Bilateral use of the vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib attached to the pelvis: a novel treatment for scoliosis in the growing spine

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer F. Samdani ◽  
Ashish Ranade ◽  
Henry J. Dolch ◽  
Reed Williams ◽  
Tricia St. Hilaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cobb Angle ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Early Onset Scoliosis ◽  
Spine Deformity ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Age At Surgery ◽  
Growing Spine

Object Few options exist for the treatment of severe, early onset scoliosis. Goals of treatment include stabilizing curve progression while allowing for normal spine, chest, and lung growth. The vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) is a novel device designed to control the spine deformity while permitting lung and spine growth. In this paper the authors report their experience with using bilateral VEPTRs from the ribs to the pelvis for children with severe, early onset scoliosis. Methods Eleven children were identified who had been treated with bilateral VEPTRs from the ribs to the pelvis. The authors conducted a retrospective review and collected the following data: clinical diagnosis, age at surgery, number of lengthening procedures, and complications. In addition, pre- and postoperative radiographs were reviewed to measure maximum Cobb angle (both thoracic and lumbar), thoracic height, total spine height as measured from T-1 to S-1, thoracic kyphosis (T2–12), and lumbar lordosis (L1–S1). Results The average patient age at surgery was 71 months; the mean preoperative thoracic Cobb angle was 81.7°. This angle was corrected to 50.6° immediately postoperatively, and this correction was maintained; at the most recent follow-up the curves averaged 58°. Similarly, the preoperative kyphosis (T2–12) angle measured 43° preoperatively, 23° immediately postoperatively, and 37° at the most recent follow-up evaluation. The patients underwent a total of 41 lengthening procedures (average 3.7 lengthening procedures per patient), and overall spine length increased from 23.1 cm preoperatively, to 27.3 cm immediately postoperatively, to 29.4 cm at the final follow-up (an average of 25 months). Four (36.4%) of the 11 patients experienced complications. Conclusions The VEPTR offers a viable treatment option for children with severe, early onset scoliosis. It achieves and maintains spinal deformity correction, while allowing for continued spine and chest-wall growth. Complication rates are similar to those reported for other growing systems.

A six-year observational study of 31 children with early-onset scoliosis treated using magnetically controlled growing rods with a minimum follow-up of two years

2018 ◽  
Vol 100-B (9) ◽  
pp. 1187-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Subramanian ◽  
A. Ahmad ◽  
D. M. Mardare ◽  
D. C. Kieser ◽  
D. Mayers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Cobb Angle ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Early Onset Scoliosis ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Growing Rod ◽  
Initial Surgery ◽  
Rod System ◽  
The Mean

Aims Magnetically controlled growing rod (MCGR) systems use non-invasive spinal lengthening for the surgical treatment of early-onset scoliosis (EOS). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of these devices in the prevention of progression of the deformity. A secondary aim was to record the rate of complications. Patients and Methods An observational study of 31 consecutive children with EOS, of whom 15 were male, who were treated between December 2011 and October 2017 was undertaken. Their mean age was 7.7 years (2 to 14). The mean follow-up was 47 months (24 to 69). Distractions were completed using the tailgating technique. The primary outcome measure was correction of the radiographic deformity. Secondary outcomes were growth, functional outcomes and complication rates. Results The mean Cobb angle was 54° (14° to 91°) preoperatively and 37° (11° to 69°) at the latest follow-up (p < 0.001). The mean thoracic kyphosis (TK) was 45° (10° to 89°) preoperatively and 42° (9° to 84°) at the latest follow-up. The mean T1–S1 height increased from 287 mm (209 to 378) to 338 mm (240 to 427) (p < 0.001) and the mean sagittal balance reduced from 68 mm (-76 to 1470) preoperatively to 18 mm (-32 to 166) at the latest follow-up. The mean coronal balance was 3 mm (-336 to 64) preoperatively and 8 mm (-144 to 64) at the latest follow-up. The mean increase in weight and sitting and standing height at the latest follow-up was 45%, 10% and 15%, respectively. The mean Activity Scale for Kids (ASKp) scores increased in all domains, with only personal care and standing skills being significant at the latest follow-up (p = 0.02, p = 0.03). The improvements in Cobb angle, TK and T1-S1 heights were not related to gender, the aetiology of the EOS, or whether the procedure was primary or conversion from a conventional growing rod system. A total of 21 children developed 23 complications at a rate of 0.23 per patient per year. Seven developed MCGR-specific complications. Complications developed at a mean of 38 months (3 to 67) after the initial surgery and required 22 further procedures. Children who developed a complication were more likely to be younger, have syndromic EOS, and have a single-rod construct (6.9 versus 9.3 years, p = 0.034). Conclusion The progression of EOS can be controlled using MCGRs allowing growth and improved function. Younger and syndromic children are more likely to develop complications following surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1187–1200.

