scholarly journals Optimization of Synthesis of Seleno-Sargassum fusiforme(Harv.) Setch. Polysaccharide by Response Surface Methodology, Its Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Bin Ji ◽  
Fang Dong ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Long Qin ◽  
Dan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Sargassum Fusiforme ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The response surface methodology was employed to optimize the synthesis conditions of seleno-Sargassum fusiforme(Harv.) Setch. polysaccharide. Three independent variables (reaction time, reaction temperature, and ratio of Na2SeO3to SFPSI) were tested. Furthermore, the characterization and antioxidant activity of Se-SFPSIin vivowere investigated. The result showed that the actual experimental Se content of Se-SFPSI was 3.352 mg/g at the optimum reaction conditions of reaction time 8 h, reaction temperature 71°C, and ratio of Na2SeO3to SFPSIB 1.0 g/g. A series of experiments showed that the characterization of Se-SFPSIB was significantly different from that of SFPSIB. Additionally, antioxidant activity assay indicated that the Se-SFPSIB could increase catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of mice bearing tumor S180in blood, heart, and liver while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. It can be concluded that selenylation is a feasible approach to obtain seleno-polysaccharide which was utilized as highly biological medicine or functional food.

Synthesis of Ortho Phthaloyl Chloride Using Triphosgene by Response Surface Methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 3026-3032
Author(s):  
Xuan Tang ◽  
Xi Tao Cheng ◽  
Feng Lin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Experimental Values

A simple approach for the synthesis of Ortho Phthaloyl Chloride(OPC) was studied .Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the synthesis conditions of OPC. A 4-factor central composite design (CCD) was used for experimental design and analysis to obtain the optimal processing parameters, such as amount of triphosgene(BTC), amount of catalyst, reaction temperature and time. The 3-D response surface and the contour plots derived from the mathematical models were applied to determine the optimal conditions. The optimum reaction conditions were as follows: amount of BTC 62 g, amount of cat. 3.3 g, reaction temperature 75°C, reaction time 5 h. Under these conditions, The yield of OPC was 96.61%. Comparison of predicted and experimental values revealed good correspondence, implying that empirical model could be used to adequately describe the relationship between the factors and response in OPC synthesis process.

Optimization of Magnesium Separation and Extraction from Boron Slurry Using Response Surface Methodology

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 366-369
Author(s):  
Feng Gao ◽  
Rong Fu ◽  
Ming Yang Qian ◽  
Zhu Min Wang ◽  
Xiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Effective Factors

Response surface methodology was used to optimize the soaking Mg leaching ratio from the boron slurry screened by 25 fractional factorial design. Five effective factors such as H2SO4 concentrations, reaction time, reaction temperature and stir velocity were tested by using 25 fractional factorial design criterion and three effective factors H2SO4 concentrations, reaction time and reaction temperature showed significant effect(P2SO4 concentrations of 0.29mol/l, reaction time of 90 min and reaction temperature of 50°C. Three runs of additional confirmation experiments were conducted. The mixture magnesium leaching value was 58.20%.

scholarly journals Optimization of Enzymatic Synthesis of Betulinic Acid Amide in Organic Solvent by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Nurul Atikah Amin Yusof ◽  
Nursyamsyila Mat Hadzir ◽  
Siti Efliza Ashari ◽  
Nor Suhaila Mohamad Hanapi ◽  
Rossuriati Dol Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Substrate Molar Ratio

Optimization of the lipase catalyzed enzymatic synthesis of betulinic acid amide in the presence of immobilized lipase, Novozym 435 from Candida antartica as a biocatalyst was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) and 5-level-4-factor central-composite rotatable design (CCRD) were employed to evaluate the effects of the synthesis parameters, such as reaction time (20–36 h), reaction temperature (37–45 °C), substrate molar ratio of betulinic acid to butylamine (1:1–1:3), and enzyme amounts (80–120 mg) on the percentage yield of betulinic acid amide by direct amidation reaction. The optimum conditions for synthesis were: reaction time of 28 h 33 min, reaction temperature of 42.92 °C, substrate molar ratio of 1:2.21, and enzyme amount of 97.77 mg. The percentage yield of actual experimental values obtained 65.09% which compared well with the maximum predicted value of 67.23%. The obtained amide was characterized by GC, GCMS and 13C NMR. Betulinic acid amide (BAA) showed a better cytotoxicity compared to betulinic acid as the concentration inhibited 50% of the cell growth (IC50) against MDA-MB-231 cell line (IC50 < 30 µg/mL).

