scholarly journals Interpretation and Rationality

Theoria ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (167) ◽  
pp. 39-65
Author(s):  
Nikolay Gudalov
Keyword(s):  
Donald Davidson ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Rational Communication

Although influential in philosophy and relevant to international political theory’s (IPT) key concerns, Donald Davidson has not received commensurate attention in IPT. I aim here to commence filling this gap. I explore Davidson’s insights which fruitfully challenge established disciplinary views. The notions of rationality, objectivity and truth, and, on the other hand, those of intersubjectivity, language and interpretation are often needlessly separated and constricted by seemingly alternative approaches. Davidson firmly reconnects these notions. He helps rethink the realist, strong post-positivist, but also liberal, ‘thin’ constructivist and critical (not thoroughly contextualist) approaches. He bridges the normative cosmopolitan–communitarian distinction. Eventually, Davidson laid foundations for a perspective foregrounding possibilities for rational communication and agreement between very different contexts and also for the non-dogmatic, pluralist and dynamic nature of communication itself.

Acquiring Incorruption: Maximian Theosis and Scientific Transhumanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Torrance
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Material World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Maximus The Confessor

Several theologians have pointed to resonances between the Greek Patristic doctrine of deification or theosis and recent transhumanist narratives: both discourses indicate death as the final enemy of humankind and invest heavily in a hoped-for transcendence of life as we know it. These resonances will be investigated further by comparing the approach to human nature found in Maximus the Confessor and in the prominent transhumanists Nick Bostrom and John Harris. In addition to sharing with transhumanists a disavowal of death and a trajectory towards transcendence, Maximus also shares a view of human nature that is more dynamic and open-ended than is commonly attributed to his Late Antique context. On the other hand, Maximus also insists on the persistence of this dynamic nature in its integrity even into the eschaton. He does so for a number of reasons that should give Christians pause about any rhetoric that calls for an abandonment of human nature: (1) that theosis depends precisely on sharing a human nature with Christ; (2) that our vocation as mediators in creation depends on our physical bodies as the locus of shared existence with the material world; and (3) that corruption has a providential use in binding us together with our neighbors and in cultivating virtue as we strain for the incorruptible and supernatural gift of theosis.

Negotiating “White Rooster” Magic and Binitarian Christology

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-279
Author(s):  
Yishai Kiel
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Jewish Culture ◽  
Ancient Judaism ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Roman Culture ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The One

The article explores a set of religious and mythical motifs found in a Jewish Babylonian Aramaic magic bowl from the Moussaieff collection (M 163), which includes references to the sun god Šamaš(-Mithra); Jesus, his heavenly Father, and the cross; binitarian Christology; the oppression of the Great Man of the End and Suffering Messiah; a cosmic bird referred to as White Rooster; and a semi-divine angelic figure called ḤRWM AḤRWM. These motifs are situated in the broader context of contemporaneous Jewish Babylonian traditions incorporated in the talmudic, mystical, and magical corpora, on the one hand, and the surrounding Christian, Syro-Mesopotamian, and Iranian cultures, on the other hand. The article contributes to the decentralization of Greco-Roman culture as the sole context for ancient Judaism as well as the decentralization of rabbinic expressions as representative of ancient Jewish culture at large. The cultural mapping of the religious and mythical motifs found in this magic bowl, both within and beyond the confines of Jewish Babylonia, exemplifies the complex and dynamic nature of the participation of Jewish Babylonian magic practitioners, not only in the larger fabric of contemporaneous talmudic, mystical, and magical currents in Jewish culture, but also in the broader framework of the Christian, Syro-Mesopotamian, and Iranian cultures that pervaded the Sasanian East.

scholarly journals La polyphonie discursive : un modèle ancré sur la ScaPoLine et le dialogisme

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Francis Badiang Oloko
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Great Caution ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Contextual Elements ◽  
Interactive Nature

The present work is intended as a contribution to the development of a discourse polyphony approach. Polyphony in language studies can take different meanings depending on the various approaches as Nølke, Fløttum, and Norén (2004) report. There has been a proliferation of perspectives and approaches to multivoicedness since the early works of Ducrot (1984). Ducrot himself was largely inspired by Genette's theses as well as by Bally's works. The link between him and Bakhtin's legacy is not as direct as it seems with literature (Nølke 2017). It is quite the opposite with dialogism theory (Bres 1999). The latter appears to draw more directly from Bakhtin (Dendale and Coltier 2006). Some of the approaches to multivoicedness are described as linguistic due to their focus on language features solely. Others on the other hand transcend the limits of language and integrate contextual information. Gjerstad (2011) is the first attempt to develop a model of polyphony whose focus is beyond mere linguistic features. His discourse polyphony approach takes into account intentionality and the interactive nature of speech. This was achieved  through the combination of the ScaPoLine approach with dialogism and the Geneva Model. The present contribution bridges from Gjerstad’s (2011). However, it limits the scope to the blending of the ScaPoLine and dialogism. After answering the question about the relevance of a discourse polyphony approach, this article offers a description of its scope, and the consequences of the incorporation of contextual elements into the polyphonic configuration taken up from the ScaPoLine. The result is tested on two concrete examples. If the conclusions to these examples approve the need for a discourse polyphony approach, its implementation requires some flexibility to match the dynamic nature of discourse also. Similarly, the relevance of context must be looked at with great caution.

scholarly journals Dynamics and statics in onomastics

Neophilology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Maria S. Dzyuba
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Cultural Preferences ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Systemic Nature ◽  
The One

We consider static and dynamic in onomastics. We establish that, despite the fact that the synchronic and diachronic approaches to language are quite independent techniques, it must be admitted that “static”, although it may seem paradoxical, is not a synchronic, but a diachronic fact, which can be discovered when considering the language in time perspective. We justify that ergonyms serve people of adjacent generations and, on the one hand, ergonyms are supposedly stable and static, but, on the other hand, they are subject to dynamic processes. This inconsistency is the basis for the existence of egronyms and the source from development. On the material of oikodomonyms with the onymic part “anthroponyms”, reflecting the territorial variants depending on the linguistic and linguo-cultural preferences of the Tambov inhabitants, and the word “home”, the static and dynamic nature of the ergonomic category is considered. We prove that the identification of what is static and what is dynamic is possible only after the establishment of certain historical stages (boundaries) in the language. This will allow a native speaker to perceive the language as an objectively existing means of communication, and a linguist – to establish the systemic nature of the language and evaluate it retrospectively and prospectively.

scholarly journals Davidson and Rorty on truth

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-57
Author(s):  
Filip Cukljevic
Keyword(s):  
Richard Rorty ◽  
Donald Davidson ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Concept Of Truth

The aim of this study is to compare the different understandings of truth provided by Donald Davidson and Richard Rorty. First we will show how these philosophers criticise traditional notions of truth. We will then examine why Rorty?s understanding of truth is a version of the deflationary understanding of truth. On the other hand, we will see that Davidson finds the basis for his understanding of truth in the theory of truth offered by Tarski. While considering their views on the concept of truth we will take into account their different metaphilosophical motivations. Finally, it will be shown that Davidson, unlike Rorty, accepts a realistic understanding of the truth in a more decisive way.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

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