scholarly journals DEPENDENCE OF PHYTOTOXICITY OF CULTURAL FILTRATES OF THE FLAX ANTHRACNOSE PATHOGEN COLLETOTRICHUM LINI MANNS ET BOLLEY STRAINS ON THE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
N. V. Proletova
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Weakly Virulent ◽  
Highly Virulent

The aim of this work is to determine the amino acid composition of the cultural filtrates of the flax anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum lini Manns et Bolley strains to adjust the concentration of the selective agent in the nutrient medium when creating new flax genotypes resistant to anthracnose in vitro. It was found that the cultural filtrates of strains 527 and 608 contain such amino acids as alanine, glycine, asparagine, cysteine, threonine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, as well as arginine in the highly virulent strain 527. The traces of tyrosine and lysine in the weakly virulent strain 608 were also found. On the day of cultivation, the supply of nutrients in the cultivation medium was apparently depleted, and the fungus began to use the products of its vital activity for life support. In the culture filtrate of the highly virulent strain 527, the concentration of all certain amino acids was significantly higher than in the culture filtrate of the weakly virulent strain 608. It was shown that the 23-day culture filtrate of the highly virulent strain 527 had the highest toxicity which is lower than in all genotypes taken in the study. The toxicity of the culture filtrate depends on the virulence of the anthracnose pathogen strain. The culture filtrate of a highly virulent strain is more toxic than a weakly virulent one. The presence of cysteine in the culture filtrates of the strains increases the possibility of inhibiting the growth and development of flax cells in in vitro culture. When using the culture filtrate of anthracnose pathogen strains containing asparagine, glutamine, serine, glycine, aspartic and glutamic acids, it is possible to induce the growth and development of flax cells in vitro. As the fungal mycelium grew in the culture filtrates, the concentrations of alanine, asparagine, glycine, aspartic and glutamic acids decreased. Due to the high concentration of cysteine and tyrosine, the culture filtrates of strains 419 and 639 were toxic during the entire study period (up to 42 days).

scholarly journals QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF PROTEINS IN COOKED SAUSAGES WITH FOOD COMPOSITIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Fursik ◽  
I. Strashynskiy ◽  
V. Pasichny ◽  
О. Kochubei-Lytvynenko
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Experimental Sample

. In the article, the data are given of research carried out in vitro to determine the amino acid composition and the degree of digestibility of the reference and experimental samples of cooked sausage, with the use of the protein-containing composition developed. The protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) has been calculated to clarify the assimilation of amino acids that enter the body as part of proteins in experimental cooked sausage samples.It has been established that replacing a part of the meat raw material with the protein-containing composition in the formula of cooked sausages does not affect significantly the amino acid composition of the finished product. The addition of mechanically deboned poultry meat reduces the amount of such essential amino acids as isoleucine by 68 %, compared with the control formula, leucine by 38 %, and valine by 48 %. At the same time, the content of lysine significantly increases by 1.5 times.  The in vitro index of digestibility for an experimental sample of cooked sausages with protein-containing composition at the pepsinolysis stage is slightly reduced compared with the reference sample (by an average of 7 %). At the second stage of hydrolysis (trypsin enzyme), this parameter does not differ from the reference one. During the two stages of hydrolysis, this parameter, with mechanically deboned poultry meat introduced, decreased by an average of 20 %, compared with the reference sample.Calculated PDCAAS has allowed establishing that the true efficiency of proteins in cooked sausages is different from the in vitro index of digestibility, which is due to the presence of limiting values of the essential amino acids content in the product.

AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS IN CULTURE FILTRATES OF THE ANTHRACNOSE PATHOGEN FUNGUS COLLETOTRICHUM LINI

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
N. V. Proletova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Russian Research

The research was carried out on the basis of laboratory biotechnologies of All-Russian research institute of flax (Tver region) in 2010–2012, 2016. The aim of the work was to determine the amino acid and protein composition of culture filtrates of the anthracnose pathogen fungus Colletotrichum lini Manns et Bolley in order to adjust the concentration of selective agent in the nutrient medium when creating in vitro new flax genotypes resistant to anthracnose. It was established that the culture filtrates of strains 527 and 608 contain such amino acids as alanine, glycine, asparagine, cysteine, threonine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, as well as arginine in strain 527 and traces of tyrosine and lysine in strain 608. It was established that the concentration of amino acids in EC of strain 527 was significantly higher than in culture filtrate of strain 608. It was shown that the toxicity of the culture filtrate depended on the degree of aggressiveness of the anthracnose pathogen strain – culture filtrate of a strongly aggressive strain is more toxic than the culture filtrate of a weakly aggressive strain. Studies have revealed that when cultivating the fungus-causative agent of anthracnose on a nutrient medium, as the mycelium of fungus grew, the concentrations of asparagine, alanine, aspartic and glutamic acids, and glycine decreased in the culture filtrates. It was established that the change in amount of proteins happened during the entire period of cultivation of the mycelium of fungus on a liquid nutrient medium. It is shown that accumulation and content of proteins in culture filtrates of strains of different aggressiveness occurs in different ways. The more aggressive strain is (639), which is more toxic, contains and accumulates more proteins in the culture medium during the entire period of growth and development the less aggressive strain is (419).

