Self-Compassion and Empathy as Predictors of Happiness among Late Adolescents

Happiness is a fundamental characteristic of life, helping individuals to become healthy and productive members of society. Pakistan has been ranked as the 67th happiest country out of 156 countries in the world. Self-compassion (SC) and empathy are considered some of the finest emotions and moral values of human beings leading to a happier life. This is the first study in South Asia that examined self-compassion as a moderator between empathy and happiness. Furthermore, we also determined self-compassion and empathy as predictors of happiness among late adolescents. Data collected from 566 students, selected randomly from different educational institutions in Lahore, suggested that self-compassion (r = 0.273) and empathy (r = 0.131) had a significant positive relationship with happiness. Self-compassion and empathy both significantly predicted happiness. Male adolescents had slightly higher self-compassion and mindfulness than females. Self-compassion (F (3, 562) = 29.74, p = 0.000) was found to significantly moderate the relationship between empathy and happiness. Self-compassion can be highly beneficial to relate to oneself, specifically for adolescents who are involved in developing their identities and self-worth, and it makes their transition from adolescence to adulthood easy.

Why African Norms Matter: Understanding Subsidiarity in Peacemaking in Africa

This article explains the problem facing the UN and African regional organizations in applying the principle of subsidiarity in peacemaking. It draws on the concept of norm subsidiarity and studies African norm-setting instruments. It finds that the African Union is a subsidiary agent in the global order and formulates parallel but distinct norms to retain autonomy, claim primacy and deflect implementing uncomfortable external principles. The AU policies show the norm subsidiary, not localizing, behaviour. Conversely, African subregional organizations exhibit the norm localizing behaviour, indicating the willingness to modify and accept global and regional rules. The significance is that existing knowledge assumes that the AU is or should be a localizing agent, as Chapter VIII of the UN Charter prescribed. Crucially, African norms matter because they are a fundamental characteristic of African agency. This paper contributes to a broader understanding of African agency in international relations and global security governance.

Five hundred million years to mobility: directed locomotion and its ecological function in a turtle barnacle

Movement is a fundamental characteristic of life, yet some invertebrate taxa, such as barnacles, permanently affix to a substratum as adults. Adult barnacles became ‘sessile’ over 500 Ma; however, we confirm that the epizoic sea turtle barnacle, Chelonibia testudinaria , has evolved the capacity for self-directed locomotion as adults. We also assess how these movements are affected by water currents and the distance between conspecifics. Finally, we microscopically examine the barnacle cement. Chelonibia testudinaria moved distances up to 78.6 mm yr −1 on loggerhead and green sea turtle hosts. Movements on live hosts and on acrylic panels occasionally involved abrupt course alterations of up to 90°. Our findings showed that barnacles tended to move directly against water flow and independent of nearby conspecifics. This suggests that these movements are not passively driven by external forces and instead are behaviourally directed. In addition, it indicates that these movements function primarily to facilitate feeding, not reproduction. While the mechanism enabling movement remained elusive, we observed that trails of cement bore signs of multi-layered, episodic secretion. We speculate that proximal causes of movement involve one or a combination of rapid shell growth, cement secretion coordinated with basal membrane lifting, and directed contraction of basal perimeter muscles.

Pastoral Instruction in ‘As You Like It’

This chapter evaluates William Shakespeare’s As You Like It. If critics of As You Like It agree on one thing, it is that the play is pastoral-romantic by genre. However, there are some problematic features of As You Like It, which have been called antipastoral. Shakespeare by no means flouts or satirizes pastoral convention, but merely selects a particular shade of mixed, realistic pastoral, in the interests of a particular strategy. A complex departure from pastoral is made by the prominent introduction of hunting. A fundamental characteristic of pastoral was its apparent artlessness: pastoralists went to great lengths to avoid the implication of knowledge in their shepherds. Shakespeare uses this convention to amusing effect when he makes the ultrapastoralist Jaques pretend that he is innocent of even the most ordinary technical terms of poetry. In the mixed pastoral romance, a very limited instructional element entered, in that the temporary shepherds were initiated into the value of stoicism and heard idealistic speeches about love. But in As You Like It, the educational element bulks so large as to become the main activity. The chapter then considers how As You Like It contains many references to time and objective measures.

