scholarly journals Battlegrounds of dependence

Focaal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (90) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Keir Martin ◽  
Ståle Wig ◽  
Sylvia Yanagisako
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Fundamental Characteristic ◽  
Wage Labor ◽  
The Way

Interdependence is a fundamental characteristic of human existence. The way in which certain dependencies are acknowledged as opposed to those that are hidden, or the ways in which some are validated while others are denigrated, is central to how social inequalities are reproduced and recreated. In this introduction we explore how particular dependencies are categorized, separated, and made visible or invisible as part of their performative effect. In particular, we explore the distinction between wage labor and kinship as two forms of relatedness that are often separated in terms of the (in)dependence that they are seen to embody. Even though they are practically entangled, their conceptual separation remains important. These conceptual separations are central to how gender difference is imagined and constituted globally.

Why Phenomenology?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Present Approach ◽  
The Self ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Pure Intuition ◽  
The Way

This chapter sets out the rationale for adopting a phenomenological approach to the devout life literature. Distinguishing the present approach from versions of the phenomenology of religion dominant in mid-twentieth-century approaches to religion, an alternative model is found in Heidegger’s early lectures on Paul. These illustrate that alongside its striving to achieve a maximally pure intuition of its subject matter, phenomenology will also be necessarily interpretative and existential. Although phenomenology is limited to what shows itself and therefore cannot pass judgement on the existence of God, it can deal with God insofar as God appears within the activity and passivity of human existence. From Hegel onward, it has also shown itself open to seeing the self as twofold and thus more than a simple subjective agent, opening the way to an understanding of the self as essentially spiritual.

scholarly journals Ethical Turn in Legal Analogy

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 159-182
Author(s):  
Felicitas Opwis
Keyword(s):  
Human Existence ◽  
Ethical Content ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lasting Influence ◽  
The Way ◽  
Divine Law

Al-Ghazālī’s articulation that the purposes of the divine Law (maqāṣid al-sharīʿa) are to attain maṣlaḥa for the five necessary elements of human existence was not only novel but had long-lasting influence on the way Muslim jurists understood the procedure of analogy (qiyās). The correctness of the ratio legis was determinable by its consequences in bringing about maṣlaḥa. This shift was possible only by intellectual shifts in understanding the relationship between ethics and law. This paper traces the development in conceptions of ethics and its impact on the procedure of analogy in three 5th/11th century predecessors of al-Ghazālī, namely al-Baṣrī, al-Dabbūsī, and al-Juwaynī. It shows that al-Ghazālī’s definition of the purposes of the Law was developed based on previous conceptual shifts in the ratio legis from being a sign for the ruling to reflecting the ethical content of the divine injunction.

Judicial Artificial Intelligence Bias: A Survey and Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
Ogochukwu Constance Ngige ◽  
Oludele Awodele ◽  
Oluwatobi Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Artificial Intelligence System ◽  
Intelligence System ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Way

Artificial intelligence (AI) has continued to disrupt the way tasks are being carried out, finding its way into almost all facets of human existence, and advancing the development of human society. The AI revolution has made huge and significant inroad into diverse industries like health, energy, transport, retail, advertising, et cetera. AI has been found to assist in carrying out tasks more quickly and efficiently too. Tasks which were hitherto difficult have been simplified significantly through the use of AI. Slow adoption in judiciary has however been reported, compared to other sectors. A lot of factors have been attributed to this, with AI bias being an issue of concern. Decisions emanating from courts have a significant impact on an individual’s private and professional life. It is thus imperative to identify and deal with bias in any judicial AI system in order to avoid delivering a prejudiced and inaccurate decision, thereby possibly intensifying the existing disparities in the society. This paper therefore surveys judicial artificial intelligence bias, paying close attention to types and sources of AI bias in judiciary. The paper also studies the trust-worthy AI, the qualities of a trust-worthy artificial intelligence system and the expectations of users as it is being deployed to the judiciary, and concludes with recommendations in order to mitigate the AI bias in Judiciary.

Phenomenological-Contextualism All the Way Down: An Existential and Ethical Perspective on Emotional Trauma

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Robert D. Stolorow
Keyword(s):  
Human Existence ◽  
Context Dependence ◽  
Emotional Trauma ◽  
Existential Philosophy ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Psychoanalytic Perspective ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

After giving a brief overview of the phenomenological-contextualist psychoanalytic perspective, this chapter traces the evolution of my conception of emotional trauma over the course of three decades, as it developed in concert with my efforts to grasp my own traumatized states and my studies of existential philosophy. It illuminates two of trauma’s essential features: its context-embeddedness and its existential significance. I also describe the impact of trauma on the phenomenology of time and the sense of alienation from others that accompanies traumatic temporality. While discussing the implications of all these formulations for the development of an ethics of finitude, it contends that the proper therapeutic comportment toward trauma is a form of emotional dwelling. The chapter concludes by analyzing the metaphysics of trauma in terms of a “phenomenological-contextualism all the way down,” which embraces the unbearable vulnerability and context-dependence of human existence.

