Calculation of the pressure gradient in the Cenomanian gas well operated with a foaming agent

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
V. A. Ogai ◽  
E. A. Saburova ◽  
V. O. Dovbysh ◽  
A. Yu. Yushkov
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Liquid Loading ◽  
Foam Flow ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Artificial Lift ◽  
High Level

Many of the largest Cenomanian gas deposits in Western Siberia are in the final stage of development. There are the liquid loading in the well and gas production decrease. The choice of artificial lift technologies is due to both the technological features of the production process at a particular field, and the economic efficiency of their application. The technology of injection foaming surfactants into the well is widespread in the world, which is characterized by a relatively low level of capital investments and a high level of efficiency, including economic efficiency. There are difficulties associated with the prediction of the pressure gradient under foam flow in a production tubing. This article describes a method for calculating the pressure gradient under foam flow. The results of applying this method for calculating pressure gradient in gas wells of one of the Russian fields on the final stage of development.

scholarly journals METHODS OF MAINTAINING THE PROJECT LEVELS OF GAS PRODUCTION AT THE FINAL STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF DEPOSITS

2017 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
E. V. Panikarovskii ◽  
V. V. Panikarovskii
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
Gas Flow Velocity

In the case of self-kill of wells, the gas flow velocity in the lifting column is not sufficient for carrying to the surface of the liquid, accumulated in the wellbore. To remove liquid from the bottom of wells, solid and liquid surfactants are used. As a result of conducted studies of surfactant compositions, the components of surfactant solutions were chosen to remove liquid from the bottom of wells.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF IMPLEMENTATION OF OPTIMIZATION METHODS OF OPERATION MODES OF THE "PLAST - GAS PIPELINE" SYSTEM BY THE METHODS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Filipchuk ◽  
Victor Marushchenko ◽  
Mikhailo Bratakh ◽  
Myroslav Savchuk ◽  
Safaa Tarwat
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Back Pressure ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Operation Modes ◽  
Gas Fields

To date, Ukraine's mature gas fields, which are being developed in the gas regime, are at the final stage of development, which is characterized by a significant depletion of reservoir energy. The final stage of development requires solving complex problems related to watering wells, destruction of the reservoir, removal of formation water and mechanical impurities, increasing back pressure in the system, as well as the moral and physical wear and tear of industrial equipment. In the conditions of falling gas production, a significant part of the operating well stock is unstable, in the mode of unauthorized stops due to the accumulation of liquid at the bottom and insufficient gas velocities for removal to the surface, and also the accumulation of the liquid phase in the lowered places of the gas gathering system. Within the framework of the conducted studies, the gas dynamic models of the operation of the gas collection system of 3 oil/gas-condensate fields (OGCF) are created. A single model of the gas production system "reservoir - well - gas gathering system - inter-field gas pipeline - main facilities" is built. The current efficiency of the gas production, collection and transportation system is assessed. On the basis of model calculations, the current production capabilities of the wells are defined, as well as the "narrow" places of the system. It is established that the introduction of modern technologies for the operation of watered wells without optimizing the operation of the entire gas production system is irrational, since the liquid that is carried out from the wellbore will accumulate in the plumes and increase the back pressure level in the ground part. In conditions of increasing gas sampling, liquid flowlines can be taken out of the loops and deactivated the separation equipment. The feasibility of introducing methods for optimizing the operation modes of the gas production - gathering and transportation system is estimated, which allows choosing the optimal method for increasing the efficiency and reliability of its operation. For the first time in the Ukrainian gas industry, an integrated model of the field is created as a single chain of extraction, collection, preparation and transportation of natural gas, which can be adapted for the development and arrangement of both new and mature deposits. The main advantage of the application for the hydrocarbon production sector is the simulation of the processes, which makes it possible to evaluate the operating mode of the well in the safe zone while reducing the working pressure and introducing various intensification methods, and also to estimate the increase in hydrocarbon production. For the equipment of the ground infrastructure – "midstream" – the main advantage is a reduction in the time required to perform design calculations for gas pipelines, trains and pipelines for transporting multiphase media using public models. The creation and use of integrated models of gas fields gives an understanding of the integral picture of available resources and ensures an increase in the efficiency of field development management. The results of the calculation are clearly correlated with the actual data, which makes it possible to use the models constructed to obtain numerical results.

