scholarly journals Optimized preparation of quassinoids rich Eurycoma longifolia Jack, TAF2-phospholipid complex and its effects on oral bioavailability

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu-Yan Guo ◽  
Shu-Yan Wang ◽  
Jian Ren ◽  
Bo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Preparation Condition ◽  
Phospholipid Complex ◽  
Preparation Technology ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia Jack

Eurycoma longifolia Jack is a plant of the genus Eurycoma in Simaroubaceae. Eurycomanone is one of the main quassinoids of E. longifolia. Unfortunately, these quassinoids exhibit low bioavailability . In the present study, a phospholipid complex (TAF2-PC) was prepared to improve the oral bioavailability of TAF2 (Tongkat Ali Fraction 2). The complexation rate of eurycomanone and phospholipid was used as the index of success in the phospholipid complexes. The effects of reaction solvent, reaction temperature, drug concentration, drug-lipid ratio and reaction time on thecomplexation rate were investigated. Response Surface-Box-Behnken Design Method was performed to optimize the preparation technology and the pharmacokinetics of phospholipid complex of TAF2 were studied in rats. Our results showed that the optimum preparation condition of TAF2-phospholipid complex were as follows: reaction solvent, anhydrous ethanol; reaction time, 1 h; the ratio of TAF2 to phospholipid, 2.28; reaction temperature, 40.85 ℃; TAF2 concentration, 32.66 mg/ml; and complexation rate, 95.04 ± 0.4% (n=3).The results of pharmacokinetic study showed that the relative bioavailability was increased to 209.20% in the TAF2-phospholipid complex-treated rats.Thus,this phospholipid-complex-technique shows potential for enhancing oral bioavailability of poorly absorbed quassinoid-rich E. longifolia extract, TAF2.

The Preparation of Magnesium Hydroxide Whiskers

2017 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
pp. 350-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Li Ren ◽  
Qiang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Preparation Technology

The magnesium hydroxide whiskers,its length being about 30μm and its diameter being about 3μm, was prepared by hydrothermal conditions. The effect of preparation technology, which includes the reaction temperature and reaction time, was discussed according to the results of XRD, TEM, and SEM. Moreover, the mechanism of the preparation of magnesium hydroxide whiskers was studied.

Research on Preparation Technology Parameters of Two Organically Modified Bentonites

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Simulation Methods ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Preparation Technology ◽  
Organically Modified

This paper adopts the laboratory simulation methods and makes explorations on the best modification parameters of Bentonite affected by two kinds of organic substances, pig manure degradable solution and HDTMA. The best preparation technology condition for pig manure degradable solution modification Bentonite is W pig manure: WBentonite=3:1 (mass ratio). PH is 9. The reaction temperature is 40°C and the reaction time is 4h. The best preparation technology condition for HDTMA modification Bentonite is WHDTMA: WBentonite =1:2 (mass ratio). PH is 7. The reaction temperature is 90°C and the reaction time is 2.5h.

Study on Industry Process of the Rubber Anti-Oxidant RD

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Qin Yu Gao ◽  
Lian Xin Liu ◽  
Guang Xia Shi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Reaction Condition ◽  
Orthogonal Design Method ◽  
Anti Oxidant

This paper studied on the industry synthesis process of anti-oxidant RD ((2,2,4- trimethyl-1,2-dihydro- quinoline polymer (C12H15N)n.n=2-4)) .The content of dimer, trimer and tetramer of RD were taken as the inspection targets, used the orthogonal design method, and take the ratios of keto-amine, the reaction time, the reaction temperatures and the ratios of catalyst acid-amine as inspect factors to optimized reaction condition. The result indicated that the best ratio of keto-amine is 6.5:1, the reaction time is 6 hours, the range of the reaction temperature is 115-120°C, the beat ratio of acid-amine is 0.2: 1 (the proportion is the concentration ratio for mole). Under the optimization conditions, the yield stability of RD.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Terminalia arjuna Phospholipid Complex and Its Tablet Formulation by Qbd Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waghmare Sagar Saudagar ◽  
GiramPadamja Sidram ◽  
GholveSachin Baburo ◽  
Gaurav Agarwal Shilpi Agarwal ◽  
Bhusnure Omprakash Gadgeppa
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Molecular Complexes ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Phospholipid Complex ◽  
Surface Design ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Novel Drug

Phytosomes are a newly introduced novel drug delivery system and novel botanical formulation to induce lipophilic molecular complexes to enhance absorption and bioavailability of phytoconstituents. Terminali aarjuna phospholipid complex and it’s tablet formulations targeted for cardiovascular systems was prepared. Our study aims is for improving the cardioprotective activity by formulating Terminalia arjuna phospholipid complex tablet by using solvent evaporation method. and characterized by various parameters like solubility studies, particle size determination, infrared absorption (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), entrapment efficiency etc. as well as by applying QbD approach various general characteristics such as entrapment efficiency etc were also done. A QbD- based approach using a Box-Behnken design was done to obtain a response surface design expert software 9.0.5 to systematically study the combined influence of the formulation and process variables such as the phospholipids-drug ratio(X1, w/w), the reaction temperature(X2, °C), and the reaction time (X3, hrs) on a critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the product i.e., the entrapment efficiency. Using this design, the experimental trials were carried out at all 15 possible combinations. The preliminary investigation of the influence of factors revealed that all the tested variables, i.e., the phospholipids to drug ratio, the reaction temperature and the reaction time had a significant influence on the entrapment efficiency of the prepared phytosomes. The study revealed that the entrapment efficiency of Terminalia arjuna Phytosomes was found to be 83.0-97.9 %w/w.

