Change the condition of spring wheat when adding bacterial-humic preparation to herbicides

The authors studied the effect of the bacterial-humic preparation AFG-b containing the spore-forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a production experiment in the northern forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Priob’ye region. The preparation was used on midearly spring wheat, which forms grain at the level of valuable wheat. The drug was used as an antistressant together with herbicides against dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants. The tank mixture used was metsulfuron-methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl with the antidote cloquintoset-mexyl and 2-ethyl hexyl ester of 2,4-D with florasulam. The bacterial-humic preparation AFG-b is known to level out herbicide stress in wheat and improve plant health. It improves the condition of leaf cell membranes by preventing the escape of electrolytes from the cells. On the roots of plants one month after applying the antistressant, the authors observed a 1.5-2 times reduction in the development and prevalence of root rot of fusarium-helminthosporiosis etiology. The authors also marked the most pronounced phytosanitary effect of the preparation’s bacteria, which are antagonists of phytopatho- gens for plants’ primary roots and epicotyl. An increase in plant productivity manifests the anti-stress and growth-stimulating effect of AFG-b. During the growing season of 2020, the bio preparation combined with herbicides provided a reliable increase of 40.2% of the grain of spring wheat and improved its quality by enhancing the protein and gluten content. Under 2019 conditions, AFG-b increased grain yield relative to herbicides by about 8% and did not affect grain quality. Application of AFG-b as an anti-stressant is not accompanied by improvement of seed quality of the new crop. It does not improve its phytosanitary status in infestation by phytopathogens Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium sp., Alternaria, Stagonospora nodorum, Penicillium and Aspergillus relative to herbicides alone.

Sowing methods of maise for hay in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia

The authors showed the results of studies of productivity parameters of different early maturing maise hybrids depending on the method of sowing. Experiment included 5 variants: single- seeded hybrids Kubansky 101 and Kubansky 500, Kubansky 101 + Kubansky 500 (50 + 50% of the full seeding rate), Kubansky 101 + Kubansky 500 (25 + 75%) and Kubansky 101 + Kubansky 500 (75 + 25%). The authors carried out a biological yield survey on 10 September. This recording showed that the ultra-early-ripening hybrid Kubansky 101 CB was in the phase of milk-wax maturity of the grain, and the late-ripening Kubansky 500 CB was in the phase of cob formation. In single-species crops, the yields were naturally higher. The late-maturing hybrid yielded 82.0 t/ha, 38.1 t/ha higher than the ultra-maturing hybrid. However, the dry matter yield of the second hybrid was 15.9 % higher, and the cob yield was 29 % higher. The dry matter concentration of the hybrid Kubansky 500 was only 18.8 %. The hybrid Kubansky 101 CB had a dry matter concentration of 34.7 %. Different variations with the ratio of hybrids of different ripeness groups in the sowing showed that in green matter yield, the variants where the proportion of late-ripening hybrid is higher are superior. Thus, the presence of 75% hybrid Kubansky 500 CB allowed obtaining the highest yield of 77.2 t/ha. This yield is almost two times higher than the yield of the single-variety ultra-ripening hybrid (43.9 t/ha). However, the dry matter concentration here was 20.2 %. According to the biochemical analysis of the silage batches harvested, all the forages were benign. No oily acid was detected, and lactic acid predominated over acetic acid. Hay prepared from hybrid Kubansky 101 SV was 33.8% in dry matter content, which compares favourably with silage prepared from hybrid Kubansky 500 SV and mixtures with Kubansky 101 SV. The hybrid Kubansky 500 SV and mixtures with Kubansky 101 SV accounted for 21 % dry matter content. In silage prepared from hybrid Kubansky 101 SV, the percentage of dry matter is 24.2-25 %.

