The Chinese Studies, their origin and development at the Institute of Oriental studies of the Russian Academy

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 424-460
Author(s):  
Yurij V. Chudodeev
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Former Ussr

The article offers an account on the history of the Department of Chinese Studies at the Institute of the Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy in 1960-1980. This is one of the most important centres of Chinese Studies in the former USSR and in the post-soviet Russia. The article deals with its origins, scholarly activities, and achievements as well as the members of staff. The scholarly achievements are outlined in the context of the complex relationship between the Communist party’s views on the Chinese history and the actual findings, which had to be put in accordance with the view of the Party. The ideological censorship was acerbated by the complex and not always easy relations between the Chinese and Soviet communist ideologies on one hand and the USSR and the Peoples Republic of China on the other

Soviet Policy Toward Germany During the Russo-Polish War, 1920

Slavic Review ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Himmer
Keyword(s):  
Weimar Republic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
German Government ◽  
Soviet Policy ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Communist Revolution ◽  
Soviet Russia

The Russo-Polish War occasioned some of the most anxious moments in the history of relations between Soviet Russia and the Weimar Republic. Within Germany, the advance of the Red Army toward Warsaw in 1920 aroused strong, but contradictory emotions. First, it led many Germans to anticipate the destruction of Poland and to hope for the restoration of the Reich’s former eastern territories. Simultaneously, however, the westward Russian march raised fears of the invasion of Germany by Bolshevik forces. Within Russia, a similar dichotomy of views about Germany existed. On one hand, the German government was considered a hostile, though negligible and temporary—a Communist revolution there was thought imminent—factor in Russia’s situation. On the other, Germany was held important enough to Russia that serious proposals of a far-reaching alliance against Poland and the Entente were made to her. The former view rested on a fundamentally optimistic assessment of Russia’s prospects; the latter, on a sober one. Grounds for concern were afforded by the Soviet Republic’s grave economic problems and by worry about whether the weary Red Army could defeat Pilsudski’s forces, whose offensive capacity had been demonstrated by their capture of Kiev in May 1920. If Germany, which had had military forces in the field against the Bolsheviks only a year before, should actively assist the Poles, Russia’s situation could be appreciably worsened. Surprisingly, therefore, although there are several recent, excellent studies of Soviet-Polish affairs and the Russo-Polish War, and a voluminous literature on relations between the Soviets and the Weimar Republic, little attention has been paid to Soviet policy toward Germany during the conflict with Poland. To explain that policy, and its apparent contradiction, is the purpose of this article.

scholarly journals Development of the Advertising Specialty in Higher Education in Russia and China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-554
Author(s):  
Yuzhi Wang ◽  
Elena N. Remchukova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
New Media ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
New Forms Of Learning

The process of globalization and the emergence of various new media are currently increasing the importance of the study of advertising in various fields, including higher education. This is due to the fact that the ability of manufacturers to create and display advertising texts makes it possible to effectively promote ideas, goods or services around the world for commercial and non-commercial purposes. The research is devoted to a comparative analysis of the development of the advertising specialty in higher education in post-Soviet Russia (1991-2020) and in the Peoples Republic of China (1949-2020). It presents the history of the formation and development of the advertising specialty in Russian and Chinese universities. The authors investigate the extent to which the development of this specialty in universities complies with the requests of government agencies and of the advertising industry in Russia and China in different periods. The goal of the study is to examine the specifics of the development processes of the advertising specialty in Russia and China and to identify their advantages and disadvantages. Addressing the topic is relevant due to the intensity of the development of advertising and to the need to search for new forms of learning for the further development of this promising specialty in higher education. The results of the analysis have helped identify similarities and differences in the development of these processes in the two countries and describe specific features of the latter with due account of social, economic and historical factors at various stages of development. The obtained data proves that, along with similarities, the development of the advertising specialty in higher education in Russia and China has certain differences, which is directly related to the ideological atmosphere, financial state, economic strategies, and higher education standards in the two countries.

scholarly journals The Magic Spell and the Scent of Arabian Nights in Old China

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Philippov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Translation ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Educational History ◽  
Arabian Nights ◽  
Moscow Institute ◽  
Chinese Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oriental Studies

The proposed review analyzes the recently released four volumes of the Russian translation of the mysterious medieval Chinese novel “Chin Ping Mei” (in Russian, “The Plum in the Golden Vase”). The lengthy story written as a semi-erotic romance, can be compared with the best editions of “Arabian Nights” (in Russian, “A Book of A Thousand and One Nights”). The impressive edition depicts the life story of a lustful Chinese merchant who has devoted himself to spending his days among his wives, concubines and other “divas of amusement”. The profound publication includes a great amount of comments, remarks, scientific articles and original engravings. The new, impressively expanded (compared with the first 1977 edition in 2 volumes) scientific publication was prepared by several generations of Russian scholars in the field of Chinese studies. The editor-in-chief and supervisor of the project Artyom Kobzev (Moscow Institute for Oriental Studies) has provided a brilliant edition, having created an opportunity for a wider audience to become acquainted with a unique and educational history of ancient China.