Optimization of Magnesium Separation and Extraction from Boron Slurry Using Response Surface Methodology

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 366-369
Author(s):  
Feng Gao ◽  
Rong Fu ◽  
Ming Yang Qian ◽  
Zhu Min Wang ◽  
Xiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Effective Factors

Response surface methodology was used to optimize the soaking Mg leaching ratio from the boron slurry screened by 25 fractional factorial design. Five effective factors such as H2SO4 concentrations, reaction time, reaction temperature and stir velocity were tested by using 25 fractional factorial design criterion and three effective factors H2SO4 concentrations, reaction time and reaction temperature showed significant effect(P2SO4 concentrations of 0.29mol/l, reaction time of 90 min and reaction temperature of 50°C. Three runs of additional confirmation experiments were conducted. The mixture magnesium leaching value was 58.20%.

Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide Using Aluminum Salen-Type Initiators

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 713-716
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Jing Tian ◽  
Zhi Qi Cao ◽  
Ru Xia Xu ◽  
Zhen Zhen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Aluminum Complex

In this investigation, Schiff bases aluminum complex was synthesized and used as the initiator in the polymerization of D,L-lactide. The aluminum complex was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The influences of different factors, including reaction time, reaction temperature, and the ratio of D, L-lactide/Al3+ on the synthesis of polylactide were described. The results showed that Schiff bases aluminum complex could be successfully applied in the ring opening polymerization. The optimum condition of the ring opening polymerization of D,L-lactide, which included D,L-lactide/Al3+ (mol/mol) ratio of 250, reaction temperature of 120 °C, and reaction time of 16 hours.

scholarly journals Synthesis of propylene carbonate from urea and 1,2-propylene glycol over metal carbonates

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Zhou ◽  
Wu Dongfang ◽  
Birong Zhang ◽  
Yali Guo
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Lead Carbonate ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Metal Carbonates ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Mixed Carbonate

A series of single-metal carbonates and Pb-Zn mixed-metal carbonates were prepared as catalysts for alcoholysis of urea with 1,2-propylene glycol (PG) for the synthesis of propylene carbonate (PC). The mixed carbonates all show much better catalytic activities than the single carbonates, arising from a strong synergistic effect between the two crystalline phases, hydrozincite and lead carbonate. The mixed carbonate with Pb/Zn=1:2 gives the highest yield of PC, followed by the mixed carbonate with Pb/Zn=1:3. Furthermore, Taguchi method was used to optimize the synthetic process for improving the yield of PC. It is shown that the reaction temperature is the most significant factor affecting the yield of PC, followed by the reaction time, and that the optimal reaction conditions are the reaction time at 5 hours, the reaction temperature at 180 oC and the catalyst amount at 1.8 wt%, resulting in the highest PC yield of 96.3%.

Hydrothermal Sintering under Mild Temperature Conditions: Preparation of Calcium-deficient Hydroxyapatite Compacts

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1038-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumichi Yanagisawa ◽  
Jae-Hyen Kim ◽  
Chisato Sakata ◽  
Ayumu Onda ◽  
Eri Sasabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Reaction Parameter ◽  
High Bulk Density ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Mild Temperature ◽  
Short Time ◽  
High Bulk ◽  
Dissolution And Precipitation

Calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) prepared by the coprecipitation method was solidified by the hydrothermal hot-pressing technique, and compacts of CDHA with high bulk density beyond 80% were obtained at 200 ℃. Each reaction parameter, viz. reaction temperature, pressure, and time, was systematically changed from the standard conditions to investigate its effects on density, Vickers hardness, and Ca/P ratio of the compacts obtained. The reaction temperature and pressure had a large effect on densification, but not the reaction time because the densification proceeds in a short time. The densification by hydrothermal hot-pressing involved dissolution and precipitation of the starting CDHA powder, so that the Ca/P ratio changed from 1.52 of the starting powders to 1.61 of the compact obtained by hydrothermal hot-pressing at 200 ℃ and 35 MPa for 24 h with the addition of 10 wt.-% water

scholarly journals Optimization of Synthesis of Seleno-Sargassum fusiforme(Harv.) Setch. Polysaccharide by Response Surface Methodology, Its Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Bin Ji ◽  
Fang Dong ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Long Qin ◽  
Dan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Sargassum Fusiforme ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The response surface methodology was employed to optimize the synthesis conditions of seleno-Sargassum fusiforme(Harv.) Setch. polysaccharide. Three independent variables (reaction time, reaction temperature, and ratio of Na2SeO3to SFPSI) were tested. Furthermore, the characterization and antioxidant activity of Se-SFPSIin vivowere investigated. The result showed that the actual experimental Se content of Se-SFPSI was 3.352 mg/g at the optimum reaction conditions of reaction time 8 h, reaction temperature 71°C, and ratio of Na2SeO3to SFPSIB 1.0 g/g. A series of experiments showed that the characterization of Se-SFPSIB was significantly different from that of SFPSIB. Additionally, antioxidant activity assay indicated that the Se-SFPSIB could increase catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of mice bearing tumor S180in blood, heart, and liver while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. It can be concluded that selenylation is a feasible approach to obtain seleno-polysaccharide which was utilized as highly biological medicine or functional food.

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