Chromosomal mutations in high-yield Holstein cows

The results of the research of somatic chromosomal instability: aneuploidy and polyploidy in the blood cells of high-yield Holstein cows with the productivity of more than 9000 kg have been presented in the article. The research was conducted in JSC Vaganovo, Promyshlennovsky District, Kemerovo Region on the population of Holstein cows. Sample preparation was carried out accord- ing to P. Moorhead et al. Samples were stained using the Romanowsky-Giemsa method. The authors studied 6068 metaphase plates in a group of 30 healthy animals. Aneuploidy was counted according to the practice of N.P. Bochkov et al. The authors also analysed the ecological situation in the area of keeping and breeding cattle. Studies of soil, fodder, organs and tissues in farm animals of different species confirm that heavy metal and chemical pollutants are not contaminated in Western Siberia, and their levels are within sanitary norms. Therefore, the ecological situation in the study area should be considered safe. The study shows that the frequency of polyploidy was 0.59% in the studied sample. Tetraploidy, triploidy, and hexaploidy rates were 0.33; 0.18 and 0.06, respectively, the frequency of true hypoploidy was 0.73, and the number of diploid cells was 84.7%. The data obtained can be tentatively applied as average values and can also be used to evaluate the interior of the animals.

Effect of metformin on the development of Sarcoma Walker-256

There has been a great deal of interest in veterinary medicine in drugs that support the body during chemotherapeutic treatment. The authors conducted a study of the drug’s effect on the development of carcinosarcoma in the mono regimen. The growth pattern of artificially induced Walker-256 sarcoma in 3-month-old Wistar rats in the post-lactation period was studied. The study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology and General Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.The study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology and General Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. The objects of the study were Wistar rats, female rats of three months of age, weighing 150-200 g in the post-lactation period. Rats of both groups were infected with Walker 256 sarcoma by injection into the thigh muscle at a dose of 106 ml/head. Rats in the experimental group were additionally administered metformin at 30 mg/head daily with water. Histological, cytological and haematological studies were performed on days 14 and 21 from the time of infection of the rats with the tumour. Under the action of metformin, the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes in Walker-256 sarcoma-infected rats increased, the concentration of haemoglobin decreased, and the number of platelets did not change. In the biopsy specimen of control rats compared to the counterparts of the experimental groups, the concentration of monocytes was increased. The number of eosinophils and nuclear polymorphism was decreased under the influence of metformin. In addition, metformin-induced neuropsychiatric abnormalities in rats, such as appetite perversion and cannibalism. The more pronounced inflammatory response in the experimental group indicates that further study of the drug’s effect on the development of various neoplasms is necessary, as this is an essential factor in the choice of the treatment strategy.

Effect of sowing dates of donor plants and concentration of 2,4-D on the purity of productive anther formation of common barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in anther culture in vitro.

Creating dihaploid lines of agricultural plants is a labour-intensive but essential step in variety production in modern plant breeding. This stage allows significantly accelerate the process of creating new varieties of common barley and other crops. Barley digaploids are produced mainly by anther culture and microspore culture. The authors preferred anther culture in vitro. In the present study, the influence of climatic factors in the cultivation of donor plants on the yield of productive anthers at different sowing dates was established. The authors also identified the more stable culti- vars with a high anther production regardless of sowing date (Signal, Laureate and Eifel). Varieties showed the highest number of embryo-like structures formation at the first and third sowing dates (Zu Suren, Zu Zaza); and sorts with a high rate of productive anther formation at the second sowing date (Acha, Exploer) were identified. Different concentrations of 2,4-D in N6 medium on the frequency of embryogenesis and yield of productive anthers were studied. As a result of this study, the authors found that different concentrations of 2,4-D (1 mg/l and two mg/l) had no significant effect on the for- mation frequency of productive anthers in all the varieties studied. When the embryogenesis capacity of the cultivars was reviewed, all the samples were found to be positive in anther culture. However, the array Zu Suren had a significantly lower effective anthers yield than the samples Signal and Acha. As a result of correlation analysis, the authors found a close relationship between the length of the ear tube of donor plants and the frequency of formation of productive anthers (r = -0.69). A close relationship with the development of optimal microspore phase for the induction of androgenesis in anthers extracted from the ear tube with an average length of 6 cm was determined. This information can significantly speed up the selection of donor plants, but it is recommended to confirm the stage of microspore development microscopically for each new cultivar used.