scholarly journals The world’s biggest hotel companies. Old trends and new tendencies

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hotel Chains ◽  
The One

Abstract Many hotels are owned by a few dozen so-called hotel chains or hotel systems. The rapid growth of big hotel companies can be regarded as proof of the entrance of hotel systems into the globalisation phase. Since 2006, companies from the People’s Republic of China (PRC) have been among the world’s top hotel systems. This year can be considered as the symbolic beginning of a new stage in the history of the largest hotel systems. This paper shows two main trends. On the one hand, the processes that could be observed in the market of the major global hotel systems from the 1990s are still discernible (for example, the position of the so-called hotel megasystems). On the other hand, new trends have come to the fore in recent years, notably the emergence of systems from the People’s Republic of China among the world’s largest hotel systems.

Researches on the Status and Problems of Conservation of Modern Relics and Representative Buildings

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 6778-6781
Author(s):  
Ning Bai ◽  
Rong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Complete Chain ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
City Memory ◽  
Opening Up

Excellent buildings in different period recording city memory in different phases, they are connected up and irreplaceable respectively. As the important part of cultural heritage, modern relics and representative buildings pass historical information authentically and play a crucial role in providing historic witnesses. They are carrying a large number of Chinese history and culture sequentially ranging from the Ming, Qing Dynasty, Republic of China, the early days of New China, the Cultural Revolution period, the Opening-up Reform to contemporary times. They are either relevant to the major historical events and people, or occupy a certain position in the history of urban development. They are the sections of complete chain of history and culture. Nevertheless, they’re hardly shown on the list of “preserved heritage”. Concurrent with the construction of city, a large number of excellent modern buildings are suffering from demolition and destruction for they were young. Because of our lack of conservation consciousness and actions, many of them are in a devil of hole fragmented. The partially neglect of the conservation of modern cultural heritage is bound to cause the rupture of our tradition and blankness in memory. It is an increasingly urgent trend to save and protect these building heritages without any delay. This paper attempts to discuss the problems of modern relics and representative buildings conservation and improvement of conservation system.

A look at China and the formation of the doctrine of relations: distinctive features of the imperial and Soviet cultural policy of interaction

2020 ◽  
pp. 287-306
Author(s):  
Larisa P. Chernikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Oriental Studies

When studying Russian-Chinese relations, many aspects are covered through the prism of state interests. The essay tells how knowledge of China and practical Oriental studies became important corrective elements of the foreign policy of the Russian Empire and later of Soviet Russia / USSR. Here a large role was played by people with professional oriental education, but there were few of these at all times; therefore, part of the information resource was also occupied by the testimony of publicists, scientists, travelers, whose names are quite well known, and we are rediscovering some of the names and achievements of lesser-known people. It can be said that the main information about Ching China (the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries) came to the Russian press thanks to writers and journalists. Of the most popular, we can recall the travel essays of Ivan A. Goncharov Frigate ‘Pallas', the novels of the writer Aleksei S. Novikov-Priboy, the stories of the traveler M. Shcherbakov and many others. For the period from the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries a gigantic literature has been accumulated on the history of Russian-Chinese relations of different historical epochs, which include memoirs, reports, reports of diplomats and reviewers, impressions of travelers, and a huge number of articles by journalists and reporters on China. In turn, all this information required the generalization, selection and analysis of specialist scientists, who began to create their work from the second half of the nineteenth century to the present day. At different periods of their lives and activities, these people discovered eastern countries for themselves and generously shared knowledge with compatriots. Materials for the essay include archival research, Russian periodicals in China, and published works of oriental scholars, travel notes and memoirs.

Inclusion of the “eastern vector” in the sphere of USSR foreign policy. Russian / Soviet-Chinese relations in the 1910s — 1920s

2021 ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Natalya Mamaeva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
State Level ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Academic History ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic Of China ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Soviet Russia