scholarly journals Subcritical Water Extraction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa: Optimization through Response Surface Methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selvakumar Thiruvenkadam ◽  
Shamsul Izhar ◽  
Yoshida Hiroyuki ◽  
Razif Harun
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction

Subcritical water extraction (SCW) was used to extract oil from Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The operational factors such as reaction temperature, reaction time, and biomass loading influence the oil yield during the extraction process. In this study, response surface methodology was employed to identify the desired extraction conditions for maximum oil yield. Experiments were carried out in batch reactors as per central composite design with three independent factors including reaction temperature (170, 220, 270, 320, and 370°C), reaction time (1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min), and biomass loading (1, 3, 5, 10, and 15%). A maximum oil yield of 12.89 wt.% was obtained at 320°C and 15 min, with 3% biomass loading. Sequential model tests showed the good fit of experimental data to the second-order quadratic model. This study opens the great potential of SCW to extract algal oil for use in algal biofuel production.

scholarly journals Efficient Removal of Cr (VI) with Biochar and Optimized Parameters by Response Surface Methodology

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
Hao Peng ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Hongzhi Qiu ◽  
Caiqiong Wang ◽  
Chenyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Efficient Reduction ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Positive Effect

A highly efficient reduction process of Cr (VI) with biochar was conducted in this paper. The results showed that nearly 100% Cr (VI) was reduced at selected reaction conditions: Dosage of biochar at m (C)/m(Cr) = 3.0, reaction temperature of 90 °C, reaction time of60 min, and concentration of H2SO4 of 20 g/L. The reduction kinetics analysis demonstrated that the reduction of Cr (VI) fitted well with the pseudo-first-order model and the apparent activation energy was calculated to be 40.24 kJ/mol. Response surface methodology confirmed that all of the experimental parameters had a positive effect on the reduction of Cr (VI). The influence of each parameter on the reduction process followed the order: Dosage of biochar>concentration of H2SO4>reaction temperature >reaction time. This paper provides a versatile strategy for the treatment of wastewater containing Cr (VI) and shows a bright tomorrow for wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Optimisation of Free Fatty Acid Removal in Nyamplung Seed Oil (Callophyllum inophylum L.) using Response Surface Methodology Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas ◽  
Haniif Prasetiawan ◽  
Radenrara Dewi Artanti Putri ◽  
Bayu Triwibowo ◽  
Siti Choirunisa Furi Kurnita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction

Nyamplung seed (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) oil is a prospective non-edible vegetable oil as biodiesel feedstock. However, it cannot be directly used in the alkaline catalysed transesterification reaction since it contains high free fatty acid (FFA) of 19.17%. The FFA content above 2% will cause saponification reaction, reducing the biodiesel yield. In this work, FFA removal was performed using sulfuric acid catalysed esterification to meet the maximum FFA amount of 2%. Experimental work and response surface methodology (RSM) analysis were conducted. The reaction was conducted at the fixed molar ratio of nyamplung seed oil and methanol of 1:30 and the reaction times of 120 minutes. The catalyst concentration and the reaction temperature were varied. The highest reaction conversion was 78.18%, and the FFA concentration was decreased to 4.01% at the temperature of 60℃ and reaction time of 120 minutes. The polynomial model analysis on RSM demonstrated that the quadratic model was the most suitable FFA conversion optimisation. The RSM analysis exhibited the optimum FFA conversion of 78.27% and the FFA content of 4%, attained at the reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, and reaction time of 59.09℃, 1.98% g/g nyamplung seed oil, and 119.95 minutes, respectively. Extrapolation using RSM predicted that the targeted FFA content of 2% could be obtained at the temperature, catalyst concentration, and reaction time of 58.97℃, 3%, and 194.9 minutes, respectively, with a fixed molar ratio of oil to methanol of 1:30. The results disclosed that RSM is an appropriate statistical method for optimising the process variable in the esterification reaction to obtain the targeted value of FFA.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF TRANSESTERIFICATION OF TRA FAT WITH KOH/y Al2O3 CATALYST USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Huong Thi Thanh Le ◽  
Tan Viet Le ◽  
Tan Minh Phan ◽  
Hoa Thi Viet Tran
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Heterogenous Catalyst ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

