scholarly journals Adsorption methods for the extraction and seperation of rare earth elements. Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Jumadilov ◽  
◽  
Kh. Khimersen ◽  
B. Totkhuskyzy ◽  
J. Haponiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Extraction And Separation

Rare earth elements play an important role in the production, energy, and high technology. Due to the rapid development of industry, the demand for rare earth metals is rising every day. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the extraction of rare earth metals from various sources to meet the demand for these elements. Currently, pyro- and hydrometallurgical technologies are used to extract rare earth metals from an ore and other secondary sources (industrial wastewater, acid drainage mines, etc.). Hydrometallurgical technologies include precipitation, extraction, adsorption, and ion exchange methods. Adsorption is one of the most effective methods for the extraction and separation of rare earth elements. Adsorption methods are highly selectivity to metal ions and have low emissions. However, not all adsorbents are effective in producing the same metal ions. This study provides an overview of the different adsorbents that can be used to extract rare earth elements from aquatic systems. Hydrogels and molecular polymers have been found to be cost-effective methods for high-grade rare earth metals. Further research is needed to ensure the performance of these systems.

scholarly journals The Market For The "Not-So-Rare" Rare Earth Elements

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Giacalone
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
The Rare Earth

This paper examines the market for the Rare earth elements. These are comprised of 17 elements of the periodic table which include 15 elements from the group known as lanthanides and two additional elements known as scandium and yttrium. The metals are often found combined together in ores and must be separated into its individual elements. The fact is that rare earth metals are not rare in terms of the quantity present in the earths crust. However, the metals are less concentrated than other more common metals and the extraction and separation processes necessitate high research and development costs and large capital outlays.The various applications of rare earth elements can be broadly classified into four major categories, namely: High Technology Consumer Products, Environmentally Friendly Products, Industrial and Medical Devices, and National Defense Systems. The demand for such high technology products is rapidly increasing causing a simultaneous upsurge in the demand for rare earth metals as well.On the supply side, China dominates the production rare earth elements, mining approximately 97% of total world production. Consequently, most countries must rely on imports of these REEs to facilitate production of the various systems and products that are dependent on the rare earth metals as raw materials. This near-monopoly imposes several supply-chain risks on the importing nations which are exploring ways to mitigate the potential economic harm associated with these risks.

scholarly journals Magnetic and Electronic Properties of Heavy Lanthanides (Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Ho, Tm)

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Radel R. Gimaev ◽  
Aleksei S. Komlev ◽  
Andrei S. Davydov ◽  
Boris B. Kovalev ◽  
Vladimir I. Zverev
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Electronic Properties ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
State University ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Heavy Lanthanides ◽  
Baikov Institute

Rare earth metals (REM) occupy a special and important place in our lives. This became especially noticeable during the rapid development of industry in the industrial era of the twentieth century. The tendency of development of the rare-earth metals market certainly remains in the XXI century. According to experts estimates the industry demand for chemical compounds based on them will tend to grow during the nearest years until it reaches the market balance. At the same time, the practical use of high-purity rare-earth metals requires the most accurate understanding of the physical properties of metals, especially magnetic ones. Despite a certain decline in interest in the study of high-purity REM single crystals during the last decade, a number of scientific groups (Ames Lab, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Russian Academy of Science (RAS)) are still conducting high-purity studies on high-purity metal samples. The present article is a combination of a review work covering the analysis of the main works devoted to the study of heavy REMs from gadolinium to thulium, as well as original results obtained at MSU. The paper considers the electronic properties of metals in terms of calculating the density of states, analyzes the regularities of the magnetic phase diagrams of metals, gives the original dependences of the Neel temperature and tricritical temperatures for Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Ho, Tm, and also introduces a phenomenological parameter that would serve as an indicator of the phase transformation in heavy REMs.

scholarly journals Possibilities of recovery and separation of rare earth elements

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Dominika Fila
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Critical Mineral

Rare earth metals are a group of elements widely used in high technology products. They are included in the group of critical mineral resources for the EU economy. Rare earth elements are found in computers and mobile phones, as well as in low-emission energy technologies. They are also applied in chemical processes as catalysts in the oil refining. Some of them occur even in considerable quantities in the earth's crust but not very often in the concentrations justifying the profitability of their extraction. Additionally, the constantly growing demand and the current market situation cause that alternative resources of rare earth elements recovery are sought after. Therefore, the recovery and separation methods as well as recovery from the secondary sources are becoming more and more important. The following paper presents the possibilities of recovery and separation of rare earth elements from primary and secondary sources.

scholarly journals Extraction and separation of rare earth elements from hydrothermal metalliferous sediments

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 106-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Josso ◽  
Steve Roberts ◽  
Damon A.H. Teagle ◽  
Olivier Pourret ◽  
Richard Herrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Metalliferous Sediments ◽  
Extraction And Separation

Selective and fast recovery of rare earth elements from industrial wastewater by porous β-cyclodextrin and magnetic β-cyclodextrin polymers

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 115857 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Nkinahamira ◽  
Alaaeddin Alsbaiee ◽  
Qiaoting Zeng ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Yiqing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Fast Recovery ◽  
Cyclodextrin Polymers

THERMODYNAMICS OF THE PROCESSES OF INTERACTION OF LIQUID METAL COMPONENTS IN Fe – Mg – Al – La – O SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 460-465
Author(s):  
G. G. Mikhailov ◽  
L. A. Makrovets ◽  
L. A. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Thermodynamic Modeling ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Oxide Systems ◽  
Metal Melts ◽  
Steel Deoxidation

At the present time, rare-earth elements in metallurgy are used in  the form of mischmetal – a rare-earth elements natural mixture (with  atomic numbers from 57 to 71). It contains about 50  wt.  % of cerium.  The remaining elements are mainly lanthanum and niobium. The specific composition is determined by the ore deposit. Inconstant composition of the modifier containing rare-earth metals (REM) can significantly reduce its efficiency. Experimentally, for every branded steels  composition the ratio of various REMs can’t be selected because of the  high costs of obtaining technically pure rare-earth metals. The task of  determining the each rare earth element optimum concentrations and  complex ligature composition can be solved by thermodynamic modeling. In the framework of thermodynamic modeling, the interaction  between magnesium, aluminum and lanthanum with oxygen in liquid  iron is presented. And the thermodynamic model of steel deoxidation  by these active metals composition is considered. On the basis of available literature data on the phase diagrams of the systems MgO – Al2O3 ,  MgO – La2O3 and La2O3 – Al2O3 , the coordinates of the invariant equilibria points in the system MgO – La2O3 – Al2O3 were determined. The  phase diagram of the system MgO – La2O3 – Al2O3 was constructed. It  made possible to establish all phase equilibria realized in the process  of deoxidation of steel with magnesium, lanthanum and aluminum and  to describe these phase equilibria by chemical reactions equations. The  activity of the components in liquid oxide melts was determined using  the theory of subregular ionic solutions, which takes into account the  dependence of the coordination number of cations on the composition  of the oxide melt. The activity of components in metal melts conjugated with oxide systems were determined by Wagner’s theory using the  parameters of the first order interaction. Equilibrium constants values  for the steel deoxidation reactions are installed indirectly by thermodynamic calculations. On the basis of the obtained data the components  solubility surface in the metal melts of Fe – Mg – Al – La – O system  was constructed, which allowed to determine the liquid metal composition regions associated with the corresponding oxide phase.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document