NODULATION OF TRIFOLIUM ALEXANDRINUM IN VITRO AND NITRATE EFFECT ON THE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF THE PLANT AND ITS ROOT EXUDATE

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1189-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Subba-Rao ◽  
P. Vasantha
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Root Exudate ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Trifolium Alexandrinum

A method to bring about legume root nodulation in vitro by growing berseem plants (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) aseptically and inoculating the roots with the specific Rhizobium has been attempted. The method was used to verify the reported field observations of inhibitory effects of excess of combined nitrogen in soil on nodulation. To find out how far the presence or absence of nitrate had interfered with the amino acid composition of the plant and its root exudate, the root media and extracts of plant tissue of both nitrate-added and nitrate-free uninoculated plants at different ages during seedling growth were analyzed for free amino acids by paper chromatography. As expected, variations in the presence or absence of different amino acids occurred. However, it was observed that although asparagine was present in plant tissue in relatively higher concentration in both the nitrate-added and nitrate-free series, it was exuded by roots of nitrate-added series alone. Attention has been drawn to the presence of tryptophane in root exudates and its implication in the infection process of legumes by Rhizobium, since the amino acid is a possible precursor of indoleacetic acid, which, in turn, has been shown to effect curling and deformation of root hairs, a phenomenon observed in pre-penetration stages of legume–Rhizobium symbiosis.

scholarly journals The in vitro determination of the protein quality of rumen microorganisms of cows on urea-rich feed

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Eeva-Liisa Syväoja ◽  
Matti Kreula
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Amino Acid Compositions

The amino acid composition, essential amino acid index (EAA-I), pepsin-pancreatin in vitro digestibility and pepsin-pancreatin-digest-residue-index (PPDR-I) of the rumen bacterial and protozoal protein of cows fed urea and ammonium salts as their sole source of nitrogen (0-cows) or as a partial source (ULP-cows), and of cows on normal protein-rich feed (NorP-cows), were determined. The amino acid compositions of the rumen bacteria showed very slight changes even though the diets were very different. The amino acid compositions of the pure bacterial strains isolated from the rumina differed slightly. The amino acid compositions of the rumen protozoa of the ULP- and NorP-cows differed only with respect to isoleucine and tyrosine. Protozoa could be found only occasionally in the rumen of the 0-cow, there being only two species. Their nutritional significance was obviously very small. When the nutritional quality of the microbial protein was studied on the basis of its amino acid composition it was found that the EAA-I of bacteria did not differ significantly. Neither did the EAA-I of protozoa differ. The pepsin-pancreatin in vitro digestibility of protozoa was higher on all the feeds than that of bacteria. The rumen bacterial in vitro digestibility with 0-cows differed from that of the ULP-samples but not from that of the NorP-samples. The digestibility of single amino acids, With the exception of diaminopimelic acid, glycine and alanine, did not differ from the digestibility of the total amino acids. The much larger number of bacteria in the rumen of 0-cows compared with those of ULP- and NorP-cows compensates in this way for the lower digestibility of bacterial protein in 0-cows. The PPDR-I of both bacteria and protozoa were well correlated with the in vitro digestibility.

scholarly journals FRUCTOSE-AMINO ACIDS IN LIVER: STIMULI OF AMINO ACID INCORPORATION IN VITRO

1955 ◽  
Vol 215 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Borsook ◽  
Adolph Abrams ◽  
Peter H. Lowy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Incorporation ◽  
Acid Incorporation

scholarly journals Transdermal Delivery Systems for Ibuprofen and Ibuprofen Modified with Amino Acids Alkyl Esters Based on Bacterial Cellulose

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6252
Author(s):  
Paula Ossowicz-Rupniewska ◽  
Rafał Rakoczy ◽  
Anna Nowak ◽  
Maciej Konopacki ◽  
Joanna Klebeko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Acid Ester ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Amino Acid Ester ◽  
Isopropyl Ester ◽  
Isopropyl Esters ◽  
Transdermal Application

