The incidence of COVID-19 medical workers. The issues of biosafety and occupational risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
T. A. Platonova ◽  
A. A. Golubkova ◽  
A. V. Tutelyan ◽  
S. S. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

Relevance. During the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), one of the most vulnerable and actively involved in the epidemic process categories of the population were medical workers. The study of the incidence of COVID-19 among medical workers, risk factors for infection and safety measures is an important area of research in modern conditions. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 among employees of medical organizations and occupational risk factors for infection in order to develop proposals for corrective measures. Materials and methods. To study the incidence of COVID-19 among employees of medical organizations, an anonymous online questionnaire developed by the authors was used, which was posted on the Google platform and distributed during the first wave of the pandemic among employees of medical organizations in several regions of the Russian Federation through corporate e-mail or specialized online resources adapted for health workers. The survey involved 1,872 medical workers of different genders, ages, positions and work experience. Results and discussion. Among the survey participants, 161 employees have already had a new coronavirus infection. In the majority (64.0%) of them, the disease occurred in the form of acute respiratory infection, in 28.6% - interstitial pneumonia, in 7.4% only the fact of isolation of the SARSCoV-2 antigen without clinical manifestations of infection was documented. The most affected contingents were secondary and junior medical personnel, mainly hospital staff. The likelihood of infection in the workplace was increased by factors such as providing care to patients with confirmed COVID-19, participating in procedures related to aerosol generation, working with biomaterials of patients with COVID-19, contact with surfaces in the environment of a COVID-19 patient, ignorance of infectious safety issues due to lack of instruction before admission to work. When assessing the efficiency of personal protective equipment (PPE) when they are used in the process, it was found that the highest value for the prevention of infection COVID-19 had a PPE for face protection, respiratory and eye, and hand hygiene. At the same time, many employees are faced with the problem of an insufficient number of protective equipment in the workplace. When assessing the availability of SARS-CoV-2 testing to employees, it was found that only 77.4% of survey participants had the opportunity to be tested for coronavirus infection in a timely manner. Conclusion. Thus, for more effective protection of employees of medical organizations, it is necessary to have a sufficient number of personal protective equipment, especially for the face, respiratory organs and vision, the availability of hygienic hand treatment during work, regular instruction on infectious safety, using interactive forms of training, and the organization of screening examinations of previously unvaccinated and unvaccinated employees.

scholarly journals Tatalaksana Anestesi pada Operasi Obstetri dengan Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Isngadi Isngadi ◽  
Rafidya Indah Septica ◽  
Susilo Chandra
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Anesthesia Management ◽  
First Choice ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Obstetric Surgery

