scholarly journals Rozdzielczość czasowa, pamięć robocza a rodzaje błędów w Teście Matryc Ravena – badanie pilotażowe

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Tołpa ◽  
Monika Lewandowska ◽  
Jan Nikadon ◽  
Joanna Dreszer
Keyword(s):  
Span Task ◽  
Operation Span

CelCelem badania pilotażowego było sprawdzenie zależności pomiędzy rozdzielczością czasową w zakresie milisekundowym, pamięcią roboczą oraz inteligencją psychometryczną z uwzględnieniem analizy jakościowej błędów w Teście Matryc Ravena w wersji dla Zaawansowanych TMZ. MetodaTrzydzieści sześć osób (24 mężczyzn i 12 kobiet, w wieku 17–19 lat) wykonało zadanie polegające na prezentowaniu par bodźców w szybkim następstwie czasowym, a następnie rozwiązywało zadanie mierzące pamięć roboczą Automated Operation Span Task Aospan oraz TMZ. Rozdzielczość czasową mierzono za pomocą progu postrzegania kolejności bodźców PPK, wyznaczanego za pomocą algorytmu adaptacyjnego dla poprawności 75%. WynikiWykazano tendencję do rzadszego popełniania błędów typu Błędna Zasada w TMZ przez osoby uzyskujące niskie wartości PPK: rho(34) = 0,46, p < 0,05. Ponadto zaobserwowano związek między wynikami Aospan i TMZ, dla procentu poprawnie odpamiętanych liter (rho(34) = 0,55, p < 0,01), zaś dla procentu poprawnie odpamiętanych sekwencji (rho(34) = 0,43, p = 0,05). KonkluzjePrezentowane badanie jest pierwszym, w którym wykazano związek czasowego opracowywania informacji na poziomie milisekund z typami błędów popełnianymi w teście inteligencji ogólnej. Osoby, które uzyskały wyższe progi postrzegania kolejności bodźców częściej stosowały przy wyborze odpowiedzi jakościowo odmienne od poprawnych reguły rozumowania, co może odzwierciedlać mniejsze zasoby pamięci roboczej potrzebne do odkrycia właściwej reguły.

The Relationship Between the Component Measures of the Operation Span Task

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Barnes ◽  
Paul J. Schroeder ◽  
Judy Bordeaux ◽  
Mallory Crow
Keyword(s):  
Span Task ◽  
Operation Span ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals PENGARUH MENDENGARKAN MUROTTAL AL-QUR’AN TERHADAP MEMORI KERJA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Istiqomah Nur Aziza ◽  
Nanang Wiyono ◽  
Afia Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Span Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Operation Span ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Test Control

It is important to optimize working memory because it transforms, synergizes and constantly updates new and old information. One way to optimize working memory is to listen to Murottal Al-Qur'an, because it has a harmonious tone which can stabilize the mind to properly process the information. This study aims to determine the effect of listening to the Al-Quran murottal on working memory. The research subjects were 24 students of Psikologi 2017, grouped equally in the control and experimental groups. An experimental intervention was administered for 15 consecutive days lasting 15 minutes and 52 seconds. Measurements in working memory use Operation Span Task, Reading Span Task and Symmetry Span Task. The design of the study used a pre-test post-test control group and the data were analyzed by t-test. The results showed a significant difference between the control group and the experimental group on the symmetry span task subtest (p = 0.044, p <0.05).

scholarly journals Are all interferences bad? Bilingual advantages in working memory are modulated by varying demands for controlled processing

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
HWAJIN YANG ◽  
SUJIN YANG
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Span Task ◽  
General Control ◽  
Baseline Measure ◽  
Complex Span ◽  
Operation Span ◽  
Controlled Processing ◽  
Span Tasks ◽  
Font Color

We investigated bilingual advantages in general control abilities using three complex-span tasks of working memory (WM). An operation-span task served as a baseline measure of WM capacity. Additionally, two modified versions of the Stroop-span task were designed to place varying attentional-control demands during memoranda encoding by asking participants either to read the to-be-remembered item aloud (lower cognitive control; i.e., Stroop-span task) or to name the font color of the to-be-remembered item while still encoding the word for later recall (greater cognitive control; i.e., attention-impeded Stroop-span task). Twenty-six Korean–English bilinguals and 25 English-native monolinguals were tested. We found that bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on the attention-impeded Stroop-span task, but on neither the operation-span nor the Stroop-span task. Our findings demonstrate that bilingualism provides advantages in controlled processing, an important component of WM and other executive functions, suggesting that the demand for controlled processing in WM tasks moderates bilingual effects on WM.