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE PROJECT “ACQUISITION OF LIFTING UNITS APRS-18 AT NGDU “YAMASHNEFT”

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
L. N. KRASNOVA ◽  
◽  
L. V. GUSAROVA ◽  
A. Ya. GAFUROVA ◽  
A. F. ZABBAROVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The article is devoted to evaluating the effectiveness of implementing the APRS-18 lifting unit in order to improve the technology of underground repair of oil wells that have entered the late stage of development. The feasibility of implementing the unit is justified by the current stage of development of PJSC Tatneft and the state of the reserves structure of the developed fields. In conditions when the share of hard-to-recover oil reserves has increased to 86%, effective field development is impossible without the introduction of new equipment and technology. The article highlights the advantages of the APRS-18 lifting unit for repairing deeper wells working on Devon, and outlines the goals and objectives of implementing the unit. The economic efficiency of implementing APRS-18 units in Yamashneft NGDU, which is one of the leading oil and gas production departments in the structure of PJSC Tatneft, is calculated. Risks and uncertainties of the project are considered and identified, and the effectiveness of its implementation is proved at relatively low capital costs

scholarly journals Experimental facility for the study gas-liquid flows and foams

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Anton Yu. Yushkov ◽  
Vladislav A. Ogai ◽  
Nikita E. Portniagin
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Experimental Facility ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Gas Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flows ◽  
High Level ◽  
Water Gas

Currently, a large number of Cenomanian gas storages inWestern Siberiaare at the final stage of development. Gas production from such storage is accompanied by the accumulation of different types of liquid at the bottomhole. One of the methods of solving this problem is the introduction of a foaming agent into the well. To date, there are no computational models that allow us to predict with a high level of accuracy the pressure loss in the tubing of a gas well working with surfactant in the flow. The existing few computational models were created on the basis of bench studies under atmospheric conditions, and the results obtained by them have significant errors. For the study and modelling of gas-liquid flows with surfactant taking into account the influence of pressure, temperature, water-gas ratio and other key parameters, an "Experimental facility to simulate gas-liquid flow and dynamic processes in the tubing of a gas well" was developed and implemented.

CONNECTION g.307 G > A SNP POLYMORPHISM OF THE ALPHA-FUKOZYLTRASFERAZA 1 GENE WITH ECONOMIC-USEFUL TRAITS IN THE LARGE WHITE PIG BREED

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
H. S. Rudoman ◽  
V. M. Balatsky ◽  
V. Y. Nor ◽  
V. O. Vovk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Large White ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
High Level

One of the top priorities at the present stage of development of pig breeding remains the development of a set of measures aimed at increasing the resistance animals to various diseases, especially – to colibacteriosis .One of the recent and effective approaches to prevent colibacillosis is using markers of selection; it involves pig genotyping by genome locuses. Chosen locuses are associated with animal sensitivity to the disease and selection of the results of genotyping of animals with increased resistance. Due to researches, one of such locuses is alpha-fukozyltrasferаza 1 gene (FUT1). Gene FUT1 is located in chromosome 6. As a result of its sequencing in the swine breeds of Large White and Swedish Landrace, single-nucleotide polymorphism (g.307 G > A SNP) has been detected. AA genotype determines the resistance of animals to colibacteriosis, while AG and GG genotypes are susceptible to this disease. According to the results of previous studies, the positive effect of allele A was determined not only on the resistance of pigs to colibacteriosis, but also on indicators of fattening and meat productivity and on reproductive performance. In Ukraine, the studies of polymorphism FUT1 g.307 G > A SNP were held fragmentedly and only on certain populations of Ukrainian Meat and Large White breed but without establishing its association with the indicators of productivity of pigs. The aim of our work was to study the genetic structure of Ukrainian Large White breeds, type 1 and the establishment of association. g. 307 G > A SNP FUT1 gene with pigs indicators of productivity. For research the 96 samples of hair were used. DNA isolation from samples with biomaterial were carried out using ion exchange resin Chelex-100. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP by method of Jorgensen et al. (2006). Using DNA analysis of this breeds locus FUT1 was determined by genetic structure. Allele frequency of allele G (0,573) and allele A (0,427) was established The distribution of genotype frequencies was not statistically significantly different from the theoretically expected, calculated by the Hardy-Weinberg criterion. Thus, according to the locus of FUT1 g.307 G > A, the breeds investigated are in a state close to the genetic equilibrium. The negative value of the fixation index by the locus FUT1 g.307 G > A indicates an excess of heterozygotes in the population, and hence the lack of targeted selection for this marker. The valuation was performed by calculating the PIC (polymorphic information content) – information content of polymorphism marker. In the analyzed pig herd for this marker, the PIC has an average value (0,367), which indicates the high level of polymorphism of the given locus and is favorable for the possibility of conducting a search for links between individual genotypes and indicators of productivity. To establish the association g.307 G > A SNP FUT1 gene with indicators of animal productivity, a one-way analysis of variance of the experimental data was used. Based on the results of a one-way analysis of variance, a significant effect of the genotypes of the FUT1gene (g.1849 G > C) on the indicator of the average daily weight gain (р ≤ 0,001), the thickness of the bacon at the level of the VI-VII vertebrae (p ≤ 0.01), reaching live weight of 100 kg (р ≤ 0,001) and breeding index of fattening qualities (р ≤ 0,01) was found. The parameter of the influence of the genetic factor on the test feature was 28,54%, 10,4%, 33,4% and 8,8% respectively. According to the investigated indicators of productivity, animals with genotype AA, which determines resistance to colibacteriosis, dominated the animals with genotypes GG and AG. Based on the results of our research and pre-published data, the multiple effect of the g.307 G > A SNP FUT1 gene is observed, which is associated with the indicators of productivity, which again confirms the polygenicity of the quantitative trait loci of farm animals. Taking into account a high level of polymorphism of the investigated gene and reliable associations of genotypes with indicators of productivity found, it can be recommended to carry out breeding of pigs using genetic information of the g.307 G > A SNP gene FUT1.

