PHYSIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF RICE PLANTS WITH SILICON SUPPLEMENTATION AND DIETHOLATE SEED TREATMENT UNDER WATER DEFICIT

Silicon is an enzyme stimulator that promotes signaling for the production of antioxidant, osmoprotective compounds and attenuates interference in photosynthesis in rice plants subjected to water deficit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of silicon as a stress reliever in rice plants grown from seeds treated with dietholate under of water deficit conditions. The experimental design was fully randomized with three replicates, 144 experimental units consisting of pots containing 4.4 pounds soil, and a 3x2x2x4 factorial arrangement: three soil water conditions (50% and 100% of soil water retention capacity and water blade of 5.0 cm); two cultivars (IRGA 424 RI and Guri INTA CL); two sources of Si (sodium and potassium metasilicate); and four Si rates (0; 4.0; 8.0 and 16 g L-1). Silicon boosted stomatal density; induced an increase in the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) under both water deficit and optimal conditions, boosting photosynthesis; and increased effective quantum yield of PSII and levels of total dry mass. Thus, silicon attenuated the effects of water deficit in plants grown from seeds treated with dietholate.

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Silicon as an attenuator of drought stress in plants of Oryza sativa L. treated with dietholate

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.235052 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

J. C. Cassol ◽

D. Sponchiado ◽

S. H. B. Dornelles ◽

L. A. Tabaldi ◽

E. P. M. Barreto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Water Deficiency ◽

Soil Water Retention ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Rice Plants

Abstract Silicon (Si) is an element that can improve the growth and development of rice plants in water-deficient environments because it is an enzymatic stimulant, signaling for production of antioxidant compounds. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between water deficiency and the effect of Si on two rice cultivars whose seeds were treated with dietholate. The experimental design was fully randomized with three replicates, and treatments were organized in a 3x2x2x4 factorial arrangement: three water soil conditions (50% and 100% of soil water retention capacity (WRC) and complete submergence in a water blade of 5.0 cm); two cultivars (IRGA 424 RI and Guri INTA CL); two sources of Si (sodium metasilicate and potassium metasilicate); and four rates of Si (0; 4.0; 8.0 and 16 g L-1). Chlorophyll a and b, leaf area and shoot and root dry weight increased at higher rates of Si under the three soil water regimes. There was an increase in superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase enzyme activity in the cultivars at higher rates of Si, reducing lipid peroxidation caused by water deficiency. Therefore, Si did indeed attenuate water deficiency stress in rice plants emerging from seeds treated with dietholate.

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Forest Fire Regime in a Mediterranean Ecosystem: Unraveling the Mutual Interrelations between Rainfall Seasonality, Soil Moisture, Drought Persistence, and Biomass Dynamics

Fire ◽

10.3390/fire3030049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Nunzio Romano ◽

Nadia Ursino

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Soil Water ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Fire Regime ◽

Fire Regimes ◽

Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Soil Water Retention ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Rainfall Frequency

Frequent and severe droughts typically intensify wildfires provided that there is enough fuel in situ. The extent to which climate change may influence the fire regime and long time-scale hydrological processes may soften the effect of inter-annual climate change and, more specifically, whether soil-water retention capacity can alleviate the harsh conditions resulting from droughts and affect fire regimes, are still largely unexplored matters. The research presented in this paper is a development of a previous investigation and shows in what way, and to what extent, rainfall frequency, dry season length, and hydraulic response of different soil types drive forest fires toward different regimes while taking into consideration the typical seasonality of the Mediterranean climate. The soil-water holding capacity, which facilitates biomass growth in between fire events and hence favors fuel production, may worsen the fire regime as long dry summers become more frequent, such that the ecosystem’s resilience to climate shifts may eventually be undermined.

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Options for increased soil carbon storage and water holding capacity through sustainable agriculture and forestry: modelling results from showcase regions in Austria

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-437 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dagmar Nadja Henner ◽

Gottfried Kirchengast ◽

Melannie D. Hartman ◽

Clara Hohmann

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Soil Carbon ◽

Soil Water ◽

Carbon Storage ◽

Bioenergy Crops ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Soil Water Retention ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Water Holding