Evaluation of source material for selection Dactylis glomerata in Primorsky Region conditions

Dactylis glomerata is an upland loose-flattened perennial herb, the most shade-tolerant of the common grasses. Low winter hardiness is an obstacle to the wide use of Dactylis glomerata as a grassland crop and a limiting factor for the release of varieties in the Primorsky Region. The devel- opment of highly winter-hardy intensive types of dwarf Dactylis glomerata is an important area of breeding work. The study aims to study promising source material of Dactylis glomerata for further use in creating new winter-hardy, high-yielding varieties. The authors have identified types for the yield of intensive varieties by studying the collection of Dactylis glomerata for the period 2018-2020 in the conditions of the Primorsky Region. The Dactylis glomerata plants reach full development and the highest yields in the third year of life. In terms of green matter yields in the two years of use, several Dactylis glomerata exceed the standard by 29-34%. These are variety samples 41821 Wild (Norway), 40280 Wild (Altai), and Sverdlovchanka 86 (Ural Agricultural Research Institute). The va- rieties Sverdlovchanka 86 (Urals Agricultural Research Institute), Dikorastushchaya (Primorskaya local) and 32028 Dikorastushchaya (Arkhangelskaya region) were distinguished by seed yield in the two years of use, having exceeded the standard by 113-153%. The winter hardiness of plants in the first winter is a limiting factor for Dactylis glomerata in Primorsky Krai conditions. The identified differences in the winter hardiness of plants allow the best of them to be used in selection. In the col- lection nursery of Dactylis glomerata, a variety of varieties with 100% winter hardiness of plants in the first winter after sowing were: 48113 Aukstuole (Lithuania), 41821 Wild (Norway), 40896 Wild (Kazakhstan), Sverdlovchanka 86 (Agricultural Research Institute), Wild (Primorsky Region).

Study of seeded pea lines in a nursery of competitive varietal trials under drought conditions in 2020

Peas are affected by weather conditions. The effects of adverse factors do not affect the formation of the crop for the better. Under the influence of drought and high temperatures, there was an inhibition of growth processes, namely, the construction of the leaf apparatus, which, in turn, led to a sharp decline in seed productivity. It is crucial to have varieties (lines) with a more stable and shorter period from sprouting to maturity, taking into account the sharply changing heat and moisture supply in the Akmola region, making it possible to harvest the crop earlier. The authors obtained the relationship between yield and abiotic factors and morphobiological characteristics of peas in the conditions of the Akmola region for 2020. In their research, the authors found that weather conditions influenced the duration of the growing season 2020 and the grain yield of field peas. The ever-increasing season for pea lines was within 83-91 days. The peculiarities of the lines used, temperature regime and precipitation of the third decade of June influenced the duration of two periods (sprouting-flowering and flowering-ripening). Yields of pea lines in the nursery of competitive variety trials ranged from 2.80 (line 93-04-2) to 18.53 c/ha (line 6-08-7). As a result of their research, the authors found a positive average correlation between plant height and the number of beans (r = 0.33). The average plant height per sample was 62 cm. The average number of beans per plant in the nursery was 5.9, and the average number of seeds was 20.0. The research results can be successfully used in the cultivation of domestic and foreign varieties of field peas. In international practice, the results of this experiment can be applied in the selective improvement of field peas and the creation of new high-tech varieties.

Peculiarities of age-related morphological changes in the dermal-hair cover of the Pamir yak ecotype bred in the mountain zone of Northern Tajikistan

