scholarly journals Frenchman, Jew, Positivist

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-186
Keyword(s):  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Jewish Intellectual ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Historical Dynamics ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Sociological Method ◽  
Special Location ◽  
The Way

This article investigates German-speaking scholarship’s reception of the programme of scientific sociology that Durkheim presented in The Rules of Sociological Method. It highlights intra-European historical dynamics and academic hierarchies. References to national, cultural, disciplinary and theoretical frames of reference are clearly discernible in the ways the Rules have been read and Durkheim has been mapped. First, his reception was embedded in a complex geometry of power between two nation states during a historical period of competitive nationalism. Second, it was affected by the way he was perceived within networks of academics who occupied unequal geo-cultural positions inside and across nation states. At times, the special location assigned to him as a Jewish intellectual played an important role. Third, his positioning as a positivist within the specific epistemological structuring of sociology is key to understanding how he was perceived east of the Rhine.

scholarly journals Virtual exchange: Romania and Hungary 100 years later

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Andra Cioltan-Drăghiciu ◽  
Daniela Stanciu
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Method ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Way

The aim of this Virtual Exchange (VE) project was to bring together students from the Andrássy Gyula German speaking university (AUB) in Budapest, Hungary, and Lucian Blaga University in Sibiu (LBUS), Romania, in order for them to get to know their neighbors and reflect on the way the end of WWI is remembered 100 years later. In this case study, we discuss the way we conceived the three iterations of the VE (2018-2020), the challenges we faced on different levels, as well as the value of this teaching method for the academic field of history.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Jing Meng
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
First Person ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
The Way ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

Autobiography, then, has the unenviable task of confronting, confounding, and even confirming the assumptions, impressions, and (mis)conceptions about the author’s or filmmaker’s identificatory positionings. —Alisa S. Lebow1 1.Alisa S. Lebow, First Person Jewish (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008), xviii. Born after the Cultural Revolution, I began to know about that historical event from the odd line in a textbook and through occasional films and television dramas set in that period. To a large extent, filmic representations, be they memoirs or fictions, form the way I perceive and make sense of this historical period that I never experienced. The Cultural Revolution, though known to many people as ten years of turmoil and disaster, seems to me a distant, tough, and yet passionate era. My parents recount anecdotes of their schooldays, and they sometimes even express longing for the ‘good old days’ of innocence and carefreeness. In the 1995 film ...

Trade and Financial Relations between India and Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-182
Author(s):  
Pallavi Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
The Other ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Face ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

In this chapter, I chart out how partition shifted the terms of trade between two points now divided by the boundary line. While, on the one hand, both governments made lofty declarations of carrying out trade with one another as independent nation states—taxable, and liable to regulations by both states—on the other, they were also forced to come to a series of arrangements to accommodate commercial transactions to continue in the way that they had always existed before the making of the boundary. In many instances, in fact, it was actually impossible to physically stop the process of commercial transactions between both sides of the border, and the boundary line. Therefore, the question this chapter is concerned with is the extent to which both governments’ positions were amenable to the necessities of contingency, demand, and genuine emergency, in the face of a great deal of rhetoric about how the Indian and Pakistani economies had to be bolstered on their own merits.

Rape and domestic sexual assault

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa L. Sample ◽  
Emily C. Radar
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

The way in which we define rape and domestic sexual assault, the rates at which it occurs, the motives for offending, and the legislative and criminal justice responses have varied across and within nation-states over time. This essay covers the historical context of rape laws, legal definitions of rape over time, how definitions of rape vary across nations, and the inclusion of domestic sexual assault in rape definitions. It reviews the rates of rape over time across nations using official and victimization data. It discusses the motives offered to explain, rationalize, or justify forced sexual assault and analyses the legislative and criminal justice responses to rape across countries over time. The essay concludes with a discussion of how rape definitions, laws, and criminal justice responses may continue to evolve.

scholarly journals History between Red Brackets

Museum Worlds ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-181
Author(s):  
Johan Hegardt
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
East European ◽  
History Museums ◽  
Soviet Occupation ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Memory Culture ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Cold War

This article derives from the research project entitled “Art, Culture and Conflict: Transformations of Museums and Memory Culture around the Baltic Sea after 1989,” which was financed by the Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies, Södertörn University. It discusses how history museums in Finland, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have reacted to the fall of the Iron Curtain and the conclusion of the Soviet occupation of the three Baltic states. It argues that the Cold War is understood by the museums as a special historical epoch not comparable to any other historical period in these six countries. It concludes that to be able to deal with this particular point in history we either need to metaphorically put the Cold War in between red brackets, as it were, which makes it possible to address the Cold War when needed, or to place it outside the historical narrative of the modern rise of the five discussed nation-states.