Conclusion: The American Creed

2021 ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
D. G. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Business Leaders ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Divine Providence ◽  
American Creed ◽  
The Way

The Conclusion sums up how, after Franklin’s death, his reputation rested on contemporaries and then historians and other writers. He had limited appeal to prominent Protestants even as business leaders and pastors later embraced Franklin’s understanding of religion in relation to the way to wealth. Historians recognized his remarkable career even while granting other American statesmen, no more devout than Franklin, were more profound than the Founder in their interpretations of divine providence. Franklin did not produce a set of reflections on the tragic aspects of human existence the way that other notable Americans did with the help of Protestant teaching. But he was no less a Protestant culturally than these other figures.

Boundaries of Embodiment in Sounded Melancholy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Gill
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
The Way

Chapter 4 grounds claims about musicians’ melancholic modalities in a multifaceted study of embodiment in Turkish classical musicking. After an investigation of how musicians describe the sensations of bodily melancholy to explain sonic melancholy, the chapter studies the way that melancholic affective practices differentiate specific kinds of boundaries: boundaries demarcating gender difference, weeping and tears and elucidating bodily boundaries, and theologies of listening that demarcate boundaries between the spiritual and the mundane. The chapter concludes that the musicians’ experiences suggest that the boundaries are meant to be crossed, because it is the very labor of crossing that makes individuals who they are.

The Philosophy of the Myōken: The Ethics of the Dead and Bodhisattvas

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Fumihiko Sueki ◽  
Anton Luis Sevilla
Keyword(s):  
Human Existence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Religious View ◽  
Japanese Buddhism ◽  
Lotus Sutra ◽  
The World ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Mahāyāna Buddhism ◽  
The Way

AbstractToday, the modern value systems that once held sway have fallen apart, and people throughout the world are wandering in an aimless state. Amidst this, we are pressed to ask, “What kind of a new ethics might we construct?” We need to consider the possibility of an ethics that focuses on the religious view of humankind (previously ignored by modernity), that goes beyond this life, and includes the next life. In this article, I examine the way of being of bodhisattvas in Mahāyāna Buddhism via the Lotus Sutra. According to the Lotus Sutra, human existence is one that necessarily relates with the other, and this relationship is not confined to this life, but continues from past lives to future lives. Here, I refer to this as “bodhisattva as existence.” On this basis, it is possible to think of an ethics of “bodhisattva as praxis” that considers the benefit of others even after death. This view of bodhisattvas in the Lotus Sutra lives on in Japanese Buddhism and can be said to point to a new possibility for ethics today.

Tragic Representation: Paul Klee on Tragedy and Art

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Rosario Acosta López
Keyword(s):  
Modern Art ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Paul Klee ◽  
Heaven And Earth ◽  
The Way

Abstract This paper traces and examines the different connotations given to the notion of “tragedy” in Paul Klee’s thought. From his early reflections on, Klee relates this notion to an intermediate and conflictive condition that characterizes human existence—an existence that takes place between heaven and earth, between the ethereal and the earthly. This essay focuses on how the connotations Klee gives to tragedy in different moments of his reflections transform the way he conceives the work of art. Hence, I will attempt to show how Klee’s reflections relate the tragedy of human existence not only to the figure of the artist, understood as a tragic figure, but also to an idea of tragedy that the work produces and represents in its own particular way of coming into being. Thus, this paper poses a new approach to Klee’s suggestive proposal on modern art as well as to the meaning given to pictorial representation throughout his thought and artworks.

Struggles over the Use of Public Space: Exploring Moralities and Narratives of Inequality. Cartoneros and Vecinos in Buenos Aires

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
NATALIA COSACOV ◽  
MARIANO D. PERELMAN
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

AbstractBased on extensive and long-term ethnographic fieldwork carried out between 2002 and 2009, and by analysing the presence, use and struggles over public space of cartoneros and vecinos in middle-class and central neighbourhoods of the city of Buenos Aires, this article examines practices, moralities and narratives operating in the production and maintenance of social inequalities. Concentrating on spatialised interactions, it shows how class inequalities are reproduced and social distances are generated in the struggle over public space. For this, two social situations are addressed. First, we explore the way in which cartoneros build routes in middle-class neighbourhoods in order to carry out their task. Second, we present an analysis of the eviction process of a cartonero settlement in the city.

Coping with Evil in Ghanaian Pentecostalism

Exchange ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Quayesi-Amakye
Keyword(s):  
Human Existence ◽  
The Devil ◽  
The Way

From songs, sermons and practices, this article examines the way Ghanaian Pentecostals address the question of evil and suffering. It approaches this from the perspective of common believers and leadership. The discussions reveal that there are multiple understandings, perceptions and interpretative tensions concerning how to cope with evil among Ghanaian Pentecostals. Whereas common believers approach it through what Opoku Onyinah calls ‘witchdemonology’, leadership considers this as inadequate. This is because common believers fail to understand the role of evil and suffering in human existence. As such they tend to promote the devil far above the Almighty God. According to leadership the presence of evil may not necessarily contradict God’s goodness and purpose. The paper concludes with some Biblical propositions in an attempt to resolve the apparent tension.

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