Research of precipitation, water balance of river basins, and the impact of precipitation on river runoff remain relevant in the context of global and regional climate change. Nowadays, many scientific research all over the world are devoted to the research of the problem of river runoff change under the influence of climatic factors. This kind of research has been developing strongly in Ukraine in recent decades. In particular, they concern the rivers of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The basin of the river Putyla to the line of the village of Putyla has an area of 181 km2. It is located in the south-eastern part of the Carpathian and characterized by a significant influence of warm rains on the formation of water runoff. The average annual runoff is characterized by rather complex patterns of change both in time and space. There are periodic, cyclical and unidirectional changes that occur under the influence of a complex system of factors. Climate is a major factor of the water change. Thus, the research of the average runoff of the Putila River has different aspects.To determine the effect of precipitation on river runoff, the method of comparing difference-integral curves of annual runoff and precipitation, as well as water-balance methods are used. Long-term changes and intra-annual distribution of precipitation, in particular rainfall, according to the observations of the meteorological station Selyatyn were analyzed. We constructed a differential integrated curve of modular coefficients of the average annual precipitation in the Putil district. It clearly reflects the cyclical changes in precipitation. Long-term changes and intra-annual distribution of water runoff in the Putyla River also were analyzed. During the observation period, periods of long-term fluctuations of the average annual precipitation were revealed. The average annual rainfall is 842.9 mm. The annual course is stable, ie the greatest amount of precipitation falls in the summer, when there are intense thunderstorms and showers, the least – in winter. Based on the data of hydrological observations, the average long-term value of water consumption according to GP Putila is 2.47 m3/s. We calculated the coefficient of variability (variation). The coefficient of variation for average costs is 0.21 (21%), and for precipitation – 0.7 (7%). The connection between precipitation and runoff was established. We have built a comprehensive schedule of annual distribution of precipitation and costs of the Putyla River for 2010. You can see that in the spring due to snowmelt there is an influx of water and there is a spring flood. It is known that 2010 in Putilsky district was full of water. The reduction of water consumption in the Putyla River in the cold period of the year with a decrease in precipitation is also observed. Graph of the dependence of the runoff of the Putyla River on precipitation in the village of Selyatyn showed a fairly clear relationship between the variable values of runoff and precipitation (the coefficient of variation is 0,66). The feeding structure of the Putyla River is mixed. The main share is occupied by rain, less - snow and groundwater.
Key words: climate change, precipitation, runoff, rivers, long-term changes in runoff, intra-annual distribution of precipitation and runoff, Putyla river.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF WATER BALANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WATER RUNOFF AND NANOSE IN THE PARANA DELTA
