scholarly journals A brief history of early neuroanesthesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. E2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Chivukula ◽  
Ramesh Grandhi ◽  
Robert M. Friedlander
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Anesthesia Care ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Perioperative Pain Management ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Anesthesia ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Public Demonstration ◽  
Over Time

Two key discoveries in the 19th century—infection control and the development of general anesthesia—provided an impetus for the rapid advancement of surgery, especially within the field of neurosurgery. Improvements in anesthesia and perioperative care, in particular, fostered the development of meticulous surgical technique conducive to the refinement of neuroanatomical understanding and optimization of neurosurgical procedures and outcomes. Yet, even dating back to the earliest times, some form of anesthesia or perioperative pain management was used during neurosurgical procedures. Despite a few reports on anesthesia published around the time of William Morton's now-famous public demonstration of ether anesthesia in 1846, relatively little is known or written of early anesthetics in neurosurgery. In the present article the authors discuss the history of anesthesia pertaining to neurosurgical procedures and draw parallels between the refinements and developments in anesthesia care over time with some of the concomitant advances in neurosurgery.

The history of brain retractors throughout the development of neurological surgery

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. E8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Assina ◽  
Sebastian Rubino ◽  
Christina E. Sarris ◽  
Chirag D. Gandhi ◽  
Charles J. Prestigiacomo
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Intracranial Surgery ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brain Retraction ◽  
Neurological Surgery ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Brain

Early neurosurgical procedures dealt mainly with treatment of head trauma, especially skull fractures. Since the early medical writings by Hippocrates, a great deal of respect was given to the dura mater, and many other surgeons warned against violating the dura. It was not until the 19th century that neurosurgeons started venturing beneath the dura, deep into the brain parenchyma. With this advancement, brain retraction became an essential component of intracranial surgery. Over the years brain retractors have been created pragmatically to provide better visualization, increased articulations and degrees of freedom, greater stability, less brain retraction injury, and less user effort. Brain retractors have evolved from simple handheld retractors to intricate brain-retraction systems with hand-rest stabilizers. This paper will focus on the history of brain retractors, the different types of retractors, and the progression from one form to another.

scholarly journals The history of neurosurgery and its relation to the development and refinement of the frontotemporal craniotomy

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. E12 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ryan Ormond ◽  
Costas G. Hadjipanayis
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
History Of Neurosurgery ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cerebral Localization ◽  
Great Odds ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

The history of neurosurgery is filled with descriptions of brave surgeons performing surgery against great odds in an attempt to improve outcomes in their patients. In the distant past, most neurosurgical procedures were limited to trephination, and this was sometimes performed for unclear reasons. Beginning in the Renaissance and accelerating through the middle and late 19th century, a greater understanding of cerebral localization, antisepsis, anesthesia, and hemostasis led to an era of great expansion in neurosurgical approaches and techniques. During this process, frontotemporal approaches were also developed and refined over time. Progress often depended on the technical advances of scientists coupled with the innovative ideas and courage of pioneering surgeons. A better understanding of this history provides insight into where we originated as a specialty and in what directions we may go in the future. This review considers the historical events enabling the development of neurosurgery as a specialty, and how this relates to the development of frontotemporal approaches.

Types of anesthesia for different sacroiliac joint interventions

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
Behnum A. Habibi ◽  
Mark N. Malinowski ◽  
Chong H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Sacroiliac Joint ◽  
Anesthetic Technique ◽  
Anesthetic Techniques ◽  
Anesthesia Care ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Anesthesia ◽  
Joint Injections

There are a variety of anesthetic techniques commonly used for sacroiliac joint (SIJ) procedures. For example, diagnostic SIJ injections do not necessitate anesthesia, while open SIJ fusions require general anesthesia. This chapter, targeted to practitioners performing SIJ procedures, covers the basic elements of these techniques. After a brief discussion of the history of anesthesia in relation to SIJ procedures, each common anesthetic technique is discussed, in order of increasing sedation. Local anesthesia is discussed for intraarticular joint injections, blocks of the nerves innervating the SIJ, and radiofrequency ablations of these same nerves. Monitored anesthesia care is discussed for procedures such as minimally invasive SIJ fusions and the Simplicity radiofrequency ablation technique. The use of neuraxial anesthesia, via either spinal or epidural blocks, is considered for lateral SIJ fusions. Finally, the use of general anesthesia for lateral and open fusions is reviewed.