scholarly journals An automated version of the operation span task

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nash Unsworth ◽  
Richard P. Heitz ◽  
Josef C. Schrock ◽  
Randall W. Engle
Keyword(s):  
Span Task ◽  
Operation Span

Stimulus similarity decrements in children's working memory span

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1434-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet A. Conlin ◽  
Susan E. Gathercole ◽  
John W. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Response Competition ◽  
Span Task ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Stimulus Category ◽  
Processing Task ◽  
Operation Span ◽  
Span Tasks ◽  
The Impact

Two experiments investigated the impact of the relationship between processing and storage stimuli on the working memory span task performance of children aged 7 and 9 years of age. In Experiment 1, two types of span task were administered (sentence span and operation span), and participants were required to recall either the products of the processing task (sentence-final word, arithmetic total) or a word or digit unrelated to the processing task. Experiment 2 contrasted sentence span and operation span combined with storage of either words or digits, in tasks in which the item to be remembered was not a direct product of the processing task in either condition. In both experiments, memory span was significantly greater when the items to be recalled belonged to a different stimulus category from the material that was processed, so that in sentence span tasks, number recall was superior to word recall, and in operation span tasks, word recall was superior to number recall. Explanations of these findings in terms of similarity-based interference and response competition in working memory are discussed.

scholarly journals Proactive and Coactive Interference in Age-Related Performance in a Recognition-Based Operation Span Task

Gerontology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Zeintl ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Span Task ◽  
Operation Span ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Reexamining the “Brain Drain” Effect: Does Ward et al. (2017) Replicate?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cecilia Ruiz Pardo ◽  
John Paul Minda
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Span Task ◽  
Operation Span ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Testing Room ◽  
Basic Necessity

The present study was a pre-registered direct replication of Ward et al.’s (2017) second experiment (OSF pre-registration found at: https://osf.io/5fq4r). This replication assigned both smartphone location (on desk, in pocket/bag, or outside of the testing room) and smartphone power (on, or off) for a total of six conditions. Participants completed an automated operation span (OSpan) task, a cue-dependent go/no-go task, and the smartphone attachment and dependency inventory. It was hypothesized that performance on an attention-demanding task (i.e., the OSpan task) would be worse for those in closer proximity to their smartphone (on desk) and that those with greater smartphone attachment and dependency would have a larger “brain drain” effect. Using the same tasks and conditions as in Ward et al.’s (2017) second experiment, the present study found that the “brain drain” effect did not replicate: there was no difference between smartphone location conditions on performance on either the o-span task or the go/no-go task. These findings demonstrate that the mere presence of one’s smartphone may not be enough to affect cognitive performance. Understanding these effects is crucial in a time where smartphones are a basic necessity.

scholarly journals MIS – A new scoring method for the operation span task that accounts for Math, remembered Items and Sequence.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathis Lammert ◽  
Filip Morys ◽  
Hendrik Hartmann ◽  
Lieneke Katharina Janssen ◽  
Annette Horstmann
Keyword(s):  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Span Task ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Distractor Task ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Operation Span ◽  
Math Task ◽  
New Math ◽  
Task Focus

The operation span task is a well-validated measure of the executive component of working memory. Previous scoring systems of this task focus predominantly on the span part of the task, while the distractor – math task – serves as an exclusion criterion for test assessment only. Here, we propose a new Math-Item-Sequence (MIS) system to score performance on the Ospan based on both the span and math part. This new system provides three main improvements: 1) it eliminates the need to introduce arbitrary exclusion thresholds based on performance on the distractor task; 2) it takes into account remembered letters, and their relative position in the sequence separately; 3) it considers performance on the math task in the scoring of the Ospan task as a downweighing factor. In 6 independent samples we show that MIS score correlates highly with previously recommended scoring methods, suggesting that it measures the same underlying concepts. We also show that internal consistency of MIS is very good and comparable to or higher than the previous methods. We argue that MIS could be used in all samples, but might be of particular interest for small samples, where exclusions of participants are especially costly.

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