A Novel Scheme for the Synthesis of 21-Acetoxypregna-1,4,9(11)-triene- 17α,21-diol-3,20-dione from 9α-Hydroxyandrostenedione

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-610
Author(s):  
Nguyen T. Diep ◽  
Luu D. Huy
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
Drug Synthesis ◽  
First Time

Background: Vietnam currently imports up to 90% of the pharmaceuticals it consumes and 100% of the steroid-based pharmaceuticals. The ability for efficient chemical synthesis of the steroids could create commercial opportunities to address this issue. Synthesis of 21-acetoxypregna-1,4,9(11)- triene-17α,21-diol-3,20-dione is considered a key intermediate in the scheme of steroidal drug synthesis. Previous synthesis attempts of such steroids (corticoids) introduce a double bond at C-1(2) in the final stage of synthesis, which delivers a poor yield and reduces the economic efficiency of the process. Objective: To study and develop a novel and effective method for the synthesis of 21-acetoxypregna- 1,4,9(11)-triene-17α,21-diol-3,20-dione. Methods: Using 9α-hydroxyandrostenedione as a substrate chemical synthesis was performed as follows: pregnane side chain construction at C-17 (acetylene method), introduction of C-1(2) double bond (using SeO2), epimerization of C-17 (via 17-ONO2 ester) and Stork’s iodination. Results: 21-acetoxypregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-17α,21-diol-3,20-dione was prepared from 9α- hydroxyandrostenedione with an improved yield compared to previous attempts. Conclusion: Here, 21-acetoxypregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-17α,21-diol-3,20-dione has been synthesized from 9α-hydroxyandrostenedione based on a novel, effective and commercially feasible scheme. The introduction of the C-1(2) double bond at an earlier stage of the synthesis has increased the economic efficiency of the entire process. For the first time, the indirect epimerization mechanism has been clarified along with the configuration of the C-17 stereo-center which has been confirmed using NOESY data.

scholarly journals The Challenge for Building Integration of Highly Transparent Photovoltaics and Photoelectrochromic Devices

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cannavale ◽  
Francesco Martellotta ◽  
Francesco Fiorito ◽  
Ubaldo Ayr
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Accurate Description ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Open Issues

This paper holds a critical review of current research activities dealing with smart architectural glazing worldwide. Hereafter, the main trends are analyzed and critically reported, with open issues, challenges, and opportunities, providing an accurate description of technological evolution of devices in time. This manuscript deals with some well-known, highly performing technologies, such as semitransparent photovoltaics and novel photoelectrochromic devices, the readiest, probably, to reach the final stage of development, to disclose the manifold advantages of multifunctional, smart glazing. The complex, overall effects of their building integration are also reported, especially regarding energy balance and indoor visual comfort in buildings.

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