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan masalah utama kesehatan dunia. Kasus COVID-19 terus meningkat secara ekponensial di berbagai belahan dunia. Wanita hamil juga mengalami peningkatan kejadian infeksi COVID-19. Manifestasi klinis COVID-19 bervariasi, dengan sebagian besar pasien memiliki gejala saluran pernapasan. Pasien terinfeksi covid-19 yang asimpomatis atau pasien yang terinfeksi sebelum munculnya manifestasi klinis mampu menularkan penyakit. Sehingga perlu dilakukan deteksi dini kepada semua maternal yang akan dilakukan tindakan operasi, terutama di daerah dengan kejadian inveksi COVID-19 yang tinggi. Tatalaksana anestesi pada operasi obstetri dengan COVID-19 harus memperhatikan beberapa hal dengan tujuan pengendalian infeksi untuk mencegah penularan COVID-19, kepada petugas kesehatan, anak yang baru dilahirkan serta orang lain lingkungan sekitar. Tenaga kesehatan yang terpapar COVID-19 berisiko terinfeksi apabila tidak menggunakan alat pelindung diri (APD) sesuai standar, sehingga penggunaan APD sesuai standart secara benar sangat penting,untuk mencegah tertularnya COVID-19 pada petugas. Tehnik anestesi yang menjadi pilihan utama untuk operasi obstetri dengan COVID-19, adalah dengan tehnik anestesi regional (epidural dan atau spinal), karena dengan tehnik tersebut mengindari timbulnya aerosol. Tehnik anestesi umum hanya digunakan apabila : gagal dengan tehnik anestesi regional, ada kontraindikasi dengan tehnik anestesi regional atau maternal mengalami desaturasi(saturasi <93%). Apabila menggunakan tehnik anestesi umum maka dalam pelaksanaanya harus dengan prinsip pencegahan terjadinya penyebaran infeksi. Anesthesia Management for obstetric surgery with COVID-19 infected Abstract The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a global health problem. The number of cases of COVID-19 continue to rise exponentially in many parts of the world. Pregnant women have also increasing COVID-19 infection. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are varied, with most patients having respiratory symptom. The asymptomatic covid-19 infected patients or infected patients before clinical manifestations can transmit the disease. So early detection should be done for all mothers who will perform surgery, especially in areas with a high incidence of COVID-19 infection. Anesthesia management in obstetric surgery with COVID-19 must pay attention to several things with the aim of controlling infection to prevent transmission of COVID-19, for health workers, newborn babies and other people in the surrounding environment. Health workers who are exposed to COVID-19 are at risk of infection if they do not use personal protective equipment (PPE) according to the standard, so the use of PPE according to proper standards is very important, to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 to the officerExpected health workers, COVID-19, the risk of coverage, do not use personal protective equipment (PPE) according to standards, so the use of PPE according to the standard, is very important. The first choice of Anesthesia techniques for obstetric surgery in maternal COVID-19 infection are regional anesthesia techniques (epidural and or spinal), because with these techniques avoid the emergence of aerosols. General anesthesia techniques are only used if: fail with regional anesthesia techniques, there are contraindications to regional anesthesia or maternal desaturation (saturation <93). If using general anesthesia techniques, the prevention of infection is a major concern.

scholarly journals Occupational risk factors of contracting COVID-19 among health workers: A systematic review

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Haizhe Jin ◽  
Yuxiao Chen ◽  
Quanwei Fu ◽  
Qingxing Qu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Dimensions

BACKGROUND: With the spread of COVID-19 and the worsening global prevention and control situation, the risk of infection faced by health workers has been unprecedented. It is necessary to fully understand the occupational risks of health workers to protect them and reduce their risk of infection. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to obtain comprehensive and detailed information on occupational risk factors of infectious diseases for HWs in different dimensions and to propose control strategies for three risk dimensions to protect HWs who are at high risk of infection during the pandemic. METHODS: A total number of 619 articles published from 2010 to 2021 were searched to conduct bibliometric analysis, which were retrieved in the Web of Science database with defined search terms. There were 26 articles met the criteria, and they were screened to identify occupational risk factors. RESULTS: We conducted an analysis of cited institutions, co-citation network analysis of journals, and references from bibliometric analysis. Nine risk factors were extracted, and they were classified and sorted into three dimensions. Infection control strategies for each dimension were proposed. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of infection faced by HWs is unprecedented. Medical institutions should pay more attention to the nine risk factors that we identified and use the three risk dimensions to carry out risk identification and infection control to reduce the infection risk of HWs and protect them better.

scholarly journals Features of the Use of Personal Protective Equipment in the Foci of a New Coronavirus Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
A. A. Kuzin ◽  
A. P. Yumanov ◽  
A. A. Degtyarev ◽  
G. G. Eremin
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Nurse Anesthetist ◽  
Field Hospital ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Medical Teams

Relevance. In the context of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, the range of use of personal protective equipment (hereinafter referred to as PPE) is becoming increasingly broad, from emergency and emergency medical teams that go to patients with suspected COVID-19, to specialized covid hospitals. Aim. Identification of features in the operation of PPE in a strict anti-epidemic regime and development of recommendations on the use of PPE to improve the efficiency of medical professionals. Materials and methods. In the period from April to May 2020 in the field hospital of the Association of Alpine shooters at the exhibition centre, FIERA DI BERGAMO Italian Republic (hereinafter - the hospital), 8 medical and nursing teams, each of them included the doctors-epidemiologist, anesthesiologist-resuscitation, general practitioner, and nurse anesthetist (total number 32 professionals) conducted relevant sanitary-antiepidemic (preventive) and treatment-and-prophylactic interventions among patients with clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Conclusion. As a result of using a whole range of disposable PPE of various modifications, the features and disadvantages of their operation in the field were established. The main recommendations for using PPE when working with patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are formulated.

