scholarly journals Technical note: Extrapolation of hepatic glycogen concentration of the whole organ by performing a liver biopsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 4858-4862
Author(s):  
M. Duplessis ◽  
L. Blais ◽  
W. Poisson ◽  
C.L. Girard
Keyword(s):  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Concentration

NEONATAL ISLET CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN THE DIABETIC RAT: EFFECT ON HEPATIC ENZYME ACTIVITY AND GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS

1977 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
YVONNE MANGNALL ◽  
ANNE SMYTHE ◽  
D. N. SLATER ◽  
GILLIAN R. MILNER ◽  
R. D. G. MILNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Islet Cell Transplantation ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Serum Immunoreactive Insulin

Intraperitoneal transplantation of collagenase-digested, isogeneic, neonatal rat pancreatic tissue successfully reversed streptozotocin-induced diabetes in 77% of recipients. The low serum immunoreactive insulin, hyperglycaemia, glycosuria and weight loss, characteristic of the diabetic animal, were corrected and the reduced activities of hepatic glucokinase and pyruvate kinase, and the low glycogen concentration of the liver of diabetic rats were restored to normal. Forty-three per cent of the successfully transplanted rats became normoglycaemic within 1 month of transplantation whereas 57% took from 1 to 6 months to achieve normoglycaemia and displayed a mild glucose intolerance when subjected to a glucose load. The rats which had not become normoglycaemic 6 months after transplantation showed some amelioration of the diabetic state, as shown by increased serum immunoreactive insulin and hepatic glycogen concentration and a slow weight gain compared with diabetic controls.

Some Effects of Prolonged Undernutrition on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Rats

1956 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Halmi ◽  
B. N. Spirtos
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Insulin Tolerance ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Sugar Levels

A) Rats fed 10 gm of ground Rockland diet/day for 4–6 weeks and then fasted for 24 hours showed an enhanced insulin sensitivity as compared with ad libitum-fed rats that were fasted for the same length of time. The fasting blood sugar and liver glycogen concentrations were significantly higher in underfed animals. B) Underfed rats were fasted 24 hours, then fed 5 gm/ 100 gm body weight and tested 8 hours later. These rats exhibited a) no greater insulin sensitivity, b) lower blood sugar levels and c) a smaller rise in liver glycogen concentration than similarly treated ad libitum-fed animals. Intestinal absorption of glucose was not diminished in the undernourished rats. C) Cortisone treatment (0.5 mg/100 gm body wt/day for 5 days) abolished the insulin sensitivity of underfed rats without altering the hepatic glycogen concentration. Somatotrophin (0.5 mg Armour standard equivalent/100 gm body wt/day for 5 days) did not improve their insulin tolerance. After functional evisceration, the blood sugar fall (if expressed as percentage of the initial level) was significantly slower in underfed than in ad libitum-fed rats. However, the decline of the blood sugar level appeared to be more markedly enhanced by insulin in the underfed animals.

Technical note: Analysis of total lipid and triacylglycerol content in small liver biopsy samples in cattle1

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 2741-2750 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Starke ◽  
A. Haudum ◽  
R. Busche ◽  
M. Beyerbach ◽  
S. Dänicke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Triacylglycerol Content

Effects of glucagon with or without insulin administration on liver glycogen metabolism

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. E231-E238 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ercan ◽  
M. C. Gannon ◽  
F. Q. Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glycogen Phosphorylase ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Glucagon And Insulin

Rats fed ad libitum were given insulin alone (4 U/kg), glucagon alone (25 micrograms/kg), or insulin and glucagon sequentially. Phosphorylase a and synthase R activities, hepatic glycogen, uridine diphosphoglucose, inorganic phosphate (Pi), and plasma glucose, lactate, glucagon, and insulin concentrations were determined over the subsequent 40 min. In separate animals, muscle extraction of 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose also was determined. After glucagon administration, glycogen phosphorylase a and plasma glucose were increased within 5 min. However, the glycogen concentration did not decrease for 20 min. Glucagon administration to rats pretreated with insulin stimulated a similar increase in phosphorylase a activity. Again, glycogen was not degraded for 20 min. After insulin only, glycogen concentration remained unchanged. Plasma glucose decreased as expected. In each group, muscle extraction of 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose increased compared with the controls (P < 0.05). In summary, glucagon and/or insulin administration did not stimulate significant glycogen degradation for 20 min, even though phosphorylase was activated. The mechanism remains to be determined.

Splanchnic glucose and muscle glycogen metabolism after glucose feeding during postexercise recovery.

