From the Editors

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. v-vi
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
East Germany ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Asylum ◽  
German Politics ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Key Aspects

Our Summer issue features three articles on key aspects of Germanpolitics and society. Belinda Cooper analyzes yet another angle of thethorny Stasi problem, in this case the role and presence of womenin the Stasi. Placing her discussion in the larger context of womenin East Germany, Cooper has fashioned a nuanced, meticulouslyresearched argument about an issue that remains pertinent in thedebate on Germany, women, unification, and the country’s complexpast. John Bendix and Niklaus Steiner provide a new epistemologicalprism for the evaluation of Germany’s much discussed problem ofpolitical asylum. They address this difficult topic in the context ofexisting approaches in comparative politics and international relations,featuring the notion of “national interest” in their presentation.Ludger Helms then offers a fascinating study of an often-neglectedinstitution of German politics: that of the federal presidency since1949. After a careful reading of this article, it is evident that the Germanpresidency deserves more attention in the future researchagenda of political scientists than it has garnered in the past.

Political Asylum in Germany: International Norms and Domestic Politics

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-49
Author(s):  
John Bendix ◽  
Niklaus Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Expected Utility ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Political Asylum ◽  
German Politics

Although political asylum has been at the forefront of contemporaryGerman politics for over two decades, it has not been much discussedin political science. Studying asylum is important, however,because it challenges assertions in both comparative politics andinternational relations that national interest drives decision-making.Political parties use national interest arguments to justify claims thatonly their agenda is best for the country, and governments arguesimilarly when questions about corporatist bargaining practices arise.More theoretically, realists in international relations have positedthat because some values “are preferable to others … it is possible todiscover, cumulate, and objectify a single national interest.” Whileinitially associated with Hans Morgenthau’s equating of nationalinterest to power, particularly in foreign policy, this position hassince been extended to argue that states can be seen as unitary rationalactors who carefully calculate the costs of alternative courses ofaction in their efforts to maximize expected utility.

E-Commerce Standards

2011 ◽  
pp. 2200-2224
Author(s):  
Stephen Hawk ◽  
Weijun Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Impact

This chapter introduces XML-based e-commerce standards that have emerged within the past decade. The chapter describes the history of e-commerce standards, and then presents representative horizontal and vertical e-commerce standards by detailing their functionality, and how their development has been shaped by various stakeholders. The chapter also describes the potential for these standards to transform B2B practice by providing three industry examples. The chapter finishes by suggesting directions for future research by describing factors that could influence the future of these standards. Due to the central role these standards are likely to play in future e-commerce activity, most firms will at some point need to become aware of their capabilities, their application, and potential impact. This chapter is intended to provide an overview of the situation as it is understood today, and presents likely scenarios for how these standards may progress.

Rationalizing Politics: The Emerging Synthesis of International, American, and Comparative Politics

1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen V. Milner
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
International System ◽  
Ir Theory ◽  
Strategic Interactions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Fertilization ◽  
Separate Discipline

International relations has often been treated as a separate discipline distinct from the other major fields in political science, namely American and comparative politics. A main reason for this distinction has been the claim that politics in the international system is radically different from politics domestically. The degree of divergence between international relations (IR) and the rest of political science has waxed and waned over the years; however, in the past decade it seems to have lessened. This process has occurred mainly in the “rationalist research paradigm,” and there it has both substantive and methodological components. Scholars in this paradigm have increasingly appreciated that politics in the international realm is not so different from that internal to states, and vice versa. This rationalist institutionalist research agenda thus challenges two of the main assumptions in IR theory. Moreover, scholars across the three fields now tend to employ the same methods. The last decade has seen increasing cross-fertilization of the fields around the importance of institutional analysis. Such analysis implies a particular concern with the mechanisms of collective choice in situations of strategic interaction. Some of the new tools in American and comparative politics allow the complex, strategic interactions among domestic and international agents to be understood in a more systematic and cumulative way.

