scholarly journals Bintang Jasa – The Indonesian Star of Service

2020 ◽  
pp. 230-241
Author(s):  
Anton O. Zakharov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
The State ◽  
New Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military

The award system of Indonesia reflects its political development. The first Order of Indonesia—the Guerilla Star (Bintang Gerilya)—was instituted in 1949, to praise the participants of the anti-colonial struggle for Inde-pendence. Ten years later, the award system of Indonesia included several orders—the Star of the Republic of Indonesia (Bintang Republik Indonesia), the Star of Mahaputera (Bintang Mahaputera), the Sacred Star (Bintang Sakti), the Military Distinguished Service Star (Bintang Dharma), the Guerilla Star, and the Garuda Star (Bintang Garuda). At least four of them were essentially military whereas the Star of the Republic of Indonesia and the Star of Mahaputera may have been bestowed to the army commanders. The connection of the award system with the rise of the Indonesian Army seems obvious. But the state apparatus of Indonesia included many officials who also needed visible signs of recognition. In 1963, President Sukarno instituted a new Order—the Bintang Jasa, or the Star of Service. It serves as a typical award for state officials, politicians and other Indonesian citizens as well as for foreign diplomats whose service to the Indonesian State is considered valuable.

The Trocadéro

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-246
Author(s):  
Jennifer Walker
Keyword(s):  
Religious Right ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Music ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
French Republicanism ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Concert Programs ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Church

This chapter takes for its focus the high point of the Parisian musical season in 1900: the ten state-sponsored concerts officiels of the 1900 Exposition Universelle de Paris. As had been the case in 1878 and 1889, the goal of these concerts was to promote specifically Republican ideals through music. Yet in 1900, these ideals had transformed into a secular construction of Frenchness that absorbed Catholicism as a foundational trait of national identity. Although the Church was not represented in any official capacity either on the musical planning commission or on the concert programs themselves, the repertoire performed throughout these concerts created a narrative that centered around a sense of reconciliation between Church State. The carefully crafted vision put forth by the State relied heavily on transformations of the Church for the formation of a cohesive Republican identity such that the Church was present in its displays, theaters, and concerts in a way not seen in any previous Exposition. In the heart of Paris, the Trocadéro hosted a significant amount of explicitly religious music that, when mediated through actors deployed through the state apparatus on an international stage, transformed the Church into an integrated facet of French Republicanism that could be proudly displayed to the Exposition’s international audiences. These concerts functioned not as nostalgic emblems of a Revolutionary past nor as attacks against the political and religious right, but, rather, as a site of transformation at which the Republic co-opted Catholicism as an indispensable aspect of its own French identity.

scholarly journals Dwi Fungsi ABRI : Melacak Sejarah Keterlibatan ABRI dalam Kehidupan Sosial Politik dan Perekonomian Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Anwar Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
New Order ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

This paper examines the historical roots of the emergence of the involvement of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia (ABRI) in the socio-political field, especially several reasons that form the basis of government policy to involve ABRI in the socio-political and economic fields, as well as ABRI’s own efforts to play a role in these fields. This historical approach research concluded that ABRI’s involvement in the socio-political field in Indonesia had begun since the government of Guided Democracy under President Soekarno. Politically, the reason for Soekarno’s inclusion of the military in his government structure was due to the failure of civilian politicians in formulating state ideology with no agreement between parties in the constituent assembly. This failure is considered to endanger national political stability and threaten the integrity of the country. For this reason, President Soekarno recruited the military to balance civilian politicians in his government. Along with its involvement in the socio-political field, ABRI also plays a role in socio-economics. Although at first, this role was limited to securing national private companies which were legacies of foreign companies, but during the New Order government, the dual function of ABRI was confirmed and its role was wider. Almost all strategic economic sectors are controlled by ABRI.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MODERN MODEL OF MILITARY PROFESSIONALISM IN TECHNICAL MODERNIZATION OF THE BORDER SECURITY SERVICE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-518
Author(s):  
Natalya Mikhaylovna Kudro ◽  
Alexander Sergeyevich Martikyan ◽  
Sergey Mikhaylovich Saliy
Keyword(s):  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Border Security ◽  
Security Service ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Professionalism

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to study possible options for implementation of the modern model of military professionalism in technical modernization of the border security service, in order to improve the state border security, Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methodology: For the purpose of achievement of the research objectives M. Weber’s ideal type methodology was selected, a system-synergetic approach, social constructivism, and historicism principles were used. Empirical data was received from document analysis and an expert survey of border security specialists of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine. Main Findings: The concept statements concerning the functions of modern Kazakhstan border were developed. The content of the modern model of military professionalism was defined. The military professionalism model, which defines the work of the border security service with due regard to the requirements of its development by 2050, is aimed at conceptualizing the technical modernization of border units. It was concluded that the border service of Kazakhstan requires a long-term development plan, involving the organization of “smart borders”. Applications: The results of the study may be used for complex measures which will enhance barrier function and contact function at the same time, and also the imposition of higher requirements for intellectual competence of border guards. The defined main directions of technical modernization of the border security service of the Republic of Kazakhstan will help implement the modern requirements for the State border security, characteristics of the state border modern situation, as well as the developed forecast by 2050. Novelty/Originality: Such a kind of study was firstly conducted with usage of declared methods and according to the declared aim.