In the process of animal adaptation to changing environmental conditions, the hair cover, which is known to perform a heat-protective function primarily, plays a significant role. The hair cover of animals undergoes changes depending on the season of the year and the natural and climatic zone in which the animals live. It has its peculiarities in different species (breeds). The nature and features of the hair cover of animals are often used by scientists to compile zoological systematics, assess the health and constitution types of animals, their acclimatisation ability, etc. In this article, the authors reviewed age-related changes in weight, size, thickness and tightness of animal skins (changes in skin thickness from the ridge to the floor) and features of the hair cover of the skin’s yaks of Northern Tajikistan. The authors also noted that in all animals, the weight of hides increases in proportion to the rise in live body weight. The absolute importance of skins, up to the age of half a year of yaks, is almost two times higher than cattle. In yaks at one- and three years old, the thick- ness of skins at the standard point in these animals is somewhat comparable. But the thickness of the pelts in the collar and area of hiding yak next to the floor remains higher by about 25-40%. Yaks are known to have three main categories of hair: long hairs (in the abdominal region of the hide and on the tail), short hairs (on the rump, neck and back) and down inches (in all parts of the animal’s fur). Long coats are also the thickest. The hair length of newborn yaks is 187.60±2.66 mm, of one-year-old yaks 452.50±2.52 mm, and of six-year-old yaks, it reaches 475 mm. The authors determined the total amount of hair of different categories in the three topographic parts of the body: in the rump, the sum of hair is 1545 hair units; in the collar part, the sum of hair is 1590 hair units; in the abdominal area of the body the sum of hair is 1770 hair units. The collar and rump do not have long hairs, unlike the abdomen. Downy hairs are characteristic of all parts of the hide but predominate in the scruff and collar. The dynamics of age-related changes in the hair cover of yaks have been determined.

Effectiveness of herbicide application on potatoes in the northern forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region

The work aims to study the effectiveness of herbicides application on potato varieties of different ripeness groups in the conditions northern forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region. The authors obtained experimental data on leached chernozem in Novosibirsk district, Novosibirsk region, in 2017-2019. In their studies, the authors used common elements of potato cultivation tech- nology. The general background for potatoes in autumn fertiliser was applied at a dose of P60K90. Nitrogen fertilisers were used at a rate of 60 kg/ha in spring under pre-sowing cultivation. Herbicides Gezagard, Lazurit, Zenkor, Boxer, and mixtures of individual herbicides were applied before and after sprouting when potato plants were up to 12-14 cm high. Herbicides significantly reduced the infestation of potato varieties Lubava (early) and Tuleevsky (medium-season). The authors showed that the use of herbicides accelerated the processes of growth and development of potato varieties of two groups of ripeness. There was a significant increase in leaf area, photosynthetic potential, and 23-28% plant productivity. On a background of herbicides increase of yield by 30-35% is observed. There was an increase in the marketability of tubers by 10%. Used herbicides provided good quality and preservation of potato production. The authors note that the double application of herbicides Zenkor and Lazurit offers high rates of weed reduction. Thus yield and quality of presentation have high indicators. In tubers of potatoes, the residual quantity of herbicides is not detected. Application of herbicides economically and energetically practical. The level of profitability exceeds control 1,4 times on a background of double spraying by herbicides Zenkor and Lazurit.

The impact of multi-year straw and green fertiliser application on grain yields in a grain steam crop rotation

The research proves the advantage of the direction of biological farming using agrocenosis bioresources (straw and green manure) as fertiliser. These studies were carried out in a field stationary experiment of the agrochemical service. Regular application of fertilisers showed a stable tendency to increase grain crop yields. At applying straw with nitrogen for 20 years, the yield increase is reliable 5.0 c/ha (26.8%). The application of green manure fallow on the background of regular application of straw provided an increase in grain yield by 3.6 c/ha (20.6%), which is also significantly higher than the application of straw alone without nitrogen, which provided a steady trend of the average annual increase in yield by 1.1 c/ha (6.3%). Over four rotations (2000-2019) of grain and fallow crop rotation in the conditions of the Tomsk region, there is increasing efficiency of green manure fallow and regular use of straw as a fertiliser. This efficiency leads to the preservation of soil fertility and increased grain crop yields compared with pure fallow. In the first rotation, the grain yield in these variants was at the same level. In the second rotation, the outcome after green manure fallow was higher by 11.7% than after pure fallow. In the third rotation, the yield was 18% higher. In the fourth rotation, the green manure fallow was better than pure fallow in grain yield by 40%. The results were statistically processed by analysis of variance using SNEDEKOR software.