Obliteration of the choroid plexus after endoscopic coagulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Ogiwara ◽  
Kodai Uematsu ◽  
Nobuhito Morota
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Aqueductal Stenosis ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Infantile Hydrocephalus ◽  
Foramen Of Monro ◽  
Initial Surgery ◽  
Endoscopic Observation ◽  
The Mean

Object Endoscopic choroid plexus coagulation (CPC) with or without endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been shown to be effective for selected patients with hydrocephalus. However, whether the effect of the coagulation is temporary and the choroid plexus regenerates or can be obliterated has remained largely unknown. The authors evaluate the effectiveness of CPC and report 3 cases of obliteration demonstrated by direct endoscopic observation. Methods The authors retrospectively analyzed the surgical results of patients with hydrocephalus primarily treated by CPC with or without ETV. Charts were reviewed for demographic data, clinical presentations, surgical therapies, and clinical outcomes. Results Eighteen patients with hydrocephalus were surgically treated using endoscopic CPC between July 2002 and July 2012. In 12 patients, ETV was concurrently performed. The etiology of hydrocephalus was posthemorrhagic in 5 patients, myelomeningocele in 3, postmeningitis in 2, congenital aqueductal stenosis in 1, hydranencephaly in 1, porencephaly in 1, and idiopathic in 5. The mean age at surgery was 8 months (range 0.3–24 months). The mean follow-up was 64 months. In 9 cases (50%), control of hydrocephalus was successful and the patients did not require further surgeries. In 9 patients (50%), treatment failed. Of these, 3 patients underwent repeat ETV 2, 3, and 38 months after the initial surgery. Endoscopic observation of the previous coagulation site revealed no regeneration of the choroid plexus in 2 patients, who underwent repeat ETV 2 and 3 months after CPC. In 1 patient who underwent repeat ETV 38 months after CPC, no regeneration of the choroid plexus, except for that in the proximity of the foramen of Monro, was observed. Conclusions Endoscopic CPC with or without ETV can be a safe and effective treatment alternative to shunt placement in infantile hydrocephalus. Obliteration of the choroid plexus can persist in the relatively long term following CPC, which may contribute to the long-term control of hydrocephalus in successful cases.

Long-term outcome for endoscopic third ventriculostomy alone or in combination with choroid plexus cauterization for congenital aqueductal stenosis in African infants

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Warf ◽  
Sarah Tracy ◽  
John Mugamba
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Aqueductal Stenosis ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Choroid Plexus Cauterization

Object The authors have previously reported on the overall improved efficacy of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) combined with choroid plexus cauterization (CPC) for infants younger than 1 year of age. In the present study they specifically examined the long-term efficacy of ETV with or without CPC in 35 infants with congenital aqueduct stenosis treated at CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda during the years 2001–2006. Methods Infants with congenital aqueductal stenosis were treated during 2 distinct treatment epochs: all underwent ETV alone, and subsequently all underwent ETV-CPC. Prospectively collected data in the clinical database were reviewed for all infants with an age < 1 year who had been treated for hydrocephalus due to congenital aqueductal stenosis. Study exclusion criteria included: 1) a history or findings on imaging or at the time of ventriculoscopy that suggested a possible infectious cause of the hydrocephalus, including scarred choroid plexus; 2) an open aqueduct or an aqueduct obstructed by a membrane or cyst rather than by stenosis; 3) severe malformations of the cerebral hemispheres including hydranencephaly, significant segments of undeveloped brain, or schizencephaly; 4) myelomeningocele, encephalocele, Dandy-Walker complex, or tumor; or 5) previous shunt insertion. The time to treatment failure was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method to construct survival curves. Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) and Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon tests were used to determine whether differences between the 2 treatment groups were significant. Results Thirty-five patients met the study criteria. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy alone was performed in 12 patients (mean age 4.7 months), and combined ETV-CPC was performed in 23 patients (mean age 3.5 months). For patients without treatment failure, the mean and median follow-ups were, respectively, 51.6 and 48.0 months in the ETV group and 31.2 and 26.4 months in the ETV-CPC group. Treatment was successful in 48.6% of the patients who underwent ETV alone, as accurately predicted by the Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy Success Score (ETVSS), and in 81.9% of the patients who underwent ETV-CPC (p = 0.0119, log-rank test; p = 0.0041, Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test; HR 6.42 [95% CI 1.51–27.36]). Conclusions Combined ETV-CPC is significantly superior to ETV alone for infants younger than 1 year of age with congenital aqueductal stenosis. The fact that the outcome for ETV alone was accurately predicted by the ETVSS suggests that these results are applicable in developed countries.

Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Hydrocephalus Secondary to Tectal Plate Glioma versus Idiopathic Aqueductal Stenosis: Results from a Single Center

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Niknejad ◽  
Melissa Frederickx ◽  
Emiel Salaets ◽  
Jurgen Lemiere ◽  
Lieven Lagae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueductal Stenosis ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Tectal Plate ◽  
The Mean

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Tectal plate gliomas (TPG) constitute a distinct entity of benign tumors of the brain stem which show an indolent clinical course. Adequate treatment of secondary hydrocephalus is undoubtedly a major factor in the outcome. However, little is known about to what degree the tumor itself determines the long-term outcome of these patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We retrospectively analyzed and compared the clinical and radiological data of 16 pediatric TPG patients with data of 12 pediatric idiopathic aqueductal stenosis (IAS) patients treated in our center from 1988 to 2018. For both groups, we assessed the long-term outcome in terms of hydrocephalus management, and for the TPG group, we assessed tumor growth during follow-up. In a separate prospective part of the study, we performed a neuropsychological evaluation in a subgroup of patients using a standardized testing battery, covering intelligence, learning, memory, executive functions, and an inventory on depression. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the TPG group, the mean clinical and radiological follow-up was 84 and 70 months, respectively. On average, the maximum diameter of the tumor increased by 11% (<i>p</i> = 0.031) and the estimated tumor volume with 35% (<i>p</i> = 0.026) on radiological follow-up. The fronto-occipital horn ratio (FOHR) decreased by 23% on average after treatment. In the IAS group, the mean clinical and radiological follow-up was 117 and 85 months, respectively. In this group, the FOHR decreased by 21% on average. Neurocognitive testing revealed significant higher scores in the TPG group on global intelligence (TPG = 109, IAS = 85.5, <i>U</i> = 3, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01, <i>z</i> = −2.71), performance (TPG= 100, IAS = 85, <i>U</i> = 7, <i>p</i> = 0.03, <i>z</i> = −2.2), and verbal intelligence (TPG = 122, IAS = 91.5, <i>U</i> = 2, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.00, <i>z</i> = −2.87) as well as working memory (TPG = 109.5, IAS = 77, <i>U</i> = 0.5, <i>p</i> = 0.01, <i>z</i> = −2.46). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our results suggest that the long-term outcome in TPG patients is acceptable and that cognition is substantially better preserved than in patients with IAS. This puts the idea of a significant contribution of the tumoral mass to disease outcome on the long term in question. Adequate and prompt management of hydrocephalus is the most important factor in long-term cognitive outcome.

Failure of third ventriculostomy in the treatment of aqueductal stenosis in children

1999 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Cinalli ◽  
Christian Sainte-Rose ◽  
Paul Chumas ◽  
Michel Zerah ◽  
Francis Brunelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Aqueductal Stenosis ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group I ◽  
Endoscopic Guidance ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The goal of this study was to analyze the types of failure and long-term efficacy of third ventriculostomy in children.Methods. The authors retrospectively analyzed clinical data obtained in 213 children affected by obstructive triventricular hydrocephalus who were treated by third ventriculostomy between 1973 and 1997. There were 120 boys and 93 girls. The causes of the hydrocephalus included: aqueductal stenosis in 126 cases; toxoplasmosis in 23 cases, pineal, mesencephalic, or tectal tumor in 42 cases; and other causes in 22 cases. In 94 cases, the procedure was performed using ventriculographic guidance (Group I) and in 119 cases by using endoscopic guidance (Group II). In 19 cases (12 in Group I and seven in Group II) failure was related to the surgical technique. Three deaths related to the technique were observed in Group I. For the remaining patients, Kaplan—Meier survival analysis showed a functioning third ventriculostomy rate of 72% at 6 years with a mean follow-up period of 45.5 months (range 4 days–17 years). No significant differences were found during long-term follow up between the two groups. In Group I, a significantly higher failure rate was seen in children younger than 6 months of age, but this difference was not observed in Group II. Thirty-eight patients required reoperation (21 in Group I and 17 in Group II) because of persistent or recurrent intracranial hypertension. In 29 patients shunt placement was necessary. In nine patients in whom there was radiologically confirmed obstruction of the stoma, the third ventriculostomy was repeated; this was successful in seven cases. Cine phase-contrast (PC) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies were performed in 15 patients in Group I at least 10 years after they had undergone third ventriculostomy (range 10–17 years, median 14.3 years); this confirmed long-term patency of the stoma in all cases.Conclusions. Third ventriculostomy effectively controls obstructive triventricular hydrocephalus in more than 70% of children and should be preferred to placement of extracranial cerebrospinal shunts in this group of patients. When performed using ventriculographic guidance, the technique has a higher mortality rate and a higher failure rate in children younger than 6 months of age and is, therefore, no longer preferred. When third ventriculostomy is performed using endoscopic guidance, the same long-term results are achieved in children younger than 6 months of age as in older children and, thus, patient age should no longer be considered as a contraindication to using the technique. Delayed failures are usually secondary to obstruction of the stoma and often can be managed by repeating the procedure. Midline sagittal T2-weighted MR imaging sequences combined with cine PC MR imaging flow measurements provide a reliable tool for diagnosis of aqueductal stenosis and for ascertaining the patency of the stoma during follow-up evaluation.

