scholarly journals Effect of monensin on recovery from diet-induced milk fat depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 2376-2386 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Rico ◽  
A.W. Holloway ◽  
K.J. Harvatine
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Fat Depression

Liver X receptor α participates in LPS-induced reduction of triglyceride synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jianfa Wang ◽  
Shuai Lian ◽  
Jun Song ◽  
Hai Wang ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Liver X Receptor ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Triglyceride Synthesis ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Liver X Receptor Α

Abstract Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) could induce milk fat depression via regulating the body and blood fat metabolism. However, it is not completely clear how LPS might regulate triglyceride synthesis in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs). DCMECs were isolated and purified from dairy cow mammary tissue and treated with LPS. The level of triglyceride synthesis, the expression and activity of the liver X receptor α (LXRα), enzymes related to de novo fatty acid synthesis, and the expression of the fatty acid transporters were investigated. We found that LPS decreased the level of triglyceride synthesis via a down-regulation of the transcription, translation, and nuclear translocation level of the LXRα. The results also indicated that the transcription level of the LXRα target genes, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC1), were significantly down-regulated in DCMECs after LPS treatment. Our data may provide new insight into the mechanisms of milk fat depression caused by LPS.

scholarly journals Scientific progress in ruminant production in the 1st decade of the XXI century

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (suppl spe) ◽  
pp. 478-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
Daniele Cristina da Silva-Kazama ◽  
Ricardo Kazama ◽  
Helene V. Petit
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Transition Cows ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
The Relationship

Scientific advances in nutrition of dairy cows in the first decade of the XXI century have occurred. This paper will review the most common additives fed to transition cows to decrease the incidence of metabolic disorders, which will be discussed separately with emphasis on their mechanisms of action, utilization and efficiency. Some changes on protein in the 2001 updated version of the Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle to reach better precision of the nitrogen and amino acid requirements of lactating cows also are presented. Many of the advances in nutritional manipulation of milk fat concentration are related to fat supplementation, then the relationship between the action of rumen microbes on biohydrogenation of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and milk fatty acid profile are discussed as well as the main factors identified as being responsible for milk fat depression.

scholarly journals DAY-TO-DAY VARIATIONS IN FAT PERCENT OF COW'S MILK

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
J. D. ERFLE
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Large day-to-day variations in milk fat, particularly for the morning milkings, were observed in 36 Holstein cows. Changes in percent fat were gradual and produced wavelike patterns in a number of instances. Supplemental feeding of long hay had no effect on acetate/propionate ratio in rumen fluid, daily milk yield or weighted milk fat percentage. Key words: Dairy cows, milk, fat depression, hay

Lipid Feeding and Milk Fat Depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Jenkins ◽  
Kevin J. Harvatine
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Fat Depression

SUPPLEMENTATION WITH PROTECTED LIPID AS A MEANS OF ALLEVIATING "SPRING PASTURE" INDUCED MILK FAT DEPRESSION

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Percentage Unit ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Daily Milk

Thirty-six lactating cows, after their first week on spring pasture, were subdivided into three groups of 12 cows each and assigned to one of three pelleted grain mixtures containing 0, 5 or 10% protected lipid. These grain mixtures were fed in the milking parlor at the rate of 1.0 kg/4.0 kg of milk yield for a period of 14 days and then the cows were switched to the next ration in the sequence. Milk yield and grain intake were recorded daily. Milk samples for fat, protein and lactose determinations were taken during the last week of the drylot feeding period, during the preliminary pasture period and on the last 2 days of each experimental period. The change in feeding system from drylot to pasture resulted in an average decrease of 0.65 and 0.10 percentage units in milk fat and lactose contents, respectively, and an increase of 0.27 of a percentage unit in protein content. Refusals of the grain mixture were greater (P < 0.05) but milk yields per kilogram of grain intake were higher (P < 0.05) for grain mixtures containing 10% protected lipid than for the control ration. Protected lipid was not effective in countering the milk fat depression caused by the onset of the spring grazing season. The feeding of protected lipid at the rate of 5 and 10% resulted in only a 10 and 27% recovery in total fat yield compared to cows fed the control ration.

Effects of lucerne hay and barley grain particle sizes on chewing activity, rumen pH and milk composition of Holstein dairy cows

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 130-130
Author(s):  
A.R. Bayat ◽  
R. Valizadeh ◽  
A.A. Nasserian
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Chewing Activity

NRC (2001) recommended 250 g/kg dietary neutral detergent fibre (NDF) with a minimum of 190 g/kg dietary forage NDF to prevent milk fat depression. This recommendation does not account for the differences in forage particle size. The forage particle size requirements of dairy cows fed barley grain-based diets can differ from those fed maize grain-based diets (Yang and Beauchemin, 2006). The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of lucerne hay and barley grain particle sizes on chewing activity, rumen pH, milk yield and milk composition using barley grain-based diets.

scholarly journals Milk Fat Depression in Dairy Cows: Role of Particle Size of Alfalfa Hay

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1823-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Grant ◽  
V.F. Colenbrander ◽  
D.R. Mertens
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Alfalfa Hay

scholarly journals Kinetics of trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid transfer to plasma and milk following an abomasal bolus in lactating dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie L. Urrutia ◽  
Monica Toledo ◽  
Michel Baldin ◽  
Jennifer L. Ford ◽  
Michael H. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Bolus Infusion ◽  
Bioactive Fatty Acids ◽  
Post Infusion ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Transfer To Milk

AbstractTrans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a potent bioactive fatty acids (FA) that causes milk fat depression in lactating animals. FA are transferred to milk directly through chylomicrons and indirectly by recycling through other tissues. The objective of this study was to characterise the kinetics of trans-10, cis-12 CLA transfer to plasma and milk after a single bolus infusion. Five multiparous mid-lactation cows received a single abomasal bolus infusion of an enriched CLA mixture providing 15 g of trans-10, cis-12 CLA and 15 g of cis-9, trans-11 CLA over a 30-min period. Plasma concentration of trans-10, cis-12 and cis-9, trans-11 CLA peaked 2 h post-bolus, reaching 0·29 and 0·38 % of total plasma FA, respectively, and returned to pre-bolus values at 72 h post-infusion. Milk trans-10, cis-12 CLA yield and concentration peaked 14 h post-bolus (0·25 g/h) and was not detectable in milk after 86 h. Total apparent transfer of trans-10, cis-12 CLA to milk was 41 %, with 73 % transferred to milk through the direct pool (chylomicrons) and the remaining 27 % transferred through the indirect pool (tissue recycling). Compartmental modelling revealed the existence of a transient unavailable pool of trans-10, cis-12 CLA in extravascular tissues represented primarily by the mammary gland, which slowly exchanges with an available pool for secretion in milk fat and transfer to milk. In conclusion, trans-10, cis-12 CLA is predominantly transferred to milk through the direct pathway; however, how this CLA isomer is processed within the mammary gland requires further investigation.

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