In this study, biodiesel was produced from fat of tra catfish by methanolysis reaction with KOH/y-A12O3 heterogenous catalyst. This research was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) based on four-variable central composite design (CCD) with a = 1,54671. The transesterification process variables and their investigated ranges were methanol/fat molar ratio (X1: 7/1 - 9/1), catalyst concentration (X2: 5%-7%), reaction time (X3: 60 min - 120 min), and reaction temperature (X4: 55 °C - 65 °C). The result show the biodiesel yield could be reach up to 92,8 % using the following optimized reaction condition: molar ratio of methanol/fat at 8,26/1, catalyst concentration of 5,79 %, reaction time of 96 min, and reaction temperature at 59,6 °C.

scholarly journals Efficient Removal of Cr (VI) with Biochar and Parameters Optimized by Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Peng ◽  
Jing Guo
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Efficient Reduction ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Positive Effect

A highly efficient reduction process of Cr (VI) with biochar was conducted in this paper. The results showed that nearly 100% Cr (VI) was reduced at selected reaction conditions: the dosage of biochar at m (C)/m(Cr) = 3.0, reaction temperature of 90 ℃, reaction time at 60 min and concentration of H2SO4 of 20 g/L, respectively. The reduction kinetics analysis demonstrated that the reduction of Cr (VI) fitted well with the pseudo-first-order model and the apparent activation energy was calculated to 40.24 kJ/mol. Response surface methodology confirmed that all the experimental parameters had positive effect on the reduction of Cr (VI). The influence of each parameter on the reduction process followed the order: dosage of biochar&gt; Concentration of H2SO4 &gt; Reaction Temperature &gt; Reaction Time. This paper provided a versatile strategy for treatment of wastewater containing Cr (VI) and showed a bright tomorrow for wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Optimisation of reaction parameters for a novel polymeric additives as flow improvers of crude oil using response surface methodology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Elganidi ◽  
Basem Elarbe ◽  
Norida Ridzuan ◽  
Norhayati Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Initiator Concentration ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Polymeric Additives

AbstractIn recent years, polymeric additives have received considerable attention as a wax control approach to enhance the flowability of waxy crude oil. Furthermore, the satisfactory model for predicting maximum yield in free radical polymerisation has been challenging due to the complexity and rigours of classic kinetic models. This study investigated the influence of operating parameters on a novel synthesised polymer used as a wax deposition inhibitor in a crude oil pipeline. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to develop a polynomial regression model and investigate the effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, and initiator concentration on the polymerisation yield of behenyl acrylate-co-stearyl methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride (BA-co-SMA-co-MA) polymer by using central composite design (CCD) approach. The modelled optimisation conditions were reaction time of 8.1 h, reaction temperature of 102 °C, and initiator concentration of 1.57 wt%, with the corresponding yield of 93.75%. The regression model analysis (ANOVA) detected an R2 value of 0.9696, indicating that the model can clarify 96.96% of the variation in data variation and does not clarify only 3% of the total differences. Three experimental validation runs were carried out using the optimal conditions, and the highest average yield is 93.20%. An error of about 0.55% was observed compared with the expected value. Therefore, the proposed model is reliable and can predict yield response accurately. Furthermore, the regression model is highly significant, indicating a strong agreement between the expected and experimental values of BA-co-SMA-co-MA yield. Consequently, this study’s findings can help provide a robust model for predicting maximum polymerisation yield to reduce the cost and processing time associated with the polymerisation process.

scholarly journals Enzymatic synthesis of low-trans blends from fractionated mustard oil and palm stearin with linoleic acid by response surface methodology

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
MA Alim ◽  
JH Lee ◽  
CC Akoh ◽  
KT Lee
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Solid Fat Content ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Mustard Oil

Low-trans blend (LTB) was produced from the fractionated mustard oil (solid phase, S-MO) and palm stearin (PS) through lipase-catalyzed reaction, in which linoleic acid (LA) was intentionally incorporated. For optimizing the reaction condition, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed with three reaction variables such as substrate mole ratio of S-MO to PS (X1), reaction temperature (X2) and reaction time (X3). The predictive models were adequate and reproducible due to no significant lack of fit and the P-value of the model was very small ω6/ω3 ratio, and satisfactory level of coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.89) for ω6/ω3 ratio. The ω6/ω3 ratio of LTB was affected by substrate mole ratio and reaction temperature but reaction time had no significant effect. For considering the ω6/ω3 ratio, the optimum condition found 1:1.7 substrate mole ratio, 61.42 _ reaction temperature and 25.85 h reaction time. Keywords: Low-trans blend; Mustard oil; Palm stearin; Lipase-catalyzed reaction; Response surface methodology; Solid fat content DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i1.4974 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 125-132, 2009

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