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (3) ◽  
pp. E255 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Maehlum ◽  
P Felig ◽  
J Wahren
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Glucose Feeding ◽  
Glucose Ingestion ◽  
In Series ◽  
Postexercise Recovery ◽  
Glucose Output

Glucose (100 g) was ingested 15 min after bicycle exercise until exhaustion at a work load corresponding to 70% of maximal uptake (series 1), 14--15 h after an identical exercise period, no food being taken in the interval (series 2), and by nonexercised control subjects. Splanchnic glucose output in the exercised groups rose to values 50--300% greater than in controls, amounting to (over 135 min) 59 +/- 5 g in series 1 and 58 +/- 6 in series 2 compared to 28 +/- 6 in controls. The glycogen concentration of quadriceps muscle in series 1 was 65 +/- 2 mmol glycosyl U/kg wet wt before exercise, 16 +/- 13 at the end of work, and 32 +/- 4 at 135 min after glucose ingestion. In series 2, muscle glycogen concentration was 20 +/- 3 immediately after exercise and rose to 44 +/- 5 over the ensuing 14--15 h in spite of continued fasting. It rose to 56 +/- 3 at 135 min after glucose loading. Repletion of leg muscle glycogen after glucose feeding could account for 50--66% of total splanchnic glucose release. It is concluded that during postexercise recovery, a greater proportion of an oral glucose load escapes hepatic retention, allowing repletion of muscle glycogen to take precedence over hepatic glycogen repletion.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Facilitating Laparoscopic Liver Biopsy by the Use of a Single-Handed Disposable Core Biopsy Needle

HPB Surgery ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
M. I. Trochsler ◽  
Q. Ralph ◽  
F. Bridgewater ◽  
H. Kanhere ◽  
Guy J. Maddern
Keyword(s):  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Core Biopsy ◽  
Liver Lesion ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Laparoscopic Ultrasound ◽  
Liver Lesions ◽  
Ultrasound Probe ◽  
Biopsy Needle ◽  
Good Sample

Despite the use of advanced radiological investigations, some liver lesions cannot be definitely diagnosed without a biopsy and histological examination. Laparoscopic Tru-Cut biopsy of the liver lesion is the preferred approach to achieve a good sample for histology. The mechanism of a Tru-Cut biopsy needle needs the use of both hands to load and fire the needle. This restricts the ability of the surgeon to direct the needle into the lesion utilising the laparoscopic ultrasound probe. We report a technique of laparoscopic liver biopsy using a disposable core biopsy instrument (BARD (R) disposable core biopsy needle) that can be used single-handedly. The needle can be positioned with laparoscopic graspers in order to reach posterior and superior lesions. This technique can easily be used in conjunction with laparoscopic ultrasound.

scholarly journals Effects of adrenalectomy before weaning and short- or long-term glucocorticoid administration on the genetically obese Zucker rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 238 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Obese Zucker Rat ◽  
Obese Rats

Intact obese rats were hyperinsulinaemic, had higher rates of whole-body fatty acid synthesis, higher activities of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase and tyrosine aminotransferase and a higher hepatic glycogen concentration than intact lean animals. Adrenalectomy abolished all these factors of the obese phenotype. Treatment of adrenalectomized rats with corticosterone for 24 h increased the rate of whole-body fatty acid synthesis to the same extent in both phenotypes, but caused a larger increase in glycogen concentration, tyrosine aminotransferase activity and plasma insulin concentration in obese rats.

Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids in Liver and Intestine of Intact Normal, Fasted and X-Irradiated Rats

1956 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Coniglio ◽  
Donald B. McCormick ◽  
Granville W. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Fasted Rats

A 72-hour fasting period affects intestinal incorporation of C14-acetate into fatty acids to a smaller extent that it does hepatic incorporation. Glycogen concentration and hepatic incorporation of acetate into fatty acids increases in irradiated, fasted rats (750 r total-body x-irradiation) compared to fasted controls. Intestinal incorporation of C14-acetate into fatty acids decreases in the irradiated rat. A direct relationship between the amount of liver glycogen present and the amount of incorporation of C14 into fatty acids was not observed at these levels of hepatic glycogen and lipogenesis.

Early glycogenolysis and late glycogenesis in human liver after intravenous administration of galactose

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. G14-G19 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fried ◽  
N. Beckmann ◽  
U. Keller ◽  
R. Ninnis ◽  
G. Stalder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Liver Volume ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Output ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Glucose Output

Galactose is incorporated by a different metabolic pathway than glucose. Its contribution to glycogen synthesis has not been studied in humans. We administered galactose (0.5 g/kg iv) to overnight-fasted normal human volunteers and examined its effects on hepatic glycogen synthesis and hepatic glucose output (HGO). Hepatic glycogenesis was assessed noninvasively, determining glycogen concentration by 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and liver volume by magnetic resonance imaging. HGO was determined by [6,6-2H2]glucose and gluconeogenesis calculated by adding the amount of hepatic glycogenesis to the HGO. After galactose administration, liver glycogen concentration (baseline 254 +/- 11 mmol/l) decreased in the first 45 min to 207 +/- 15 mmol/l (P < 0.05) and increased thereafter to 313 +/- 7 mmol/l (P < 0.01). Net hepatic glycogenesis was 101 +/- 12 mmol over 150 min. HGO (baseline 14.3 +/- 1.9 mumol.kg-1.min-1) increased threefold in the first 15 min and then returned to baseline. The average rate of gluconeogenesis was 12.3 mumol.kg-1.min-1. Intravenous galactose leads to an increase in hepatic glycogen and hepatic glucose output in normal humans. Competitive inhibition of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase by UDP-galactose could explain the apparent glycogenolysis observed early after galactose administration. 13C MRS in combination with a stable isotope tracer is a noninvasive and safe method to study hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in humans.

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