Hemangiopericytoma: long-term outcome revisited

2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Schiariti ◽  
Pablo Goetz ◽  
Hussien El-Maghraby ◽  
Jignesh Tailor ◽  
Neil Kitchen
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Local Recurrence ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Free Interval ◽  
Initial Surgery ◽  
The Mean

Object Hemangiopericytomas are rare tumors that behave aggressively with a high rate of local recurrence and distant metastases. With the aim of determining the outcome and response to various treatment modalities, a series of 39 patients who underwent microsurgical resection for primary meningeal hemangiopericytoma over a 24-year period is presented. Methods Patients with hemangiopericytoma were identified from histopathology records and their medical records were analyzed retrospectively by 2 independent reviewers to collect data on surgical treatment, adjuvant therapy, postoperative course, local or distant recurrence, and follow-up. Results Of the 39 patients, 19 were male and 20 were female. Mean patient age was 44.1 years. Thirty-four tumors were intracranial and 5 were spinal. The mean follow-up period was 123 months. Twenty-eight patients developed local recurrence. The recurrence rate at 1, 5, and 15 years was 3.5%, 46%, and 92%, respectively. Extraneural metastasis occurred in 8 patients (26%) at an average of 123 months after initial surgery. Recurrences and metastases were treated by surgical excision, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), chemotherapy, and/or stereotactic radiosurgery. Adjuvant EBRT following initial surgery was found to extend the disease-free interval from 154 months to 254 months, although it did not prevent the development of metastasis. In those patients with EBRT and complete resection, the mean recurrence-free interval was found to be 126.3 months longer (p = 0.04) and overall survival 126 months longer than without EBRT. Furthermore, adjusting for resection, patients undergoing EBRT had 0.33 times increased risk of recurrence compared with those who did not (p = 0.03). A majority of patients remained able to live independently despite revision surgery for recurrence. Conclusions The mean follow-up of this patient series represents the longest follow-up duration published to date and demonstrates extended survival in a significant number of patients with hemangiopericytoma. Gross-total resection followed by adjuvant EBRT provides patients with the highest probability of an increased recurrence-free interval and overall survival. Prolonged survival justifies long-term follow-up and aggressive treatment of initial, recurrent, and metastatic disease.

Long-term outcomes of an extracorporeal irradiated autograft for limb salvage operations in musculoskeletal tumours

2019 ◽  
Vol 101-B (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Oike ◽  
H. Kawashima ◽  
A. Ogose ◽  
H. Hatano ◽  
T. Ariizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Infection ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tumor ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tumor Society ◽  
Initial Surgery ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
The Mean

Aims We analyzed the long-term outcomes of patients observed over ten years after resection en bloc and reconstruction with extracorporeal irradiated autografts Patients and Methods This retrospective study included 27 patients who underwent resection en bloc and reimplantation of an extracorporeal irradiated autograft. The mean patient age and follow-up period were 31.7 years (9 to 59) and 16.6 years (10.3 to 24.3), respectively. The most common diagnosis was osteosarcoma (n = 10), followed by chondrosarcoma (n = 6). The femur (n = 13) was the most frequently involved site, followed by the tibia (n = 7). There were inlay grafts in five patients, intercalary grafts in 15 patients, and osteoarticular grafts in seven patients. Functional outcome was evaluated with the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system. Results There were no recurrences in the irradiated autograft and the autograft survived in 24 patients (88.9%). Major complications included nonunion (n = 9), subchondral bone collapse (n = 4), and deep infection (n = 4). Although 34 revision procedures were performed, 25 (73.5%) and four (11.8%) of these were performed less than five years and ten years after the initial surgery, respectively. The mean MSTS score at the last follow-up was 84.3% (33% to 100%). Conclusion Considering long-term outcomes, extracorporeal irradiated autograft is an effective method of reconstruction for malignant musculoskeletal tumours Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1151–1159

