie

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Parent Material ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Cabernet Sauvignon ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Sauvignon Blanc ◽

Leaf Analysis ◽

Soil Parent Material

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Ponderosa Pine Habitat Types as an Indicator of Site Quality in the Dixie National Forest, Utah

Western Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/wjaf/4.2.52 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 52-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David L. Verbyla ◽

Richard F. Fisher

Keyword(s):

Pinus Ponderosa ◽

Ponderosa Pine ◽

Tree Species ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Site Index ◽

Site Quality ◽

National Forest ◽

Habitat Types ◽

Quercus Gambelii ◽

Generally True

Abstract Forest habitat types have been purported to be useful indicators of site quality. This is generally true for habitat types with different dominant tree species. However, few have studied the site indicator value of habitat types with the same dominant tree species. We measured site index (base age 25) from 172 randomly selected plots within the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) zone of the Dixie National Forest, Utah. The range of site index within any one habitat type was broad. Poor sites occurred on all five habitat types. However, the best sites occurred only on the Pinus ponderosa/Symphoricarpos oreophilus and Pinus ponderosa/Quercus gambelii habitat types. Therefore, habitat type may be useful in predicting the best sites, but only if other site information is used in addition to habitat type. West. J. Appl. For. 4(2):52-54, April 1989.

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Verbenone Inhibits Attraction of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Pheromone-Baited Traps in Northern Arizona

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toaa192 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (6) ◽

pp. 3017-3020

Author(s):

Monica L Gaylord ◽

Stephen R McKelvey ◽

Christopher J Fettig ◽

Joel D McMillin

Keyword(s):

Aggregation Pheromone ◽

Pinus Ponderosa ◽

Ponderosa Pine ◽

Tree Mortality ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Northern Arizona ◽

Pine Engraver ◽

Baited Traps ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Recent outbreaks of engraver beetles, Ips spp. De Geer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Scolytinae), in ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm. (Pinales: Pinaceae), forests of northern Arizona have resulted in widespread tree mortality. Current treatment options, such as spraying individual P. ponderosa with insecticides or deep watering of P. ponderosa in urban and periurban settings, are limited in applicability and scale. Thinning stands to increase tree vigor is also recommended, but appropriate timing is crucial. Antiaggregation pheromones, widely used to protect high-value trees or areas against attacks by several species of Dendroctonus Erichson (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Scolytinae), would provide a feasible alternative with less environmental impacts than current treatments. We evaluated the efficacy of the antiaggregation pheromone verbenone (4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one) in reducing attraction of pine engraver, I. pini (Say), to funnel traps baited with their aggregation pheromone in two trapping assays. Treatments included 1) unbaited control, 2) aggregation pheromone (bait), 3) bait with verbenone deployed from a pouch, and 4) bait with verbenone deployed from a flowable and biodegradable formulation (SPLAT Verb, ISCA Technologies Inc., Riverside, CA). Unbaited traps caught no beetles. In both assays, baited traps caught significantly more I. pini than traps with either formulation of verbenone, and no significant difference was observed between the verbenone pouch and SPLAT Verb. In the second assay, we also examined responses of Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae), a common bark beetle predator. Traps containing verbenone pouches caught significantly fewer T. chlorodia than the baited control and SPLAT Verb treatments. We conclude that verbenone shows promise for reducing tree mortality from I. pini.

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