In connection with the 20th anniversary of the signing of the Russian-Chinese Treaty on Good Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation (July 16, 2001), interest in the history of Russian-Chinese relations has grown even more. The author focuses on the development of bilateral Russian / Soviet — Chinese relations as one of the main directions of the eastern policy of Soviet Russia. The author notes the presence of two main channels of their formation. On the one hand, in the diplomatic and legal plane, at the level of state institutions, on the other hand, through the sphere of interaction of the Comintern, the RCP (b) / VKP (b), representatives of the diplomatic corps in China — with parties and public organizations of the Republic of China. Special attention is paid to identifying the main tasks that the participants in the process of interstate rapprochement set themselves. In the formation of the eastern direction of the USSR foreign policy, the importance of interaction between the Soviet state and China was taken into account to strengthen the positions of the RSFSR / USSR in the international arena in a difficult time for Russia of “international isolation”, the Civil War, foreign intervention, and the establishment of NEP. The Chinese side highly appreciated the new principles of the USSR's foreign policy. This is evidenced by the signing by both parties on May 31, 1924 of the Agreement on General Principles for the Settlement of Issues between the USSR and the Republic of China. At the same time, during the 1910s — 1920s. The Chinese side at times demonstrated inconsistency, elements of legal nihilism, participation in anti-Soviet provocations in exchange for concessions from the powers in the struggle to abolish “unequal treaties”. There were also acute and controversial problems associated with the Chinese Eastern Railway and Mongolia. Despite some negatives in relations between the RSFSR / USSR and the Republic of China, in general, the relations of the parties were characterized by a mutual desire for rapprochement at the state level, more inherent in the Soviet Union. This text was prepared within the framework of the project of the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the creation of a multivolume academic history of Russia. Published for approbation purposes.

“Recapturing” the “Other”: Jewish Laws of War and International Law

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Betina Kuzmarov
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Laws Of War ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of International Law ◽  
The Relationship

The story would recapture the trace of Judaism, particularly the mystical Jew, in the early literature of international law—I think most readily of Gentilis' obsession with Judaism—a Judaism that seems at once the law that revelation and redemption replace and the mysticism that law and state refuse. Paradoxically enough, we find here our own complex relationship between law and religion exactly mirrored in the relationship between Christianity and Judaism.This article examines the relationship between the Jewish laws of war and international law. As Kennedy notes in the opening quote, one way of understanding the relationship between Jewish laws of war and international law is as part of the relationship between international law and its “other.” Kennedy defines Jewish law as mystical, and in so doing he asserts that Jewish law is different in form than state law/international law. Kennedy's opposition of Jewish law and international law is not accidental. It is a direct consequence of the history of international law. As Mutua has noted “[i]nternational law claims to be universal, although its creators have unambiguously asserted its European and Christian origins.” From this point of view, international law has “universalized” its particular origins with the consequence that any non-European or non-Christian tradition is not universal and is the “other.” This fact leads Kennedy to argue that international law has ignored (among many other things) the traces of religion, mysticism and Judaism in its history in its quest to claim secular universality.

FIRST SEMINAR ‘DYNASTIES AND SUCCESSION TO THE THRONE IN ANCIENT CHINA’. SERIES “COLLOQUIUM STANISLAVI. TERMINOLOGY DESCRIBING POWER AND KINSHIP IN ANCIENT CHINA”

2020 ◽  
pp. 318-325
Author(s):  
Marina E. Kuznetsova-Fetisova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
China Series

In a number of issues and problems in contemporary Sinology opinions of experts still differ sharply; this also extends to the ancient history of China. A series of seminars “‘Colloquium Stanislavi’. Terminology Describing Power and Kinship in Ancient China” held in the Chinese Department of the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, is envisioned as a platform for discussions on the most pressing issues, exchanging of views, and development of new terminology. The first seminar on the topic “Dynasties and Succession to the Throne in Ancient China” was held on November 18, 2020, with over 35 researchers taking part in the seminar. Traditionally, 24 dynastic histories are distinguished in the history of China; “dynastic history” being the name of the traditional historical sources describing the rule of a particular house; later the very historical periods were called accordingly. But these traditional denominations, for example, the Shang or Ming dynasty, did not coincide with the surname of the clan that ruled at that time. The discussion clearly revealed two main problems: Firstly, the lack of an adequate term to describe the phenomenon of Chinese history, which is now called “24 Dynastic Stories” and, secondly, the need to determine terminology conveying such major Chinese concepts like dai (代) and chao (朝).

Political Famines in the USSR and China: A Comparative Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Graziosi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Great Leap Forward ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Communist Countries

This article offers a comparative study of the domestic and international dimensions of two calamitous famines in Communist countries: one in the USSR engendered by Iosif Stalin's Great Turning Point (1928–1934) and the other in the People's Republic of China in connection with Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward (1958–1962). The article traces the historical roots of these catastrophes and explains how Sino-Soviet interactions affected the genesis of the famine in China. It also discusses the long-term consequences of these avoidable tragedies, comparing their impact on subsequent Soviet and Chinese history. A close look at the evident affinity between the famines opens new and at times unexpected vistas, which allow us not only to get a better grasp of each event in its own specificity but also to shed new light on fundamental questions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document