International Cooperation Theory and International Institutions

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Dai ◽  
Duncan Snidal ◽  
Michael Sampson
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
21St Century ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Game Theoretic

The study of international cooperation has emerged and evolved over the past few decades as a cornerstone of international relations research. The strategy here for reviewing such a large literature is to focus primarily on the rational choice and game theoretic approaches that instigated it and have subsequently guided its advance. Without these theoretical efforts, the study of international cooperation could not have made nearly as much progress—and it certainly would not have taken the form it does in the 21st century. Through this lens, we can identify major themes in this literature and highlight key challenges for future research

scholarly journals The Greenlandic Question: An International Relations Analysis of a Post-Independence Inuit Nation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wood
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Special Position ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Self Rule

Greenland is a sub-national jurisdiction of the Kingdom of Denmark, yet holds a special position within due to the Self-Rule Act of 2009. For decades, Greenlandic politicians have clamored for independence in various ways. This article explores through an International Relations Theory lens as to the schools and modes of IR that Greenland has used in the past in order to predict how an independent Greenland may act in the future. By exploring these theories, the paper shines light on which theories and strategies may be best for Greenlanders.

Grand Days, Dark Palaces

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Rae ◽  
Christian Reus-Smit
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Justice ◽  
Liberal Internationalism ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Do So

Exploring contradictions inherent in liberal orders, this chapter questions the treatment of liberalism in the International Relations academy as a relatively straightforward set of beliefs about the individual, the state, the market, and political justice. It asserts that the contradictions and tensions within liberal internationalism are in fact deep and troubling. Highlighting some of liberalism's obscured and sometimes denied contradictions — between liberal ‘statism’ and liberal ‘cosmopolitanism’; between liberal ‘proceduralism’ and liberal ‘consequentialism’; and between liberal ‘absolutism’ and liberal ‘toleration’ — the chapter explores their implications for liberal ordering practices internationally. It concludes that liberal political engagement necessitates a more reflective standpoint and more historical sensibility if we are to be aware of how contradictions have shaped liberal orders in the past and are likely to continue to do so in the future.

Enhancing Nursing Research With Children and Families Using a Developmental Science Perspective

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARET S. MILES ◽  
DIANE HOLDITCH-DAVIS
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nursing Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Developmental Science ◽  
Research With Children ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Key Aspects

Nursing scholarship on children and their families has increased rapidly over the past decades. This research focuses on infants, children, and adolescents and their families facing acute or chronic illness, as well as on promoting health and preventing disease in children. While the amount and scope of research in pediatric nursing has increased, the methods and theories used are diverse and are often not based on the most recent science in the broader fields of developmental research. Developmental science, which evolved over the past two decades into a new interdisciplinary framework for the study of human development, involves an integrated holistic, developmental, and systems-oriented perspective. According to this view, the individual functions and develops through dynamic and complex processes involving the integration of many systems within the individual, including mental, biological, and behavioral systems. In addition, individuals function and develop in a continuously ongoing, reciprocal process of interaction with their environment and, as such, have an influence on that environment. These nonlinear, dynamic processes demand complex conceptualizations and research designs if one is to truly understand human development, including health and illness. Key aspects of developmental science important in conceptualization, design, measurement, and data analysis are identified. By providing a framework for critiquing research and presenting recommendations for future research based on developmental science, we hope to move nursing research with children forward toward more developmentally sound knowledge of nursing practice.

Women Entrepreneurs: A Research Overview

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candida G. Brush
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Despite the proliferation of research, the population of women entrepreneurs is vastly understudied. This is surprising considering women are one of the fastest rising populations of entrepreneurs, and contribute significantly to innovation, job creation, and economies around the world. Why are women entrepreneurs comparatively understudied? What have we learned about women entrepreneurs in the past few decades? What are the future research directions? This article addresses these questions. It begins with a brief overview on the extent of research on women's entrepreneurship and considers reasons why they are under-studied. The article also explores empirical findings in terms of similarities and differences between men and women entrepreneurs, then it concludes with suggestions for future research.

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