scholarly journals DELOVANJE SLOVENSKE VOJSKE V ČASU EPIDEMIJE COVIDA-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
TANJA KREMŽAR KOVAČ
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Medical Unit ◽  
International Operations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
The Military ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
At Home

V prispevku je predstavljen pojav epidemije covida-19 v Republiki Sloveniji, s poudarkom na delovanju Slovenske vojske. Opisujemo odziv Slovenske vojske na epidemijo in postopke ter procese, ki jih je izvajala na svojih nalogah tako doma kot v mednarodnih operacijah in na misijah v tujini, ter omogočila dodatno podporo državi in državljanom pri spoprijemanju z novim virusom. Poudarek je na postopkih in procesih, vodenih v Vojaški zdravstveni enoti, za spremljanje epidemioloških razmer. Delovanje Slovenske vojske, ki se navezuje na delovanje njihovih zdravstvenih enot med epidemijo covid-19, primerjamo z nekaterimi drugimi oboroženimi silami. Ključne besede covid-19, epidemija, virus, Slovenska vojska, Vojaška zdravstvena enota. Abstract The article presents the phenomenon of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Republic of Slovenia with focus on the activities of the Slovenian Armed Forces. It describes the response of the Slovenian Armed Forces to the epidemic, and the procedures and processes applied as part of its missions at home and in international operations and missions abroad. These activities provided additional support to the state and its citizens in dealing with the new virus. The emphasis is put on the procedures and processes of the Military Medical Unit aimed at monitoring the epidemiological situation. Additionally, the epidemic-related activities of the Slovenian Armed Forces and its medical units are compared to the activities of several other armed forces. Key words COVID-19, epidemic, virus, Slovenian Armed Forces, Military Medical Unit

scholarly journals The 10-year anniversary of the Republic of Lithuania: the State celebration program of 1928 and the monuments of independence

Menotyra ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Skirmantė Smilingytė-Žeimienė
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
Organizational Skills ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Church ◽  
Anniversary Celebration ◽  
Commemorative Monuments

The Supreme Committee for the 10-year Anniversary Celebration of the Independence of the Republic of Lithuania was established in 1928. The committee performed its mission making the national rally campaign of the celebration of two state festivals – February 16 and May 15. The organizational skills and experience of Vladas Nagevičius in developing the national important memorial symbols should be noted. He was the chairman of the committee and the director of the Military Museum. The year 1928 evidenced the first manifestation of the global cultural memory in Independent Lithuania. A model of the ceremonial communication of the state festivals was created. It had an important component – a monument – a materialization sign of the memorial. To achieve their objectives, the committee used the periodicals, the Church, radio, artists and, of course, local communities. Dealing with the problems of commemorative monuments – the lack of funding, the risk of cheap monuments, the need to design an exceptional memorial object with national traditions, the committee inspired to introduce the shape of a splendour wooden cross as an identity standard. The Committee and the majority of citizens considered that the traditional monuments of cross-crafting is a successful reflection of the nationhood. The Supreme Committee had an exceptional role in designing the commemorative process in 1928.

scholarly journals Involvement of the Indonesian National Military (TNI) in Legislation about Anti-Terrorism:

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Satria Unggul Wicaksana Prakasa
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
New Order ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Law System ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military

Changes in the international humanitarian legal system in a global context have shifted, as the first war identified with an inter-state ceasefire. Today, the war party is not only a state but also the aftermath of the 9/11 tragedy marked by non-state war actors, a terrorist attack. In Indonesia, the issue of terrorism becomes a serious concern after the first Bali Bombing, the second Bali Bombing, and other terrorist tragedies. Lately, the discourse of TNI involvement in the eradication of terrorism in Indonesia through the formation of the Anti-Terrorism Act. According to the issue, the research problems are (1) TNI's authority elements to combat terrorism in the Indonesian legal system; (2) the International humanitarian law system regulates the involvement of the military on combating terrorism. The results of the study are (1) after the fall of New Order regime in 1998, the dual function of ABRI (Indonesian Armed Forces during Suharto's era) had dissolved, and this implied the limited authority of TNI to maintain the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) sovereignty at the border. The authority of the TNI on combating terrorism, following Act No.34, 2004 section 7 articles (3) about TNI, mentions that the fight against terrorism deals with criminal methods. Except for war aggression, related to terrorism that threatens the State sovereignty and not against terrorism that occurs in the community on the Anti-Terrorism Act. If TNI wants to be involved in combating terrorism, it must be following the 1945 constitution, of which terrorism is part of non-international armed conflict, in which the power of command is in the hands of the President.

scholarly journals The Desire for Enrichment as a Cause of Corruption of the Republic

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
F. V. Arkhipov
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Cambridge School

