scholarly journals PREDICTORS AND PREMORBID CONDITIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE GENITAL CANCER, IN PARTICULAR ENDOMETRY CANCER AND BREAST CANCER

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (17) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
A. Petruk ◽  
O. Lytvak ◽  
A. Khabrat
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Genital Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Female Genital

Objective: to review a new potential diagnostic criteria for predictors and premorbid conditions of female genital cancer, including endometrial cancer and breast cancer. Materials and methods. Bibliographic, information-analytical methods were used in the work. Sources of information were data from the scientific literature on the topic of the study, modern gadleins, a review of randomized controlled trials. Results. The results of epidemiological studies suggest that the increased risk of cancer of the female reproductive system is the presence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Potential mechanisms of their association are hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Because insulin is a major regulator of cell metabolism and is a tissue growth factor, hyperinsulinemia increases the risk of cancer. Hyperinsulinemia is associated with increased secretion of androgens by the ovaries and decreased levels of the protein that binds sex hormones, leading to higher concentrations of biologically active estrogens, which are also known to be risk factors for female genital cancer. In recent years, PFAA profiles have been found to be significantly altered in cancer and type 2 diabetes. Because cancer cells require certain amino acids to synthesize DNA, tumor growth factors, build new blood vessels, and duplicate all of their protein content, changes in PFAA profiles can be used as biomarkers of disease and different types of cancer at different stages. Conclusions. With the growing incidence of cancer, the issue of early diagnosis and detection of cancer in the pre-clinical stages remains relevant. Protein metabolism in cancer remains unclear and requires further research using a larger sample size. In addition, the biological mechanisms by which amino acids may contribute to the risk and progression of cancer or other premorbid conditions need to be elucidated. Determining the exact mechanism underlying changes in PFAA profiles has great potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals CANCER OF THE ORGANS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN WOMEN WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES. EFFECTS OF ANTIDIABETIC THERAPY

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 967-971
Author(s):  
Tamara S. Vatseba
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Uterine Cancer ◽  
Antidiabetic Therapy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact

The aim: to investigate the prevalence of cancer of the reproductive system in women with type 2 diabetes, and to examine the impact of antidiabetic therapy on cancer risk of this localization. Materials and methods: The study included a retrospective analysis of medical records of women with T2D with first diagnosed cancer during 2012-2016. The bases for the study were specialized medical institutions in Ivano-Frankivsk region. The obtained results were processed using statistical programs “Microsoft Excel” and “Statistika-12”. Results: Breast, uterine, and ovarian cancer were detected in 202 postmenopausal women, 63.92% from the total number of cancer cases in women. An increased risk of breast [OR = 1.24; 95% CI (1.04 – 1.50) P = 0.019] and uterine cancer [OR = 1.32; 95% CI (1.02 – 1.69) P = 0.040] has been identified. Most often, before the detection of cancer, women received combination therapy with sulfonylurea and metformin (83 patients (57.64%)) with BMI 32.64 ± 3.69 kg/m2. The difference between risk of cancer on metformin monotherapy and on sulfonylurea monotherapy [OR = 2.17; 95% CI (0.88 – 5.36) P = 0.141] or on combination therapy [OR = 1.68; 95% CI (0.76 – 3.74) P = 0.276] was not found. Conclusions: Postmenopausal women have an increased risk of breast and uterine cancer and are recommended to be screened for these diseases

scholarly journals A High Level of Circulating Valine Is a Biomarker for Type 2 Diabetes and Associated with the Hypoglycemic Effect of Sitagliptin

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Liao ◽  
Bingyao Liu ◽  
Hua Qu ◽  
LinLin Zhang ◽  
Yongling Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
High Level