<p>Sustainable agriculture and forestry are essential topics under climate change and a potential route for increasing long-term soil and biomass carbon storage, soil water retention capacity, and reducing water and wind erosion risks. This study uses two, geographically and climatologically diverse, showcase regions in Southeastern Austria (the Raab and lower Enns catchment regions) for exploring sustainable whole-system options for climate change adaptation and mitigation under increased hot-dry conditions in agriculture and forestry. We consider options as &#8220;sustainable whole-system&#8221; that jointly achieve accumulation of soil carbon and robustness of soil water retention capacity, an increase of soil quality, reduction of soil erosion and degradation, reduced compaction, stabilisation of slopes, sustainability and resilience in the soil as well as the agricultural and forest production systems. These options are evaluated using site-level data in the regions together with a carefully combined set of hydrologic, biomass, biogeochemical and ecosystem models. This model setup includes the hydrological model WaSiM, the biogeochemical and ecosystem model DayCent, and the biomass models MiscanFor, SalixFor, and PopFor. Based on dense data of the WegenerNet observing network and further hydrometeorological data, combined with hydrological modelling (WaSiM), the current hydrological disturbance potential in the focus regions is assessed. Furthermore, downscaled IPCC climate change scenarios are used for future projections and combined with WaSiM results. These data are evaluated for increasing heat and drought risks for soils and agricultural and forest production. This work provides the hydrological context for modelling the soil water and carbon storage enhancement options that farming, forestry and land-use practices might apply. A first key study aspect is then the sustainable potential of bioenergy crops. Using the local-scale WegenerNet data combined with site-specific land management data obtained from farmer and forest manager communities and where necessary with soil data from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD), potential yields for bioenergy from lignocellulosic biomass (forest and Miscanthus, willow, and poplar) are modelled using DayCent, MiscanFor, Salix For, and PopFor for representative local areas in the showcase regions. For the second key aspect of this research, DayCent is used at selected data-rich locations, to develop sustainable system options under future climate change scenarios with a focus on different agricultural, forest management, and land-use practices. For comparison, a set of sample agricultural rotations is modelled with DayCent to place the suggested sustainable whole-system options potential of bioenergy crops in context. Furthermore, various agrarian rotation runs are used to determine the potential of changes in the rotation to increase soil carbon storage and enhance water holding capacity in agricultural soils under climate change. Forest management practice runs are used to investigate the possible changes needed for stable forest soils under increasing heat and drought conditions. Sustainable whole-system options for farmers and forest managers are discussed as the primary results from this study part, together with the next steps towards upscaling the results to the country level.</p>

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How and why does willow biochar increase a clay soil water retention capacity?

Biomass and Bioenergy ◽

10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.10.004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 119 ◽

pp. 346-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Kimmo Rasa ◽

Jaakko Heikkinen ◽

Markus Hannula ◽

Kai Arstila ◽

Sampo Kulju ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Water Retention ◽

Clay Soil ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Soil Water Retention ◽

Retention Capacity

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Desempenho fotossintético, peroxidação lipídica e aspectos morfológicos de papuã exposto a diferentes condições hídricas do solo

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x40705 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e10

Author(s):

Leandro Lima Spatt ◽

Sidinei José Lopes ◽

Sylvio Henrique Bidel Dornelles ◽

Vinicius Severo Trivisiol ◽

Mariane Peripolli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Depth ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Soil Water Retention ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Water Conditions

This paper aimed to elucidate the behavior of Urochloa plantaginea biotype with differential physiological characteristics, which allows a better growth and development in a flooded environment. A completely randomized experimental design was used 2x3, being the factors: populations of Urochloa plantaginea (lowlands and highlands) and soil water conditions (50% and 100% of soil water retention capacity (CRA); water depth 5 cm). Responses related to photosynthetic parameters and lipid peroxidation were verified 24h and 192h after the onset of water conditions. Morphology-relatedvariables were measured at the end of the plant cycle. The lowland biotype compared to the highland biotype showed superior morphophysiological characteristics under soil flooding. It can be emphasized, higher water use efficiency (about 30%), higher plant height, lower aerial part lipid peroxidation and higher aerial part dry matter increment. In addition, the lowland biotype was shown not to vary photosynthetic parameters A, Gs, Ci, E, USA and A / Ci when exposed to the water depth 5 cm, compared with the 100%CRA condition. Both populations survived and ended their cycle producing seeds. Thus, apossible adaptive process of the population to the flooded environment is evidenced.

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Forecasting Scanning Branches of the Hysteresis Soil Water-Retention Capacity for Calculation of Precise Irrigation Rates in Agricultural Landscapes Using a Mathematical Model

Innovations in Landscape Research - Landscape Modelling and Decision Support ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-37421-1_17 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 329-340

Author(s):

Vitaly V. Terleev ◽

Wilfried Mirschel ◽

Alex Topaj ◽

Kirill Moiseev ◽

Issa Togo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Retention ◽

Agricultural Landscapes ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Soil Water Retention ◽

Retention Capacity

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USE OF SEED+® AND CROP+® BIOESTIMULANTS ON THE QUALITY OF TOMATO FRUITS UNDER WATER STRESS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252020v33n129rc ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 266-273

Author(s):

MARIANE PERIPOLLI ◽

ANTONIO CARLOS FERREIRA DA SILVA ◽

SYLVIO HENRIQUE BIDEL DORNELLES ◽

DANIE MARTINI SANCHOTENE ◽

VINICIUS SEVERO TRIVISIOL

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Soil Water ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Soil Water Retention ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Tomato Fruits ◽

Randomized Experimental Design

ABSTRACT Accelerated biotic and abiotic stresses have diminished the quality and yield of agricultural products. Thus, the use of biostimulants comes with the proposal of reducing the stresses experienced by plants and, consequently, reducing agricultural losses. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of Seed+® and Crop+® biostimulants on tomato fruits, cultivar Santa Cruz Kada, under water stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. A completely randomized experimental design was used, in a 2 x 2 x 6 three-factor scheme, with the following factors: application time (flowering and fruiting), soil water conditions (50% and 100% of soil water retention capacity) and biostimulants (without treatment; Seed+®; Seed+® + Crop+® 1x the commercial dose; Seed+® + Crop+® 2x the commercial dose; Crop+® 1x the commercial dose; Crop+® 2x the commercial dose). Under water deficit conditions, the fruits of plants treated with Seed+® and Crop+® biostimulants had higher values of pH, total soluble solids and titratable acidity compared to plants that did not receive biostimulants. Seed+® and Crop+® biostimulants maintain the quality of tomato fruits until 18 days after harvest.

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