scholarly journals Magnetically controlled growing rods in the treatment of early onset scoliosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 405-414
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelaal ◽  
Sudarshan Munigangaiah ◽  
Jayesh Trivedi ◽  
Neil Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Cobb Angle ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Early Onset Scoliosis ◽  
Growing Rods ◽  
Angle Correction ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods

Aims Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) have been gaining popularity in the management of early-onset scoliosis (EOS) over the past decade. We present our experience with the first 44 MCGR consecutive cases treated at our institution. Methods This is a retrospective review of consecutive cases of MCGR performed in our institution between 2012 and 2018. This cohort consisted of 44 children (25 females and 19 males), with a mean age of 7.9 years (3.7 to 13.6). There were 41 primary cases and three revisions from other rod systems. The majority (38 children) had dual rods. The group represents a mixed aetiology including idiopathic (20), neuromuscular (13), syndromic (9), and congenital (2). The mean follow-up was 4.1 years, with a minimum of two years. Nine children graduated to definitive fusion. We evaluated radiological parameters of deformity correction (Cobb angle), and spinal growth (T1-T12 and T1-S1 heights), as well as complications during the course of treatment. Results The mean Cobb angles pre-operatively, postoperatively, and at last follow-up were 70° (53 to 103), 35° (15 to 71) and 39° (15 to 65) respectively (p < 0.001). Further, there was a mean of 14° (-6 to 27) of additional Cobb angle correction upon graduation from MCGR to definitive fusion. Both T1-T12 and T1-S1 showed significant increase in heights of 27 mm and 45 mm respectively at last follow-up (p < 0.001). Ten children (23%) developed 18 complications requiring 21 unplanned operations. Independent risk factors for developing a complication were single rod constructs and previous revision surgery. Conclusion MCGR has the benefit of avoiding multiple surgeries, and is an effective tool in treatment of early-onset scoliosis. It also maintains the flexibility of the spine, allowing further correction at the time of definitive fusion. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-7:405–414.

scholarly journals Growth-Friendly Implants With Rib Clawing Hooks as Proximal Anchors in Early-Onset Scoliosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-374
Author(s):  
Alaaeldin Azmi Ahmad ◽  
Loai Aker ◽  
Yahia Hanbali ◽  
Yousef Arafat
Keyword(s):  
Cobb Angle ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Early Onset Scoliosis ◽  
Rib Fixation ◽  
Lower Complication ◽  
Lower Complication Rate

Study Design: Retrospective study. Objectives: This study retrospectively evaluates the outcome of the surgical treatment of early-onset scoliosis with proximal clawing rib fixation in hybrid growing-rod constructs. The study examines spinal deformity correction with spinal growth maintenance, and the complications associated with this technique. Method: A hybrid rib construct surgery with serial lengthening was utilized for the treatment of 71 patients. Mean age at surgery was 66.6 months and mean time for follow-up was 43.9 months. Results: The coronal Cobb angle in patients fell from 63.1° preoperatively to 51.6° at the last follow-up, with a correction of 16.8%. The sagittal Cobb angle fell from 66.7° preoperatively to 38° at the last follow-up, with a correction of 42.6%. Coronal balance fell from 22.8° preoperatively to 22.3°, and sagittal balance fell from 35.4 mm preoperatively to 24.39 mm. T1-S1 spine height increased from 248.7 mm preoperatively to 282.4 mm, with a mean change of 1.13 cm per year. No neurological complications were detected. Conclusion: Surgical management for early-onset scoliosis using proximal clawing rib fixation technique is a good choice in terms of safety, ease of placing the proximal anchors, ability to use more than one form of instrumentation, and a lower complication rate.

