scholarly journals New dietary records for the Cuban Spotted Red Trope, Tropidophis maculatus (Squamata: Tropidophiidae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Tomás Rodríguez-Cabrera ◽  
L. García-Padrón ◽  
Javier Torres
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Juvenile Female ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Havana City

Tropidophis maculatus (Bibron, 1840) is a mesophilic snake inhabiting forest patches and open secondary scrub savannas in western and central Cuba (Schwartz & Henderson 1991; Rodríguez et al. 2013). The only dietary records for this species are the lizards Anolis angusticeps and A. alutaceus, for individuals from Havana city (Collette 1961). Herein we provide new data on the diet of wild T. maculatus. On 17 April 2010, we found a juvenile female Tropidophis maculatus (140 mm SVL) at Soroa (22.7960, -83.0060; 200 m a.s.l.), Candelaria Municipality, Artemisa Province. We found the snake at 1317 hours under a rock with a big stomach bulge (Fig. 1). It later regurgitated a partially digested male Anolis homolechis that had been swallowed head first (ca. 40 mm SVL; Fig. 2). The predominant vegetation in the area is semi-deciduous forest.

scholarly journals Role of Anthropogenic drivers in altering the forest community structure in a prime tiger habitat in central India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Dasgupta ◽  
Tapajit Bhattacharya ◽  
Prafulla Bhamburkar ◽  
Rahul Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Central India ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Individual Tree

Tropical forests are complex systems with heterogenous community assemblages often threatened under conservation conflicts. Herbivory and disturbances affect the diversity and species assemblages within forest patches having different disturbance regimes. We studied the change in plant community composition and structure under a disturbance gradient in the tropical dry deciduous forest of the corridor area between Nagzira-Navegaon Tiger reserve of central India. We tested the hypothesis that the plant community will change along the proximity gradient from the human settlement depending on the anthropogenic stress. We sampled 183 nested quadrat plots to collect data on species abundance and various disturbance parameters. Density, diversity, and Importance Value Index were calculated from the collected data on species abundance and girth at breast height (GBH) of individual tree species. We did multivariate analysis to assess the changes in species assemblage along the disturbance gradients. We found 76% dissimilarity between the plant communities in the three disturbance gradients from near to far from the villages perpetrated by the difference in mean abundance of species like Tectona grandis, Terminalia sp, and Largerstroemia parviflora. The anthropogenic factors significantly influence the density and diversity of tree species and regeneration classes. We found the abundance of regeneration class increased along the distance from the villages. The study intensifies the need for proper management and conservative approach to preserve the minimum diversity of the forest patches for its structural and functional contiguity as a corridor in the central India's highly susceptible and intricate corridor framework.

Properties of alluvial and non-alluvial soils in fragmented mixed deciduous forest patches in southern Québec, Canada

CATENA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 104254
Author(s):  
Diane Saint-Laurent ◽  
Lisane Arsenault-Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Mixed Deciduous Forest

Cellular slime molds in forest soils of eastern Canada

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1497-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Cavender
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Cellular Slime ◽  
Cellular Slime Molds ◽  
Boreal Forest Region

The occurrence and distribution of cellular slime molds in eastern Canada were investigated. Particular attention was given to boreal forest since there is no previous study of Acrasieae in soils of this forest formation. Four species, Dictyostelium mucoroides, D. minutum, Polysphondylium pallidum, and P. violaceum, are common in spruce–fir forest soils. Of these only D. mucoroides and D. minutum are constant and dominant. Numbers per unit of soil averaged higher than in other forest soil habitats investigated during the course of the author's researches. The relatively high densities, up to ca. 20 000/g, were limited to certain sites within a forest, probably where abundant bacteria exist, although this was not determined. Occasionally D. discoideum, D. lacteum, and Acytostelium leptosomum can also be found in the boreal forest region. Two other species, D. purpureum and D. polycephalum, were found only in deciduous forest. The distribution of Acrasieae probably extends well beyond the boreal forest proper into the hemiarctic of tundra–forest patches.