scholarly journals Quantification of occupational and community risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among healthcare workers in a large U.S. healthcare system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Baker ◽  
Kristin N. Nelson ◽  
Elizabeth Overton ◽  
Benjamin A. Lopman ◽  
Timothy L. Lash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthcare Worker ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Community Risk ◽  
Community Risk Factors ◽  
Zip Code ◽  
Pcr Test

AbstractBackgroundQuantifying occupational risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers can inform efforts to improve healthcare worker and patient safety and reduce transmission. This study aimed to quantify demographic, occupational, and community risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among healthcare workers in a large metropolitan healthcare system.MethodsWe analyzed data from a cross-sectional survey conducted from April through June of 2020 linking risk factors for occupational and community exposure to COVID-19 with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. A multivariable logistic regression model was fit to quantify risk factors for infection. Participants were employees and medical staff members who elected to participate in SARS-CoV-2 serology testing offered to all healthcare workers as part of a quality initiative, and who completed a survey on exposure to COVID-19 and use of personal protective equipment. Exposures of interest included known demographic risk factors for COVID-19, residential zip code incidence of COVID-19, occupational exposure to PCR test-positive healthcare workers or patients, and use of personal protective equipment. The primary outcome of interest was SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was estimated to be 5.7% (95% CI: 5.2%-6.1%) among 10,275 healthcare workers. Community contact with a person known or suspected to have COVID-19 (aOR=1.9, 95% CI:1.4-2.5) and zip code level COVID-19 incidence (aOR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0-2.0) increased the odds of infection. Black individuals were at high risk (aOR=2.0, 95% CI:1.6-2.4). Overall, occupational risk factors accounted for 27% (95% CI: 25%-30%) of the risk among healthcare workers and included contact with a PCR test-positive healthcare worker (aOR=1.2, 95% CI:1.0-1.6).ConclusionsCommunity risk factors, including contact with a COVID-19 positive individual and residential COVID-19 incidence, are more strongly associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among healthcare workers than exposure in the workplace.

scholarly journals Healthcare institutions’ recommendation regarding the use of FFP-2 masks and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among healthcare workers: a multicenter longitudinal cohort study

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szajek ◽  
Felix Fleisch ◽  
Sandra Hutter ◽  
Martin Risch ◽  
Theresa Bechmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Pandemic Wave

Abstract Background Health care workers (HCW) are heavily exposed to SARS-CoV-2 from the beginning of the pandemic. We aimed to analyze risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion among HCW with a special emphasis on the respective healthcare institutions’ recommendation regarding the use of FFP-2 masks. Methods We recruited HCW from 13 health care institutions (HCI) with different mask policies (type IIR surgical face masks vs. FFP-2 masks) in Southeastern Switzerland (canton of Grisons). Sera of participants were analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies 6 months apart, after the first and during the second pandemic wave using an electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA, Roche Diagnostics). We captured risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection by using an online questionnaire at both time points. The effects of individual COVID-19 exposure, regional incidence and FFP-2 mask policy on the probability of seroconversion were evaluated with univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Results SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 99 of 2794 (3.5%) HCW at baseline and in 376 of 2315 (16.2%) participants 6 months later. In multivariable analyses the strongest association for seroconversion was exposure to a household member with known COVID-19 (aOR: 19.82, 95% CI 8.11–48.43, p < 0.001 at baseline and aOR: 8.68, 95% CI 6.13–12.29, p < 0.001 at follow-up). Significant occupational risk factors at baseline included exposure to COVID-19 patients (aOR: 2.79, 95% CI 1.28–6.09, p = 0.010) and to SARS-CoV-2 infected co-workers (aOR: 2.50, 95% CI 1.52–4.12, p < 0.001). At follow up 6 months later, non-occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals (aOR: 2.54, 95% CI 1.66–3.89 p < 0.001) and the local COVID-19 incidence of the corresponding HCI (aOR: 1.98, 95% CI 1.30–3.02, p = 0.001) were associated with seroconversion. The healthcare institutions’ mask policy (surgical masks during usual exposure vs. general use of FFP-2 masks) did not affect seroconversion rates of HCW during the first and the second pandemic wave. Conclusion Contact with SARS-CoV-2 infected household members was the most important risk factor for seroconversion among HCW. The strongest occupational risk factor was exposure to COVID-19 patients. During this pandemic, with heavy non-occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the mask policy of HCIs did not affect the seroconversion rate of HCWs.