scholarly journals Magnetically controlled growing rods in the treatment of early onset scoliosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 405-414
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelaal ◽  
Sudarshan Munigangaiah ◽  
Jayesh Trivedi ◽  
Neil Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Cobb Angle ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Early Onset Scoliosis ◽  
Growing Rods ◽  
Angle Correction ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods

Aims Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) have been gaining popularity in the management of early-onset scoliosis (EOS) over the past decade. We present our experience with the first 44 MCGR consecutive cases treated at our institution. Methods This is a retrospective review of consecutive cases of MCGR performed in our institution between 2012 and 2018. This cohort consisted of 44 children (25 females and 19 males), with a mean age of 7.9 years (3.7 to 13.6). There were 41 primary cases and three revisions from other rod systems. The majority (38 children) had dual rods. The group represents a mixed aetiology including idiopathic (20), neuromuscular (13), syndromic (9), and congenital (2). The mean follow-up was 4.1 years, with a minimum of two years. Nine children graduated to definitive fusion. We evaluated radiological parameters of deformity correction (Cobb angle), and spinal growth (T1-T12 and T1-S1 heights), as well as complications during the course of treatment. Results The mean Cobb angles pre-operatively, postoperatively, and at last follow-up were 70° (53 to 103), 35° (15 to 71) and 39° (15 to 65) respectively (p < 0.001). Further, there was a mean of 14° (-6 to 27) of additional Cobb angle correction upon graduation from MCGR to definitive fusion. Both T1-T12 and T1-S1 showed significant increase in heights of 27 mm and 45 mm respectively at last follow-up (p < 0.001). Ten children (23%) developed 18 complications requiring 21 unplanned operations. Independent risk factors for developing a complication were single rod constructs and previous revision surgery. Conclusion MCGR has the benefit of avoiding multiple surgeries, and is an effective tool in treatment of early-onset scoliosis. It also maintains the flexibility of the spine, allowing further correction at the time of definitive fusion. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-7:405–414.

Mid-term results of a modified self-growing rod technique for the treatment of early-onset scoliosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 102-B (11) ◽  
pp. 1560-1566
Author(s):  
Hossein Mehdian ◽  
Sleiman Haddad ◽  
Dritan Pasku ◽  
Luigi Aurelio Nasto
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Cobb Angle ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Early Onset Scoliosis ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Spinal Growth ◽  
Growing Rod ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mid Term Results

Aims To report the mid-term results of a modified self-growing rod (SGR) technique for the treatment of idiopathic and neuromuscular early-onset scoliosis (EOS). Methods We carried out a retrospective analysis of 16 consecutive patients with EOS treated with an SGR construct at a single hospital between September 2008 and December 2014. General demographics and deformity variables (i.e. major Cobb angle, T1 to T12 length, T1 to S1 length, pelvic obliquity, shoulder obliquity, and C7 plumb line) were recorded preoperatively, and postoperatively at yearly follow-up. Complications and revision procedures were also recorded. Only patients with a minimum follow-up of five years after surgery were included. Results A total of 16 patients were included. Six patients had an idiopathic EOS while ten patients had a neuromuscular or syndromic EOS (seven spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and three with cerebral palsy or a syndrome). Their mean ages at surgery were 7.1 years (SD 2.2) and 13.3 years (SD 2.6) respectively at final follow-up. The mean preoperative Cobb angle of the major curve was 66.1° (SD 8.5°) and had improved to 25.5° (SD 9.9°) at final follow-up. The T1 to S1 length increased from 289.7 mm (SD 24.9) before surgery to 330.6 mm (SD 30.4) immediately after surgery. The mean T1 to S1 and T1 to T12 growth after surgery were 64.1 mm (SD 19.9) and 47.4 mm (SD 18.8), respectively, thus accounting for a mean T1 to S1 and T1 to T12 spinal growth after surgery of 10.5 mm/year (SD 3.7) and 7.8 mm/year (SD 3.3), respectively. A total of six patients (five idiopathic EOS, one cerebral palsy EOS) had broken rods during their growth spurt but were uneventfully revised with a fusion procedure. No other complications were noted. Conclusion Our data show that SGR is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of EOS in nonambulatory hypotonic patients with a neuromuscular condition. Significant spinal growth can be expected after surgery and is comparable to other published techniques for EOS. While satisfactory correction of the deformity can be achieved and maintained with this technique, a high rate of rod breakage was seen in patients with an idiopathic or cerebral palsy EOS. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(11):1560–1566.