Background. High levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) were associated with an increased risk of hyperglycemia and the onset of diabetes. This study is aimed at assessing circulating valine concentrations in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and in T2D patients and high-fat diet- (HFD-) fed mice treated with the hypoglycemic agent sitagliptin (Sit) and analyzing the association of valine concentrations with metabolic parameters. Methods. Metabolomics in HFD-fed mice were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) systems. Plasma valine concentrations were detected with a commercial kit in 53 subjects with normal glucose levels (n=19), newly diagnosed T2D (n=20), placebo-treated T2D (n=7), or Sit-treated T2D (n=7). Biochemical parameters were also assessed in all participants. Results. Sit treatment markedly changed the pattern of amino acid in HFD-fed mice, especially by reducing the level of the BCAA valine. Compared with the healthy controls, the plasma valine concentrations were significantly higher in the T2D patients (p<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the plasma valine concentration was positively correlated with the level of fasting plasma glucose (p<0.05). Moreover, the plasma valine concentrations were notably reduced after Sit treatment in T2D patients (p<0.05). Conclusions. Our findings demonstrate an important effect of Sit on the BCAA valine in T2D patients and HFD-fed mice, revealing a new hypoglycemic mechanism of it. Furthermore, the results suggest that the circulating valine level might be a novel biomarker for T2D and restoring the level of valine might be a potential strategy for diabetes therapy.

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Site-Specific Cancer in People with Type 2 Diabetes: A National Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donata Linkeviciute-Ulinskiene ◽  
Ausvydas Patasius ◽  
Lina Zabuliene ◽  
Rimantas Stukas ◽  
Giedre Smailyte
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Corpus Uteri ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Increase In Risk

A retrospective cohort design was used with the objective to evaluate cancer risk among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Lithuania. The cohort was established by identifying all patients with the first diagnosis of T2DM in the National Health Insurance Fund database during 2000–2012. Cancer cases were identified by record linkage with the Lithuanian Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated. Of the 127,290 people that were included, 5959 cases of cancer in men and 6661 cancer cases in women with T2DM were observed. A statistically significant increase in risk for all cancer sites was observed in women, SIR 1.16 (95% CI 1.14–1.19), but not in men, SIR 1.00 (95% CI 0.98–1.03). Among males, a significant increase of liver (SIR 2.11, 95% CI 1.79–2.49]), pancreas (SIR 1.77, 95% CI 1.57–1.99), kidney (SIR 1.46 95% CI 1.31–1.62), thyroid (SIR 1.83, 95% CI 1.32–2.54), colorectal (SIR 1.23, 95% CI 1.14–1.31]), skin melanoma (SIR 1.40, 95% CI 1.11–1.76), and non–melanoma skin (SIR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05–1.23) cancer was observed. For females with T2DM, a significant increase in risk of cancer of the liver (SIR 1.45, 95% CI 1.17–1.79), pancreas (SIR 1.74, 95% CI 1.56–1.93), kidney (SIR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.28–1.60), thyroid (SIR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.22–1.62), breast (SIR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.17–1.31), and corpus uteri (SIR 2.07, 95% CI 1.93–2.21) was observed. In conclusion, people with T2DM in Lithuania had an increased risk of site-specific cancer.

The Increased Risk of Cancer in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Potential Mechanisms

2009 ◽  
pp. 579-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Jane Gallagher ◽  
Ruslan Novosyadlyy ◽  
Shoshana Yakar ◽  
Derek LeRoith
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

scholarly journals Diabetes increases the risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prue J Hardefeldt ◽  
Senarath Edirimanne ◽  
Guy D Eslick
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants

The aim of this meta-analysis was to collate and analyse all primary observational studies investigating the risk of breast cancer (BC) associated with diabetes. In addition, we aimed to complete subgroup analyses by both type of diabetes and gender of study participants to further clarify the origin of any such association between the two. Studies were obtained from a database search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Current Contents Connect and Google Scholar with additional cross-checking of reference lists. Collated data were assessed for heterogeneity and a pooled odds ratio (OR) calculated. Forty-three studies were included in the meta-analysis with 40 studies investigating BC in women and six studies investigating BC in men. Overall, we found a significantly increased risk of BC associated with diabetes in women (OR 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.29). After subgroup analysis by type of diabetes, the association was unchanged with type 2 diabetes (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07–1.40) and nullified with gestational diabetes (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.79–1.40). There were insufficient studies to calculate a pooled OR of the risk of BC associated with type 1 diabetes. There was an increased risk of BC in males with diabetes mellitus; however, the results did not reach statistical significance (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.99–1.67). In conclusion, diabetes increases the risk of BC in women. This association is confirmed in women with type 2 diabetes and supports the hypothesis that diabetes is an independent risk factor for BC.