scholarly journals Calcium, snails, and birds: a case study

Web Ecology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mänd ◽  
V. Tilgar ◽  
A. Leivits
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Chicken Eggshell ◽  
Calcium Availability ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon

Abstract. Recent studies have shown that wild birds breeding in acidified areas have difficulties with obtaining sufficient calcium for their eggshells, and that the cause of it is the shortage of land snails. Many birds have to search for Ca-rich snail shells on a daily basis during egg production. Molluscs depend on litter calcium, which has decreased due to acidification of the environment. Calcium limitation may be a widespread phenomenon also in non-acidified, naturally Ca-poor areas. The problem is that while in the latter areas the time for development of specific adaptations may have been sufficient, then in acidified areas, on the contrary, calcium shortage is a recent phenomenon. Therefore, since the extent of calcium limitation in non-acidified areas is hard to derive from observational data, experimental approach is needed. We provide experimental evidence that specific calcium deficit does affect reproductive traits also in the birds breeding in naturally base-poor habitats. Our study was conducted in a heterogeneous woodland area in Estonia containing deciduous forest patches as well as base-poor pine forest with low snail abundance. Ca supplementation, using snail shell and chicken eggshell fragments, was carried out for pied flycatchers and great tits. Extra calcium affected positively several reproductive traits like egg volume and eggshell thickness, start of breeding, and fledglings’ parameters. The negative relationship between calcium availability and lay-date suggests that birds adjust their breeding tactics to conditions of Ca deficiency, for example, by postponing laying.

scholarly journals Role of Anthropogenic drivers in altering the forest community structure in a prime tiger habitat in central India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Dasgupta ◽  
Tapajit Bhattacharya ◽  
Prafulla Bhamburkar ◽  
Rahul Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Central India ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Forest Patches

Tropical forests are complex systems with heterogenous community assemblages often threatened under anthropogenic disturbances and grazing. We studied the change in plant community composition and structure under a disturbance gradient in the tropical dry deciduous forest of the corridor area between Nagzira-Navegaon Tiger reserve of central India. We tested the hypothesis that the plant community will change along the proximity gradient from the human settlement depending on the anthropogenic stress. We sampled 183 nested quadrat plots to collect data on species abundance and various disturbance parameters. Density, diversity, and Importance Value Index were calculated and multivariate analysis was done to assess the changes in species assemblage along the disturbance gradients. We found 76% overall dissimilarity between the plant communities in the three distance classes perpetrated by the difference in mean abundance of species like Tectona grandis, Terminalia sp, and Largerstroemia parviflora. The anthropogenic factors influence the density and diversity of tree species and regeneration classes. We found the abundance of regeneration class increased along the distance from the villages. The study intensifies the need for proper management and conservative approach to preserve the diversity of the forest patches for its structural and functional contiguity as a corridor in the central India's highly susceptible and intricate corridor framework.

scholarly journals Roosting behaviour of radio-tracked Tasmanian Masked Owls Tyto novaehollandiae castanops

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
David Young ◽  
◽  
Phil Bell ◽  
Nick Mooney ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Juvenile Female ◽  
The Core ◽  
Tree Hollows ◽  
Tree Hollow

Roost-sites and roosting behaviour are described for a juvenile female, an adult female and an adult male Tasmanian Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae castanops in a forest–farmland landscape. The two female Owls were radiotracked, and frequently used roost-sites in the core area of use. Roost-sites were typically associated with small watercourses, on the edges of large contiguous forest patches within a complex mosaic of forest and pasture. The juvenile Owl used many different vegetation roost-sites after dispersing from her presumed natal territory. In contrast, the adult female used few roosts, including two vegetation roosts and one tree-hollow, and only one roost (a tree-hollow) was located for the adult male. The primary tree-hollow roost-sites of the male and female Owls were <400 m apart and were both <1200 m from a suspected nest-tree. This strongly suggests that the spatial proximity of nest- and roost-sites may be critical to facilitate territorial, foraging and reproductive behaviours of breeding pairs. Increased knowledge of spatial ecology and utilisation of tree-hollows by adult Tasmanian Masked Owls is crucial for their conservation.