scholarly journals Traditional growing rod for early-onset scoliosis in high-altitude regions: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijun Jiang ◽  
Junrui Jonathan Hai ◽  
Peng Yin ◽  
Qingjun Su ◽  
Shiqi Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cobb Angle ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Early Onset Scoliosis ◽  
Sacral Slope ◽  
Growing Rods ◽  
Initial Surgery ◽  
Radiographic Measurements

Abstract Background Children with early-onset scoliosis living in high-altitude areas have severe deformities and poor nutritional status. However, no reports on early-onset scoliosis treatment using traditional growing rods in such children exist. Thus, we analyzed the outcomes of traditional growing rods treatment in such patients and the effect of altitude on therapy. Methods Between September 2007 and December 2017, 59 consecutive patients with EOS underwent systematic surgical correction using traditional growing rods. They were divided into the high-altitude and low-altitude groups, and differences in surgical efficacy and complications between the groups were analyzed pre- and postoperatively. Radiographic measurements, including the Cobb angle, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, T1–S1 and T1–T12 heights, sagittal and coronal balance, distance between C7PL and sagittal vertical axis, pelvic incidence, sacral slope, and pelvic tilt were assessed preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the last follow-up. Continuous data were analyzed using paired or independent Student’s t tests, and they were compared preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the last follow-up using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Enumerated data were analyzed using the χ2 test. Results The mean patient age at the initial surgery and mean follow-up duration were 8.9 ± 2.4(5–14) years and 51.91 ± 25.23 months, respectively. Altogether, 234 operations were conducted for all patients with an average interval between operations of 11.4 ± 3.0 months. The average Cobb angle was similar in both groups preoperatively and at the last follow-up, it was significantly different postoperatively. TK was significantly different in all three periods. T1–S1 and T1–T12 heights were significantly different only during the preoperative period. The overall rates of complications and implant-related complications did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusions Deformity in patients with EOS in high-altitude areas was more severe, and treatment using TGRs yielded a satisfactory therapeutic effect.

scholarly journals Male sex may not be associated with worse outcomes in primary all-posterior adult spinal deformity surgery: a multicenter analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. E9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Bumpass ◽  
Lawrence G. Lenke ◽  
Jeffrey L. Gum ◽  
Christopher I. Shaffrey ◽  
Justin S. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Adult Spinal Deformity ◽  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Spine Deformity ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Male Patients

OBJECTIVEAdolescent spine deformity studies have shown that male patients require longer surgery and have greater estimated blood loss (EBL) and complications compared with female patients. No studies exist to support this relationship in adult spinal deformity (ASD). The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between sex and complications, deformity correction, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with ASD. It was hypothesized that male ASD patients would have greater EBL, longer surgery, and more complications than female ASD patients.METHODSA multicenter ASD cohort was retrospectively queried for patients who underwent primary posterior-only instrumented fusions with a minimum of 5 levels fused. The minimum follow-up was 2 years. Primary outcomes were EBL, operative time, intra-, peri-, and postoperative complications, radiographic correction, and HRQOL outcomes (Oswestry Disability Index, SF-36, and Scoliosis Research Society-22r Questionnaire). Poisson multivariate regression was used to control for age, comorbidities, and levels fused.RESULTSNinety male and 319 female patients met the inclusion criteria. Male patients had significantly greater mean EBL (2373 ml vs 1829 ml, p = 0.01). The mean operative time, transfusion requirements, and final radiographic measurements did not differ between sexes. Similarly, changes in HRQOL showed no significant differences. Finally, there were no sex differences in the incidence of complications (total, major, or minor) at any time point after controlling for age, body mass index, comorbidities, and levels fused.CONCLUSIONSDespite higher EBL, male ASD patients did not experience more complications or require less deformity correction at the 2-year follow-up. HRQOL scores similarly showed no sex differences. These findings differ from adolescent deformity studies, and surgeons can counsel patients that sex is unlikely to influence the outcomes and complication rates of primary all-posterior ASD surgery.