The Transcontinental Maghreb

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwige Tamalet Talbayev
Keyword(s):  
Nation Building ◽  
Albert Camus ◽  
The Political ◽  
Heuristic Model ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Historical Dynamics ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Way

Critically engaging the concept of the Mediterranean as a “liquid continent” (Gabriel Audisio), the book argues in favor of a “transcontinental” heuristic model that rests on the transmaritime deployment of the Maghreb within the millennia-old relation that has materially and culturally bound it to multiple Mediterranean sites. Studying a Mediterranean-inspired body of texts from Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Gibraltar in French, Arabic, and Spanish, the book delivers provocative analyses that complicate the dichotomy between nation and Mediterranean, the valence of the postcolonial topos of nomadism in the face of postcolonial trauma, and conceptions of the Mediterranean as a mythical site averse to historical realization. The book substitutes a trans-Mediterranean reading of Kateb Yacine’s Nedjma as allegory of the Maghreb’s long-standing plurality for Albert Camus’ colonialist Mediterranean utopia. Through this adjusted Mediterranean genealogy, it reveals the intersection of these Mediterranean imaginaries with Maghrebi claims to an inclusive, democratic national ideal yet to be realized. Attuned to both the perpetual fluctuation of the Mediterranean as method and the political imperatives specific to the postcolonial Maghreb, the transcontinental reveals the limits of models of hybridity and nomadism oblivious to material realities. Through a sustained reflection on the potential and limitations of allegory and critical melancholia, the book shows how the Mediterranean successfully decenters postcolonial nation-building projects and mediates the nomadic subject’s reinsertion into a revised national collective respectful of heterogeneity. These far-reaching adjustments to our readings of the Maghreb and the Mediterranean help us rethink not just the space of the sea, the hybridity it produced, and the way it shaped historical dynamics (globalization, imperialism, decolonization, and nationalism) but also the very nature of postcolonial histories and identities along its shores.

Hopes and sighs: the Swiss Cooperative Storage Facility

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 170-181
Author(s):  
Ulrich Niederer
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Green Building ◽  
High Density ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Libraries ◽  
Evaluation Phase ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Complete Process ◽  
The Way

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the Swiss Cooperative Storage Facility, a high bay, high density, automated, and oxygen reduced off-site storage facility which serves five research libraries from the German speaking part of Switzerland; it opened in February 2016. Design/methodology/approach – It describes the complete process of evaluating and planning this innovative facility. Findings – It explains the way the cooperation of the five libraries in highly federalist Switzerland was achieved, what principles guided its organization, and how the libraries prepared their holdings for this off-site storage. It shows the construction as an ecologically driven green building with economical advantages. Originality/value – The project seems to be the second automated and oxygen-reduced library storage facility worldwide, after the British Library’s Additional Storage Buildings, and the depth and detail of the evaluation phase is new.

Dehierarchization and Sustainable Development in Liberal and Non-liberal Societies

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Wissenburg
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Moral Pluralism ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Liberal Societies ◽  
Political Norms ◽  
The Way

Modern societies appear to be going through a phase of dehierarchization, that is, a change in the way of governance of nation states, from direction of, to cooperation with, civil society; and in more general terms political pluralization, the emergence of “polities” other than the nation state. The paper argues that one of the most stressing problems of political pluralization is the co-existence of mutually effacing or contradictory systems of political norms. To tackle this problem of incompossibility, it has been suggested that policy teloi, shared conceptions giving direction to cooperative political ventures, in particular sustainable development, could be helpful. This article investigates whether sustainable development as a policy telos can tackle incompossibility, both in liberal (democratic) and non-liberal (democratic) societies. The paper concludes that its best chances of being temporarily successful lie in understanding it in the broadest sense possible—particularly if one values moral pluralism.

scholarly journals Assault and Battery, or Legitimate Treatment?

Gesnerus ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 206-221
Author(s):  
Andreas-Holger Maehle
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Legal Justification ◽  
Assault And Battery ◽  
The Way

In response to cases of high handed medical interventions and treatments, a debate on the legal justification of operations and the relevance of patients’ consent developed among German-speaking jurists in the 1890s. The view that surgery was objectively physical injury or battery, which went merely unpunished through the patient’s consent, was highly contested among legal experts and firmly rejected by doctors. Various proposals to justify indicated medical treatment without consent were discussed. German jurisdiction, however, endorsed the battery theory of medical interventions and thus prepared the way for the concept of informed consent in medicine.

scholarly journals Investigating speaker individuality in the Swiss Standard German of four Alemannic dialect regions: Consonant quantity, vowel quality, and temporal variables

Loquens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e070
Author(s):  
Urban Zihlmann
Keyword(s):  
Education Level ◽  
Vowel Quality ◽  
Articulation Rate ◽  
Temporal Variables ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

While German-speaking Switzerland manifests a considerable amount of dialectal diversity, until the present day the phonetic interrelation of Alemannic (ALM) dialects and spoken Swiss Standard German (SSG) has not been studied with an acoustic phonetic approach on the speaker level. In this study, out of a pool of 32 speakers (controlled for sex, age, and education level) from 4 dialectologically distinct ALM areas, 16 speakers with 2 dialects were analysed regarding SSG consonant duration (in words whose ALM equivalents may or may not have a geminate), 8 speakers from the city of Bern (BE) were analysed for vowel quality, and 32 speakers were analysed for temporal variables, i.e., articulation rate (AR) and vocalic-speech percentage (%V). Results reveal that there is much intradialectal inter- and intraspeaker variation in all three aspects scrutinised, but especially regarding vowel quality of BE SSG mid vowels and temporal variables. As for consonant quantity, while intradialectal interspeaker variation was observed, speakers showed a tendency towards normalised SSG consonant durations that resemble the normalised consonant durations in their ALM dialect. In general, these results suggest that a speaker’s dialect background is only one factor amongst many that influence the way in which Swiss Standard German is spoken.

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