This study is devoted to the problem of material enrichment in the framework of Republican political theory. The aim of the work is to determine how the private desire for wealth correlates with the republican public virtues and affects the corruptio of the republic. The fact is that the desire for enrichment is the realization of a private self-interest. At the same time, the key republican virtue for the classical period — virtu — also assumes the presence of a private interest. In this regard, the author provides a theoretical justification for the permissibility of the desire for enrichment within the framework of republicanism.The research methods are comparative, historical methods, as well as the methodology of the Cambridge school. Within the framework of the analysis of the texts of the Republican tradition, the author comes to the following results.The corruptio of the republic takes place in cases where citizens are willing to compromise with the centralized political power of the state, giving up republican freedom for the sake of security and wealth. The most striking manifestation of this compromise is the transfer to the state of the function of distributing material goods in society. Wealth itself, in accordance with the classic Republican critique of statism, becomes dangerous when it replaces virtue, or becomes the price for which a person is willing to sell his freedom.At the same time, the most dangerous form of such a deal can be called a compromise, in which republican institutions continue to function formally, but political participation in society is replaced by police state control. Corruption of morals, therefore, occurs when people are willing to give up personal freedom for the sake of material well-being and convenience. However, at the same time, there is an amazing ideological substitution, according to which the political sphere begins to be called the state apparatus, which as such suppresses politics. This is the moment at which the corruptio of the republic takes place.As a result of the study, the author concludes that an effective compromise between a deviation from republican principles and private welfare is impossible. However, the desire to enrich itself can even be useful for the republic.

scholarly journals PARTAI POLITIK dan SISTIM DEMOKRASI DI INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayub Muksin
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Political System ◽  
General Election ◽  
New Order ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Mass Organization ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

<p>The Republic of Indonesia since 1945 when it proclaimed its independent from the Dutch colonialism adopted democracy as political system. In its political development, democracy in Indonesia had many names or label. From 1945 until 1959, the Republic of Indonesia adopted and implemented which   is commonly known as Liberal Democracy. During the period of 1945 – 1959, the government of Indonesia held  successfully general election with 39 political parties as well as mass organization and group of constituens which all together 100 participants in the general election. From 1959 until 1966, democracy which was took on called Guided Democracy.During this period there was no general election eventhough some political parties were permitted to exist by the current rezime . The rezime was of the opinion that the Indonesian people was not ready yet for carrying out generah election. After aborted Communist coup d’etat at 30 September 1965, new government arised, and they called their government as New Order or Orba in Bahasa Indonesia. The new order remained to adopt democracy in political system which was labelled as Democracy Pancasila, referred to the nation and state philosophy. The new order government organized six  times general election which was held in 1971 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992 and 1997. In general election 1973 there was  10 political parties and 1 mass organization called Golkar, formed by government as main political power of Orba. Since 1977 the election participants were only two parties, the United Party for Development (PPP), the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) and Golkar. Then Golkar developed as hegemonic party, ardent and strong supporter to the Orba government, and always winning  in every general election. When Reformation Era came in 1998, the reformation government named its democracy as Demokrasi Reformasi, and as of 1998 until now, had successfully organized 4(four) times general elections with its participants fluctuated.  In 1999’s general election the participants was 48 political parties, 2004’ election was 24 parties, 2009’ s election was 38 parties, 2014’ general election was 12 parties. For 2019’ s general election, 16 parties was declared by the General Election Commission  or KPU as participants nationally.</p><p>From theoretical perspectives on democracy, whatever labelled or named, democracy implemented  in Indonesia  formally as DEMOCRACY.</p><p>Key words : Democracy. Political Parties, General Election.</p>

scholarly journals Ingermanland Experiment: On the Background of the Government Reform of Peter the Great

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4 (202)) ◽  
pp. 139-160
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Redin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Radical Reform ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Swedish Experience ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military ◽  
Territorial Division

This article is devoted to the study of the formation of a management system in Ingermanland Province (the predecessor of St Petersburg Province) during the first years of its existence (1702–1708). The creation of the province was the first step towards a radical reform of the administrative and territorial division and local government of Russia. The author studies the process of creating key positions of the provincial apparatus of the upper and lower levels, primarily the provincial ober-commandant and landrichter and ober-commandant and commandant as heads of intra-regional territorial units, officials with highly specialised functions (commissars and food-masters (proviantmeistery). Considering the historical perspective, the author examines the principles of their interaction, the hierarchy, and terms of reference, concluding that the decisive influence on the formation of the state apparatus of Ingermanland Province was not provided by borrowing foreign (Baltic-German and Swedish) experience, but the specifics of solving current problems. The author considers the emerging principle of specialisation at the local state government level, primarily in the military and fiscal spheres, to be the main characteristic that distinguished the Ingermanland model from the previous voivodship administration. In the management methods as such, a significant role was played by traditional administrative principles and the regime of “manual control”, the adoption of situational decisions. All the advantages and disadvantages of the Ingermanland experiment were projected onto the state as a whole and consolidated during the provincial reform. Thus, the immediate source of the latter should be considered not the evolution of the system of enlarged districts (razryad) of the late seventeenth century, and not a generalisation of the experience of administering the Swedish Ostsee, but the achievements accumulated over several years of the functioning of Ingermanland Province.

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