scholarly journals Noncommunicable disease among adults with cerebral palsy

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14) ◽  
pp. e1385-e1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Ryan ◽  
Mark D. Peterson ◽  
Anthony Matthews ◽  
Nicola Ryan ◽  
Kimberley J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

ObjectiveTo compare the incidence of noncommunicable diseases between adults with and without cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsA cohort study was conducted using primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Cox models, stratified by matched set and adjusted for potential confounders, were fitted to compare the risk of any noncommunicable disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and respiratory disease between adults with and without CP.ResultsThe analysis included 1,705 adults with CP and 5,115 age-, sex-, and general practice–matched adults without CP. There was evidence from adjusted analyses that adults with CP had 75% increased risk of developing any noncommunicable disease compared to adults without CP (hazard ratio [HR] 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58–1.94). Specifically, they had increased risk of cardiovascular disease (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.48–2.11) and respiratory disease (HR 2.61, 95% CI 2.14–3.19). There was no evidence of increased risk of cancer or type 2 diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsAdults with CP had increased risk of noncommunicable disease, specifically cardiovascular and respiratory disease. These findings highlight the need for clinical vigilance regarding identification of noncommunicable disease in people with CP and further research into the etiology and management of noncommunicable disease in this population.

scholarly journals Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the PREVEND Prospective Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Flores-Guerrero ◽  
Maryse Osté ◽  
Lyanne Kieneker ◽  
Eke Gruppen ◽  
Justyna Wolak-Dinsmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Net Reclassification Improvement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Branched Chain

Plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are linked to metabolic disease, but their relevance for prediction of type 2 diabetes development is unclear. We determined the association of plasma BCAAs with type 2 diabetes risk in the prevention of renal and vascular end-stage disease (PREVEND) cohort. The BCAAs were measured by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We evaluated the prospective associations of BCAAs with type 2 diabetes in 6244 subjects. The BCAAs were positively associated with HOMA-IR after multivariable adjustment (p < 0.0001). During median follow-up for 7.5 years, 301 cases of type 2 diabetes were ascertained. The Kaplan-Meier plot demonstrated that patients in the highest BCAA quartile presented a higher risk (p log-rank < 0.001). Cox regression analyses revealed a positive association between BCAA and type 2 diabetes; the hazard ratio (HR) for the highest quartile was 6.15 (95% CI: 4.08, 9.24, p < 0.0001). After adjustment for multiple clinical and laboratory variables, the association remained (HR 2.80 (95% CI: 1.72, 4.53), p < 0.0001). C-statistics, Net reclassification improvement, and −2 log likelihood were better after adding BCAAs to the traditional risk model (p = 0.01 to <0.001). In conclusions, high concentrations of BCAAs associate with insulin resistance and with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. This association is independent of multiple risk factors, HOMA-IR and β cell function.

scholarly journals Fasting C-Peptide Levels and Death Resulting From All Causes and Breast Cancer: The Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda L. Irwin ◽  
Catherine Duggan ◽  
Ching-Yun Wang ◽  
Ashley Wilder Smith ◽  
Anne McTiernan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Eating

Purpose To examine the association between serum C-peptide, a marker of insulin secretion, measured 3 years after a breast cancer diagnosis, and death resulting from all causes and breast cancer. Patients and Methods This was a prospective, observational study of 604 women enrolled onto the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle (HEAL) Study who were diagnosed with local or regional breast cancer between 1995 and 1998 and observed until death or December 31, 2006, whichever came first. The hazard ratio (HR) for all deaths and deaths owing to breast cancer and 95% CIs for the HR were estimated using multivariable stratified Cox regression analyses. Results Among women without type 2 diabetes, fasting C-peptide levels were associated with an increased risk of death resulting from all causes and from breast cancer. A 1-ng/mL increase in C-peptide was associated with a 31% increased risk of any death (HR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.63; P = .013) and a 35% increased risk of death as a result of breast cancer (HR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.87, P = .048). Associations between C-peptide levels and death as a result of breast cancer were stronger in certain subgroups, including women with type 2 diabetes, women with a body mass index less than 25 kg/m2, women diagnosed with a higher stage of disease, and women whose tumors were estrogen receptor positive. Conclusion Treatment strategies to reduce C-peptide levels in patients with breast cancer, including dietary-induced weight loss, physical activity, and/or use of insulin-lowering medications, should be explored.

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