Mean 6-Year Follow-up of Magnetically Controlled Growing Rod Patients With Early Onset Scoliosis: A Glimpse of What Happens to Graduates

Neurosurgery ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 1112-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Pui Yin Cheung ◽  
Karen Yiu ◽  
Kenny Kwan ◽  
Kenneth M C Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Cobb Angle ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Reoperation Rate ◽  
Early Onset Scoliosis ◽  
Growing Rods ◽  
Initial Implantation ◽  
Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods ◽  
Magnetically Controlled Growing Rod

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is no agreement on frequency of distractions of magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs) but more frequent and smaller amounts of distractions mimic physiological spine growth. The mid- to long-term follow-up and management at skeletal maturity is unknown.OBJECTIVETo analyze patients with mean 6 yr of follow-up and describe the fate of MCGR graduates.METHODSEarly onset scoliosis (EOS) patients treated with MCGRs with minimum 4 yr of follow-up and/or at graduation were studied. Parameters under study included Cobb angle, spine and instrumented lengths, and rod distraction gains. Relationship between timing of rod exchanges with changes in rate of lengthening was studied.RESULTSTen EOS patients with mean 6.1 yr of follow-up were studied. The greatest Cobb angle correction occurred at the initial implantation surgery and was stable thereafter. Consistent gains in T1-12, T1-S1, and instrumented segment were observed. Rate of lengthening reduced after the first year of use but improved back to initial rates after rod exchange. Seven of the ten patients experienced complications with reoperation rate of 40% for rod distraction failure and proximal foundation problems. Only mild further improvements in all radiological parameters were observed pre- and postfinal surgery. No clinically significant curve progression was observed for rod removal only. All postfinal surgery parameters remained similar at postoperative 2 yr.CONCLUSIONThis study provides an outlook of the end of MCGR treatment. Although this is a fusionless procedure, instrumented segments do experience stiffness limiting further correction and length gain during final surgery whether fusion or rod removal is performed.

Minimum 5-Year Follow-up on Graduates of Growing Spine Surgery for Early Onset Scoliosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. e942-e946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Murphy ◽  
William R. Barfield ◽  
John B. Emans ◽  
Behrooz Akbarnia ◽  
George Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Early Onset Scoliosis ◽  
Growing Spine

scholarly journals Is ghrelin a biomarker of early-onset scoliosis in children with Prader–Willi syndrome?

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dibia Liz Pacoricona Alfaro ◽  
Gwenaelle Diene ◽  
Graziella Pinto ◽  
Jean-Pierre Salles ◽  
Isabelle Gennero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cobb Angle ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Early Onset Scoliosis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Ghrelin ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis display high ghrelin levels. As hyperghrelinemia is found in patients with PWS and early-onset scoliosis (EOS) is highly prevalent in these patients, our aims were to explore (1) whether ghrelin levels differ between those with and without EOS and correlate with scoliosis severity, and (2) whether ghrelin levels in the first year of life are associated with the later development of EOS. Methods We used a case control study design for the first question and a longitudinal design for the second. Patients with PWS having plasma ghrelin measurements recorded between 2013 and 2018 in our database were selected and 30 children < 10 years old with EOS and 30 age- and BMI-matched controls without EOS were included. The Cobb angle at diagnosis was recorded. In addition, 37 infants with a ghrelin measurement in the first year of life were followed until 4 years of age and assessed for EOS. Total ghrelin (TG), acylated (AG) and unacylated ghrelin (UAG), and the AG/UAG ratio were analyzed. Results EOS children had an AG/UAG ratio statistically significantly lower than controls. The Cobb angle was positively correlated with TG and UAG. TG and AG in the first year of life were higher in infants who later develop EOS without reaching a statistically significant difference. Conclusions Our results suggest that ghrelin may play a role in the pathophysiology of EOS in PWS. Higher ghrelinemia in the first year of life required careful follow-up for EOS.

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