Predictors of endoscopic third ventriculostomy ostomy status in patients who experience failure of endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Hale ◽  
Amanda N. Stanton ◽  
Shilin Zhao ◽  
Faizal Haji ◽  
Stephen R. Gannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Aqueductal Stenosis ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Choroid Plexus Cauterization

OBJECTIVEAt failure of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) with choroid plexus cauterization (CPC), the ETV ostomy may be found to be closed or open. Failure with a closed ostomy may indicate a population that could benefit from evolving techniques to keep the ostomy open and may be candidates for repeat ETV, whereas failure with an open ostomy may be due to persistently abnormal CSF dynamics. This study seeks to identify clinical and radiographic predictors of ostomy status at the time of ETV/CPC failure.METHODSThe authors conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study on all pediatric patients with hydrocephalus who failed initial ETV/CPC treatment between January 2013 and October 2016. Failure was defined as the need for repeat ETV or ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement. Clinical and radiographic data were collected, and ETV ostomy status was determined endoscopically at the subsequent hydrocephalus procedure. Statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, t-test, and Pearson chi-square test where appropriate, as well as multivariate logistic regression.RESULTSOf 72 ETV/CPC failures, 28 patients (39%) had open-ostomy failure and 44 (61%) had closed-ostomy failure. Patients with open-ostomy failure were older (median 5.1 weeks corrected age for gestation [interquartile range (IQR) 0.9–15.9 weeks]) than patients with closed-ostomy failure (median 0.2 weeks [IQR −1.3 to 4.5 weeks]), a significant difference by univariate and multivariate regression. Etiologies of hydrocephalus included intraventricular hemorrhage of prematurity (32%), myelomeningocele (29%), congenital communicating (11%), aqueductal stenosis (11%), cyst/tumor (4%), and other causes (12%). A wider baseline third ventricle was associated with open-ostomy failure (median 15.0 mm [IQR 10.3–18.5 mm]) compared to closed-ostomy failure (median 11.7 mm [IQR 8.9–16.5 mm], p = 0.048). Finally, at the time of failure, patients with closed-ostomy failure had enlargement of their ventricles (frontal and occipital horn ratio [FOHR], failure vs baseline, median 0.06 [IQR 0.00–0.11]), while patients with open-ostomy failure had no change in ventricle size (median 0.01 [IQR −0.04 to 0.05], p = 0.018). Previous CSF temporizing procedures, intraoperative bleeding, and time to failure were not associated with ostomy status at ETV/CPC failure.CONCLUSIONSOlder corrected age for gestation, larger baseline third ventricle width, and no change in FOHR were associated with open-ostomy ETV/CPC failure. Future studies are warranted to further define and confirm features that may be predictive of ostomy status at the time of ETV/CPC failure.

Retethering of transected fatty filum terminales

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Ogiwara ◽  
Arleta Lyszczarz ◽  
Tord D. Alden ◽  
Robin M. Bowman ◽  
David G. McLone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Filum Terminale ◽  
The Mean

Object Untethering of a tethered spinal cord (TSC) by transecting or removing a fatty filum terminale is a relatively simple procedure that can prevent or ameliorate neurological symptoms, and the postoperative prognosis is usually good. Progressive neurological deterioration caused by recurrent tethering has been rarely reported. The authors present their experience in cases in which a sectioned fatty filum terminale has become retethered. Methods The authors retrospectively analyzed the surgical results of pediatric patients with fatty filum terminale–TSC treated by transection of the filum. The patients' charts were reviewed for demographic data, clinical presentation, surgical therapy, and follow-up data. Results Of the 225 children who underwent TSC release by sectioning the fatty filum from 1992 to 2005, there were 6 patients (2.7%; 3 males, 3 females) in whom the fatty filum retethered. The mean age at the first diagnosis of TSC was 5.2 years (range 2 months–12.3 years). The mean duration from the first untethering procedure to retethering was 5.4 years. The mean age at the time of retethering was 10.6 years (range 7–17.5 years). Symptoms of retethering were urinary incontinence, low-back pain, difficulty walking, constipation, leg pain, and worsening foot deformity. Patients underwent cystometrography at the time retethering was indicated by increased bladder capacity, large post-void residual volume, decreased bladder capacity, increase in filling pressure, and poor sensation of filling. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed adherence of the rostral stump of the sectioned filum to the midline dorsal dural surface. All patients underwent the second untethering procedure. Four patients improved neurologically and experienced no retethering thereafter (mean follow-up period 5.5 years). Two patients experienced additional retethering after temporary improvement following the second untethering procedure. Conclusions Retethering of the spinal cord is a rare condition occurring after the sectioning of a fatty filum terminale. Awareness of this rare sequela is necessary for appropriate long-term management of TSC caused by a fatty filum terminale. Cystometrography is useful for detecting the lesion and confirming the diagnosis of retethering.