The potential of bacterial cellulose as a carrier for the transport of ibuprofen (a typical example of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) through the skin was investigated. Ibuprofen and its amino acid ester salts-loaded BC membranes were prepared through a simple methodology and characterized in terms of structure and morphology. Two salts of amino acid isopropyl esters were used in the research, namely L-valine isopropyl ester ibuprofenate ([ValOiPr][IBU]) and L-leucine isopropyl ester ibuprofenate ([LeuOiPr][IBU]). [LeuOiPr][IBU] is a new compound; therefore, it has been fully characterized and its identity confirmed. For all membranes obtained the surface morphology, tensile mechanical properties, active compound dissolution assays, and permeation and skin accumulation studies of API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) were determined. The obtained membranes were very homogeneous. In vitro diffusion studies with Franz cells were conducted using pig epidermal membranes, and showed that the incorporation of ibuprofen in BC membranes provided lower permeation rates to those obtained with amino acids ester salts of ibuprofen. This release profile together with the ease of application and the simple preparation and assembly of the drug-loaded membranes indicates the enormous potentialities of using BC membranes for transdermal application of ibuprofen in the form of amino acid ester salts.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis and predicted functional effect of protein mutations of E6 and E7 HPV16 strains isolated in Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
Dwi Wulandari ◽  
Lisnawati Rachmadi ◽  
Tjahjani M. Sudiro
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Hpv16 E6 ◽  
E6 And E7 ◽  
Neutral Mutations

Background: E6 and E7 are oncoproteins of HPV16. Natural amino acid variation in HPV16 E6 can alter its carcinogenic potential. The aim of this study was to analyze phylogenetically E6 and E7 genes and proteins of HPV16 from Indonesia and predict the effects of single amino acid substitution on protein function. This analysis could be used to reduce time, effort, and research cost as initial screening in selection of protein or isolates to be tested in vitro or in vivo.Methods: In this study, E6 and E7 gene sequences were obtained from 12 samples of  Indonesian isolates, which  were compared with HPV16R (prototype) and 6 standard isolates in the category of European (E), Asian (As), Asian-American (AA), African-1 (Af-1), African-2 (Af-2), and North American (NA) branch from Genbank. Bioedit v.7.0.0 was used to analyze the composition and substitution of single amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis of E6 and E7 genes and proteins was performed using Clustal X (1.81) and NJPLOT softwares. Effects of single amino acid substitutions on protein function of E6 and E7 were analysed by SNAP.Results: Java variants and isolate ui66* belonged to European branch, while the others belonged to Asian and African branches. Twelve changes of amino acids were found in E6 and one in E7 proteins. SNAP analysis showed two non neutral mutations, i.e. R10I and C63G in E6 proteins. R10I mutations were found in Af-2 genotype (AF472509) and Indonesian isolates (Af2*), while C63G mutation was found only in Af2*.Conclusion: E6 proteins of HPV16 variants were more variable than E7. SNAP analysis showed that only E6 protein of African-2 branch had functional differences compared to HPV16R.

scholarly journals The Amino Acid Composition of Keratins

1955 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Merino Wool

The amino acid composition of 16-hr 6N HCI hydrolysates of three qualities of commercially classified wools has now been determined using the technique of Moore and Stein (1951). In this paper the results obtained on samples of Merino 70's and Corriedale 56's wool are compared with those previously reported for Merino wool of 64's quality. The overall pattern of the amino acid composition of the three wools is similar although small variations between the wools are observed with some of the amino acids.

scholarly journals Identification in skeletal muscle of a distinct extracellular pool of amino acids, and its role in protein synthesis

1971 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hider ◽  
E. B. Fern ◽  
D. R. London
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Kinetics Of

1. The kinetics of radioactive labelling of extra- and intra-cellular amino acid pools and protein of the extensor digitorum longus muscle were studied after incubations with radioactive amino acids in vitro. 2. The results indicated that an extracellular pool could be defined, the contents of which were different from those of the incubation medium. 3. It was concluded that amino acids from the extracellular pool, as defined in this study, were incorporated directly into protein.

scholarly journals Amino acid production in isolated rat liver mitochondria

1973 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ferdinand ◽  
W. Bartley ◽  
V. Broomhead
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Cysteic Acid ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Isolated Mitochondria ◽  
Selective Retention

Amino acid analyses of mitochondrial membranes are compared with the amino acid composition of whole mitochondria (Alberti, 1964) and found to be very similar except in the cystine content. The composition of the endogenous amino acids found in freshly prepared mitochondria has been established and shown to differ considerably from the amino acid composition of membranes or whole mitochondria. The amino acids produced during anaerobic incubation of mitochondria at pH7.4, on the other hand, resemble the membrane in composition, supporting the view that neutral proteinase activity is responsible for their appearance. Aerobic incubation produces a similar pattern of amino acids except that amino acids such as proline, serine, asparagine, glutamic acid and glutamine, which can be metabolically utilized under aerobic conditions, are present to a smaller extent. The presence of large relative concentrations of endogenous taurine, cysteic acid and oxidized glutathione and the accumulation of taurine during incubation is found. The selective retention of taurine and cysteic acid within the mitochondria is established. It is proposed that the first step in the degeneration of isolated mitochondria results from lipid hydroperoxide accumulation caused by the lack of glutathione reductase in isolated mitochondria.

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