Caprio and Merola: Latin American Contribution to the Development of Liver Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ruso Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Liver Resection ◽  
Surgical Technique ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Liver Surgery ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

Regarding the history of liver surgery, Latin American pioneers have only occasionally been mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon literature. One of such rare cases was Uruguayan surgeon Gerardo Caprio, who in 1931 published a report about a resection of the left lobe of the liver. This was done during an uneventful period in the development of ideas on this surgical technique, following the remarkable advances made in the last quarter of the 19th Century. The anatomic and liver manipulation concepts used by Caprio had been developed by Merola in reports dating back to 1916 and 1920, which revealed well-grounded disagreements with the most renowned anatomists of the time. This paper discusses Merola and Caprio’s academic profile by analyzing their publications, the knowledge base and experience that led the latter to perform such liver resection, and the surgical principles applied to it, which would only be formally adopted worldwide 20 years later.

A clinical history of Zincum metallicum: homeopathic pathogenetic trials and case reports

Homeopathy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 106 (02) ◽  
pp. 114-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Waisse ◽  
Gheorghe Jurj
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Homeopathic Drug ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Over Time

In the present study, we investigated the experimental basis for the indications of homeopathic drug Zincum metallicum. The current body of knowledge about Zinc met has a core composed of pathogenetic and clinical data collected in the 19th century surrounded by layers of clinical observations reported over time. In the description, we prioritized poorly known sources, especially the ones that were never translated from the original German. We also performed quantitative and statistical analysis of repertory data. Through a literature survey and a call to practicing homeopathic doctors from many countries, we were able to put together a relevant case-series that represents homeopathic indications of Zinc.

A brief history of water filtration/sedimentation

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry W. Mays
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Over Time

For millennia the search for ‘pure’ water has been pursued by humans. Criteria for purity have become more complex, more rigid, and more quantitative over time; however, the principles, methods, and material for purifying water have remained remarkably similar from the earliest recorded information of 2000 BC. The scope of this paper is to present a brief history of water filtration and sedimentation practices for potable water management extending from the ancient times to the 19th century. It is not an exhaustive presentation, but instead presents some of the most important advances in water supply since the beginning of human's quest for pure water. M. N. Baker and M. J. Taras in 1981 presented an excellent overview of this quest, especially during the 17th to the 20th century.

Derogatory to Professional Character?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine J. Strandburg
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Drug User ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
User Innovation ◽  
Medical Innovation ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

Kathy Strandburg looks at the field of medicine, which has a long history of opposition to patents. She tracks the historical evolution of user innovation among physicians, with particular focus on ether anesthesia, a medical breakthrough that started out as a nineteenth-century party drug. User innovator communities often eschew patenting, relying instead on reputation-based reward systems and sharing norms. But while virtually all medical innovation was once the province of user innovator physicians, this is no longer the case. The ethical norms against patenting drugs and devices are no longer observed today, yet the norm against patenting medical procedures has remained surprisingly robust. This chapter argues that physician patenting norms have evolved to track changes in the role physicians play in medical innovation. This story helps illustrate the interplay between social norms and law, showing how they can influence each other and shift over time.

Narratives of democracy: A call for historical studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Tim B Müller ◽  
Jeppe Nevers
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Modern Democracy ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Over Time

Historians have long been aware of the power of narratives; but they have been hesitant to analyse the production of national narratives of democracy, in which their own profession played an important role. This issue and introduction aims to insert and study the role of narratives in the history of democracy. It builds on the growing literature in both the conceptual and political history of democracy, which has stressed the importance of the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century in the coming of modern democracy, albeit in non-linear and highly contested ways and often in contrast to the retrospective teleology at work in most older histories of democracy. Therefore, from the 19th century onwards, languages and narratives of democracy developed in many countries, but it happened at different times, at different speeds, and in different forms. This issue encourages and exemplifies systematic and comparative historical analysis of how narratives of democracy were created in that context: What national narratives of democracy did, in fact, exist in specific periods and contexts? Where have these narratives come from? How were nations ‘narrated’ as democratic, what purposes did different narratives serve, and how did they change over time?

History of thyroid surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

The authors present an outline of the development of thyroid surgery from the ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century, when the definitive surgical technique have been developed and the physiologic and pathopfysiologic consequences of thyroid resections have been described. The key representatives, as well as the contribution of the most influential czech surgeons are mentioned.

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