scholarly journals Endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization for the treatment of infantile hydrocephalus in Haiti

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-416
Author(s):  
Ashish H. Shah ◽  
Yudy LaFortune ◽  
George M. Ibrahim ◽  
Iahn Cajigas ◽  
Michael Ragheb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Infantile Hydrocephalus ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Choroid Plexus Cauterization

OBJECTIVEUntreated hydrocephalus poses a significant health risk to children in the developing world. In response to this risk, global neurosurgical efforts have increasingly focused on endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC) in the management of infantile hydrocephalus in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Here, the authors report their experience with ETV/CPC at the Hospital Bernard-Mevs/Project Medishare (HBMPM) in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective review of a series of consecutive children who had undergone ETV/CPC for hydrocephalus over a 1-year period at HBMPM. The primary outcome of interest was time to ETV/CPC failure. Univariate and multivariate analyses using a Cox proportional hazards regression were performed to identify preoperative factors that were associated with outcomes.RESULTSOf the 82 children who underwent ETV/CPC, 52.2% remained shunt free at the last follow-up (mean 6.4 months). On univariate analysis, the ETV success score (ETVSS; p = 0.002), success of the attempted ETV (p = 0.018), and bilateral CPC (p = 0.045) were associated with shunt freedom. In the multivariate models, a lower ETVSS was independently associated with a poor outcome (HR 0.072, 95% CI 0.016–0.32, p < 0.001). Two children (2.4%) died of postoperative seizures.CONCLUSIONSAs in other LMICs, ETV/CPC is an effective treatment for hydrocephalus in children in Haiti, with a low but significant risk profile. Larger multinational prospective databases may further elucidate the ideal candidate for ETV/CPC in resource-poor settings.

scholarly journals Long Term Follow-up Results of Ablation Treatment for Patients with Small Renal Mass

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Gumus ◽  
Ali Albaz ◽  
Fatih Düzgün ◽  
Oktay Ucer ◽  
Gokhan Temeltas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Mass ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Minor Bleeding ◽  
Small Renal Mass ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of ablation therapy in our clinic for the treatment of patients with small renal mass Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the technic and follow-up data of 30 patients with 36 tumors who underwent Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) and Microwave Ablation (MWA) in our clinic. Demographic data, ablation type, tumor characteristics, peroperative and postoperative complications and treatment success of the patients were evaluated. Results: A total of 36 tumors who underwent ablation treatments, 23 were treated with RFA, 13 with MWA. The mean tumor size was 28.9 ± 6.92 mm in RFA and 29.3 ± 7.70 mm in MWA. 12 (52.1%) of the RFA procedures were applied to the right kidney while 11 (47.8%) were applied to the left kidney. 6 (46.1%) of the MWA procedures were performed on the right kidney and 7 (53.8%) on the left kidney. Of the 36 tumors, 4 (11.1%) were located central and 32 (88.8%) were peripheral. Complications occurred in 2 patients. In one of these patients, acute renal failure and urea creatinine were found to be elevated. In the other patient, local pain was found in the ablation side and minor bleeding was detected at the ablation site in USG. The mean follow-up period was 49.6 ± 24.7 months in patients with RFA and mean follow-up was 16 ± 8,05 months in MWA treatments. The overall success in MWA administration was calculated as 76.9%, while the overall success in RFA was 80%. Conclusion: Long-term oncologic efficacy of RFA appears to be successful in the treatment of T1a renal carcinomas. Further studies can be conducted to elucidate the influence of MWA on long-term oncological outcomes.

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