scholarly journals Fatty acid elongase 6 plays a role in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids in goat mammary epithelial cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 4987-4995 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.B. Shi ◽  
M. Wu ◽  
J.J. Zhu ◽  
C.H. Zhang ◽  
D.W. Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongase ◽  
Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Nutrigenomic Effect of Saturated and Unsaturated Long Chain Fatty Acids on Lipid-Related Genes in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells: What Is the Role of PPARγ?

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽  
Wangsheng Zhao ◽  
Massimo Bionaz ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
Juan J. Loor
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Mammary Cells ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Long Chain

A prior study in bovine mammary (MACT) cells indicated that long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) C16:0 and C18:0, but not unsaturated LCFA, control transcription of milk fat-related genes partly via the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). However, in that study, the activation of PPARγ by LCFA was not demonstrated but only inferred. Prior data support a lower response of PPARγ to agonists in goat mammary cells compared to bovine mammary cells. The present study aimed to examine the hypothesis that LCFA alter the mRNA abundance of lipogenic genes in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC) at least in part via PPARγ. Triplicate cultures of GMEC were treated with a PPARγ agonist (rosiglitazone), a PPARγ inhibitor (GW9662), several LCFA (C16:0, C18:0, t10,c12-CLA, DHA, and EPA), or a combination of GW9662 with each LCFA. Transcription of 28 genes involved in milk fat synthesis was measured using RT-qPCR. The data indicated that a few measured genes were targets of PPARγ in GMEC (SCD1, FASN, and NR1H3) while more genes required a basal activation of PPARγ to be transcribed (e.g., LPIN1, FABP3, LPL, and PPARG). Among the tested LCFA, C16:0 had the strongest effect on upregulating transcription of measured genes followed by C18:0; however, for the latter most of the effect was via the activation of PPARγ. Unsaturated LCFA downregulated transcription of measured genes, with a lesser effect by t10,c12-CLA and a stronger effect by DHA and EPA; however, a basal activation of PPARγ was essential for the effect of t10,c12-CLA while the activation of PPARγ blocked the effect of DHA. The transcriptomic effect of EPA was independent from the activation of PPARγ. Data from the present study suggest that saturated LCFA, especially C18:0, can modulate milk fat synthesis partly via PPARγ in goats. The nutrigenomic effect of C16:0 is not via PPARγ but likely via unknown transcription factor(s) while PPARγ plays an indirect role on the nutrigenomic effect of polyunsaturated LCFA (PUFA) on milk fat related genes, particularly for CLA (permitting effect) and DHA (blocking effect).

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of medium-chain fatty acids by mammary epithelial cells from virgin rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Smith ◽  
D Pasco ◽  
S Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Epithelial cells were isolated from the undifferentiated mammary glands of mature virgin female rats, and their lipogenic characteristics were studied. These cells synthesized predominantly medium-chain fatty acids, albeit at a low rate. In contrast, whole tissue from mammary glands of virgin rats synthesized predominantly long-chain fatty acids at a relatively higher rate, indicating that the lipogenic activity is dominated by the adipocyte component of the gland. Enzyme assays revealed that thioesterase II, the enzyme which regulates production of medium-chain fatty acids by the fatty acid synthetase, was present at a high activity in the undifferentiated mammary epithelial cells of virgin rats. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed this observation and showed that the regulatory enzyme was present exclusively in the epithelial cells lining the alveolar and ductal elements of the undifferentiated gland. This study demonstrates that the potential to elaborate tissue-specific medium-chain fatty acids is already expressed in the undifferentiated tissue of virgin rats and is not acquired as a result of the differentiation associated with the lactogenic phase of development. In this species mammary epithelial cells apparently synthesize predominantly medium-chain fatty acids at all stages of development, and only the overall rate of synthesis is increased on induction of the fatty acid synthetase during lactogenesis.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Elongase 7 (ELOVL7) Plays a Role in the Synthesis of Long-Chain Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi ◽  
Wang ◽  
Luo ◽  
Liu ◽  
Loor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongase ◽  
Triacylglycerol Concentration ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Long Chain

In humans, fatty acid elongase 7 (ELOVL7) plays a role in synthesis of long-chain saturated fatty acids. Whether ELOVL7 protein plays a role in ruminants is unclear. The transcript abundance of ELOVL7 in goat mammary tissue was assessed at three stages of lactation. Results showed that ELOVL7 had the highest expression in the dry period compared with peak and late lactation period. Results revealed that ELOVL7 overexpression was correlated with lower expression in diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), and had no significant effect on triacylglycerol concentration. Overexpression of ELOVL7 significantly decreased the concentration of palmitoleic (C16:1n7) and oleic (C18:1n9) acid, and increased the concentration of vaccenic (C18:1n7) and linoleic (C18:2) acid. Overexpression of ELOVL7 significantly upregulated the elongation index of C16:1 in goat epithelial mammary cells (GMEC), but had a minor effect on that of palmitate (C16:0). Knockdown of ELOVL7 decreased mRNA expression of fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) and had a minor effect on triacylglycerol concentration; however, it increased concentration of C18:1n9 in GMEC. The elongation indices of C16:0 and C16:1 did not differ due to knockdown of ELOVL7. The minor change for the C16:0 and stearate (C18:0) was observed after activation of ELOVL7, suggesting the two fatty acids are not the preferential substrates of ELOVL7 in cultured GMEC. However, changes in C18:1n9 and C18:2 after overexpression or knockdown of ELOVL7 indicated a biological functional role of ELOVL7. Collectively, our data highlighted a role of ELOVL7 in long-chain unsaturated fatty acid elongation in goat mammary epithelial cells.

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