scholarly journals Large elapids and arboreality: the ecology of Jameson’s green mamba (Dendroaspis jamesoni) in an Afrotropical forested region

2000 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Luiselli ◽  
Francesco M. Angelici ◽  
Godfrey C. Akani
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Statistical Bias ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Forest Mosaic ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Forested Region

Several aspects of the ecology of Jameson’s green mamba Dendroaspis jamesoni jamesoni (Traill, 1843), a large-sized arboreal elapid snake, are studied in southern Nigeria. This species is common and widespread in the region studied. On the basis of the analysis of both the habitats of capture of the various specimens and the results of a logistical regression model, it seems that this species inhabits a wide variety of habitats (including secondary forest patches and the plantation-forest mosaic), and that its local distribution is not influenced by the presence of any macrohabitat parameter. Green mambas were observed both in the dry and in the wet season, without any statistical bias toward a particular season. Adult sex-ratio was approximately 1 : 1. Males were significantly longer than females. All adult mamba dietary records involved warm-blooded prey (mainly birds), whereas young mambas fed also upon lizards and toads. Nearly all the prey eaten by adult mambas were arboreal, and thus there was no support for the recent hypothesis that adult mambas develop an orientation to forage on terrestrial rodents. Male-male combats and matings were observed in December, January, and February (dry season), and gravid females were collected in April, May, and June (wet season). Females produced 7-16 eggs (mean 10.9), and litter size was Positively correlated with maternal length.

Trends in Dietary Intake of Vitamins A, C, and E in German Children and Adolescents – Results of the DONALD Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexy ◽  
Kersting ◽  
Sichert-Hellert
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
The Impact

Intake of vitamins A, C, and E was evaluated and age and time trends were assessed on the basis of 3-day weighed dietary records (n = 5121) of 2- to 18-year old boys (n = 417) and girls (n = 425) enrolled in the DONALD Study (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study) 1986–2001. Intake of vitamin A remains stable over time, intake of vitamin C increases linearly, and intake of vitamin E follows a nonlinear trend. Age trends of vitamins A and C (per MJ) were nonlinear with a minimum at the beginning adolescence, while intake of vitamin E (per MJ) increased linearly. Girls had higher nutrient densities but lower intakes expressed as percent of reference values. Fortified food in total had a higher impact on time trends of nutrient intake than other single food groups defined here. Our results point to the impact of the food industry on long-term nutrient intake, but also underline the necessity of nutrition education even in young age groups to improve vitamin intake.

Relationship Between Nutrient Intake and Vitamin D Status in Osteoporotic Women

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
de Souza Genaro ◽  
de Paiva Pereira ◽  
de Medeiros Pinheiro ◽  
Szejnfeld ◽  
Araújo Martini
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Records

Vitamin D is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis and optimizing bone health. Its inadequacy is related to many factors including dietary intake. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum 25(OH)D and its relationship with nutrient intakes in postmenopausal Brazilian women with osteoporosis. This cross-sectional study comprised 45 free-living and assisted elderly at São Paulo Hospital. Three-day dietary records were used to assess dietary intakes. Bone mineral density was measured with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DXA). Blood and urine sample were collected for analysis of biochemical markers of bone and mineral metabolism. Insufficiency of vitamin D was observed in 24.4% of the women and optimal levels (≥ 50 nmol/L) were observed in 75.6%. Parathyroid hormone was above the reference range in 51% of the participants. The mean calcium (724 mg/day) and vitamin D (4.2 μ g/day) intakes were lower than the value proposed by The Food and Nutrition Board and sodium intake was more than two-fold above the recommendation. Higher levels of serum 25(OH)D were inversely associated with sodium intake. Dietary strategies to improve serum vitamin D must focus on increasing vitamin D intake and should take a reduction of sodium intake into consideration.

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