scholarly journals Healthcare Institutions’ Recommendation Regarding the Use of FFP-2 Masks and SARS-Cov-2 Seropositivity Among Healthcare Workers – A Multicenter Longitudinal Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szajek ◽  
Felix Fleisch ◽  
Sandra Hutter ◽  
Martin Risch ◽  
Theresa Bechmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Pandemic Wave

Abstract BackgroundHealth care workers (HCW) are heavily exposed to SARS-CoV-2 from the beginning of the pandemic. We aimed to analyze risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion among HCW with a special emphasis on the respective healthcare institutions’ recommendation regarding the use of FFP-2 masks. MethodsWe recruited HCW from 13 health care institutions (HCI) with different mask policies (type IIR surgical face masks vs. FFP-2 masks) in Southeastern Switzerland (canton of Grisons). Sera of participants were analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies six months apart, after the first and during the second pandemic wave using an electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA, Roche Diagnostics). We captured risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection by using an online questionnaire at both time points. The effects of individual COVID-19 exposure, regional incidence and FFP-2 mask policy on the probability of seroconversion were evaluated with univariable and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 99 of 2794 (3.5%) HCW at baseline and in 376 of 2315 (16.2%) participants six months later. In multivariable analyses the strongest association for seroconversion was exposure to a household member with known COVID-19 (aOR: 19.82, 95% CI: 8.11-48.43, p<0.001 at baseline and aOR: 8.68, 95% CI: 6.13-12.29, p<0.001 at follow-up). Significant occupational risk factors at baseline included exposure to COVID-19 patients (aOR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.28-6.09, p=0.010) and to SARS-CoV-2 infected co-workers (aOR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.52-4.12, p<0.001). At follow up six months later, non-occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals (aOR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.66-3.89 p<0.001) and the local COVID-19 incidence of the corresponding HCI (aOR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.30-3.02, p=0.001) were associated with seroconversion. The healthcare institutions’ mask policy (surgical masks vs. FFP-2 masks) did not affect seroconversion rates of HCW during the first and the second pandemic wave. ConclusionContact with SARS-CoV-2 infected household members was the most important risk factor for seroconversion among HCW. The strongest occupational risk factor was exposure to COVID-19 patients. During this pandemic, with heavy non-occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the mask policy of HCIs did not affect the seroconversion rate of HCWs.

scholarly journals Occupational Histoplasmosis: Epidemiology and Prevention Measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Marie A. de Perio ◽  
Kaitlin Benedict ◽  
Samantha L. Williams ◽  
Christine Niemeier-Walsh ◽  
Brett J. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors

In areas where Histoplasma is endemic in the environment, occupations involving activities exposing workers to soil that contains bird or bat droppings may pose a risk for histoplasmosis. Occupational exposures are frequently implicated in histoplasmosis outbreaks. In this paper, we review the literature on occupationally acquired histoplasmosis. We describe the epidemiology, occupational risk factors, and prevention measures according to the hierarchy of controls.

scholarly journals Occupational risk factors for chronic kidney disease in Andhra Pradesh: ‘Uddanam Nephropathy’

Renal Failure ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1032-1041
Author(s):  
Youssef M. K. Farag ◽  
Kuyilan Karai Subramanian ◽  
Vikrum A. Singh ◽  
Ravi Raju Tatapudi ◽  
Ajay K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors
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