Chiral nanomaterials for tumor therapy: autophagy, apoptosis, and photothermal ablation

Chirality is a fundamental characteristic of natural molecules and a crucial factor in the biochemical reactions of living cells and organisms. Recently, researchers have successfully introduced chiral molecules to the surfaces of nanomaterials, creating chiral nanomaterials that exhibit an upscaling of chiral behavior from the molecular scale to the nanoscale. These chiral nanomaterials can selectively induce autophagy, apoptosis, and photothermal ablation in tumor cells based on their chirality, making them promising for application in anti-tumor therapy. However, these interesting and important phenomena have hitherto received little attention. Accordingly, we herein present a review of recent research progress in the field of chiral nanomaterials for tumor therapy along with brief looks at the mechanistic details of their actions. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of chiral nanomaterials in terms of maximizing their potential in tumor therapy are discussed. Thus, this review provides a helpful introduction to the design of chiral nanomaterials and will hopefully highlight the importance of chirality in tumor therapy.

From First-Union Separation to Stepfamily in Italian Context: Building a Stepcouple Identity

The present work aimed to explore the building process of couple identity for stepcouples’ partners. Fifteen Italian women and fifteen Italian men, engaged in a new couple’s relationship after first-union separation or divorce, were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were analyzed through a Grounded Theory approach . Results showed that the first-union separation experience plays an important role in the process of stepcouple identity building, as it influences the priorities in individual organization of life, qualities, and expectations about new relationships, the importance attributed to individual, couple, and family boundaries, and the choice of the new partner. New functional stepcouple relationships are characterized by a strong sense of shared projects and purposes. This generative dimension, clearly perceived by interviewees as a fundamental characteristic of stepcouple identity, is a resource, in spite of complexity and challenges of stepcouples’ life cycle.

إشكالية التأنيث المجازي في اللغة العربية ومحاولة تعليله

Ta'nitsMajazi(Figurative femininity) is one type of femininity which is a fundamental characteristic of the Arabic language. Recognizing of Ta'nitsMajazi is considered as one of the determinants of one's fluency in Arabic. This is because the majority of words in Arabic cannot be separated from the existence of gender, both male and female. What's more, the Arabs regard even objects as having sex as living things. So they put gender markers on these inanimate objects in a metaphor. This causes the Ta'nitsMajazi to become increasingly difficult to learn and to become more widely discussed until most people (including linguists) suspect that theseTa'nitsMajazi are included in the irregular discussion. So this study aims to make it easier for Arabic language students to recognize and master the Ta'nitsMajazi.

Traveling With the Greek Language through Time

Introduction. A language is the fundamental characteristic of a nation’s identity. It can unite the members of an ethic team and set them apart from the members of other ethnic teams. Aim. In this current review, the study presents the evolution of the Greek language from the ancient times, all the way up to today. Methodology. The study’s material consists of articles related to the topic, found in Greek and International και databases, the Google Scholar, and the Hellenic Academic Libraries (HEAL-Link). Results. The Greek language has been used since the third millennia B.C.. During the ancient times, it was the most widely used language in the Mediterranean Sea and South Europe. Until the fifth century B.C., the Greek language was a total of dialects. The Attica Dialect stood out from this dialectical mosaic. Then came the Hellenistic Common, which became the hegemonic language, the lingua franca of the "universe". The Hellenistic Common evolved to the Middle Ages Greek, and later the New Greek (fifth century A.D. - today). Besides, the creation of the New Greek state resulted to the gradual formation of the New Common, which will become the modern New Greek Common, under the effect of the scholar language. Conclusion. The Greek language keeps borrowing and assimilating words from other languages today, just like it did in the past, remaining unbroken for forty centuries.

Status of Home Head woman from a sociological point of view

The sweetness of domestic life begins with the labor of mankind. The connection and happiness of the human relationship is due to the combination of the two hearts. The Ancient Tamil community has observed that although sexual desire is a fundamental characteristic of living organisms, morality, honesty and high character should be practiced in them. This article focuses on the sociological interpretation of the immoral attacks of the leader in tamil poems created by promoting morality, the physiological lying characteristics of the leader and the psychological implications they create.