Deep brain stimulation for treatment of obesity in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Sani ◽  
Kirk Jobe ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Jeffrey H. Kordower ◽  
Roy A. E. Bakay
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Deep Brain

Object Given the success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in a variety of applications (for example, Parkinson disease and essential tremor), other indications for which there is currently little effective therapy are being evaluated for clinical use of DBS. Obesity may be one such indication. Studies of the control of feeding and appetite by neurosurgical lesioning have been completed previously. This study was conducted to test the authors' hypothesis that continuous bilateral stimulatory inhibition of the rat lateral hypothalamic nucleus (LH) would lead to significant and sustained decrease in food intake and subsequent weight loss. Methods Sixteen Sprague–Dawley rats were maintained on a high-fat diet. Daily food intake and weight gain were measured for 7 days, at which time the animals underwent stereotactic placement of 0.25-mm-diameter bipolar stimulating electrodes bilaterally in the LH. On postoperative Day 7, eight animals began to receive continuous stimulation of the LH. The remaining eight animals were left unstimulated as the control group. Individual animal weight, food intake, and water intake were monitored daily and continuously throughout the experiment until postoperative Day 24. Results There was a decreased rate of weight gain after surgery in all animals, but the unstimulated group recovered and resumed a linear weight gain curve. The stimulated group, however, failed to show weight gain and remained below the mean baseline for body mass. There was a significant weight loss between the stimulated and unstimulated groups. On postoperative Day 24, compared with the day of surgery (Day 0), the unstimulated group had a mean weight gain of 13.8%, whereas the stimulated group had a 2.3% weight loss on average (p = 0.001), yielding a 16.1% weight difference between the two groups. Conclusions Bilateral electrical stimulatory inhibition of the LH is effective in causing significant and sustained weight loss in rats.

scholarly journals Feasibility and Safety of Continuous and Chronic Bilateral Deep Brain Stimulation of the Medial Forebrain Bundle in the Naïve Sprague-Dawley Rat

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano L. Furlanetti ◽  
Máté D. Döbrössy ◽  
Iñigo A. Aranda ◽  
Volker A. Coenen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Medial Forebrain Bundle ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Initial Weight Loss ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
Deep Brain

Objective. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the superolateral branch of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) has provided rapid and dramatic reduction of depressive symptoms in a clinical trial. Early intracranial self-stimulation experiments of the MFB suggested detrimental side effects on the animals’ health; therefore, the current study looked at the viability of chronic and continuous MFB-DBS in rodents, with particular attention given to welfare issues and identification of stimulated pathways.Methods. Sprague-Dawley female rats were submitted to stereotactic microelectrode implantation into the MFB. Chronic continuous DBS was applied for 3–6 weeks. Welfare monitoring and behavior changes were assessed. Postmortem histological analysis ofc-fosprotein expression was carried out.Results. MFB-DBS resulted in mild and temporary weight loss in the animals, which was regained even with continuing stimulation. MFB-DBS led to increased and long-lastingc-fosexpression in target regions of the mesolimbic/mesocortical system.Conclusions. Bilateral continuous chronic MFB-DBS is feasible, safe, and without impact on the rodent’s health. MFB-DBS results in temporary increase in exploration, which could explain the initial weight loss, and does not produce any apparent behavioral abnormalities. This platform represents a powerful tool for further preclinical investigation of the MFB stimulation in the treatment of depression.

scholarly journals Noise-induced neurophysiological alterations in the rat medial geniculate body and thalamocortical desynchronization by deep brain stimulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gusta van Zwieten ◽  
Mark J. Roberts ◽  
Frédéric LVW Schaper ◽  
Jasper V Smit ◽  
Yasin Temel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Medial Geniculate Body ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Medial Geniculate ◽  
Deep Brain

The thalamic medial geniculate body (MGB) is uniquely positioned within the neural tinnitus networks. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the MGB has been proposed as a possible novel treatment for tinnitus, yet mechanisms remain elusive. The aim of this study was to characterize neurophysiologic hallmarks in the MGB after noise-exposure and to assess the neurophysiological effects of electrical stimulation of the MGB. Fourteen male Sprague Dawley rats were included. Nine subjects were unilaterally exposed to a 16 kHz octave-band noise at 115 dB for 90 minutes, five received sham exposure. Single units were recorded from the contralateral MGB where spontaneous firing, coefficient of variation, response type, rate-level functions and thresholds were determined. Local field potentials and electroencephalographical (EEG) recordings were performed before and after high frequency DBS of the MGB. Thalamocortical synchronization and power were analyzed. In total, 214 single units were identified (n = 145 in noise-exposed group, n = 69 in control group). After noise-exposure, fast-responding neurons become less- or non-responsive without change to their spontaneous rate, while sustained and suppressed type neurons exhibit enhanced spontaneous activity without change to their stimulus driven activity. MGB DBS suppressed thalamocortical synchronization in the beta and gamma bands, supporting suppression of thalamocortical synchronization as an underlying mechanism of tinnitus suppression by high frequency DBS. These findings contribute to our understanding of the neurophysiologic consequences of noise-exposure and the mechanism of potential DBS therapy for tinnitus.

An Open-Label Clinical Trial of Hypothalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Human Morbid Obesity: BLESS Study Protocol

Neurosurgery ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 800-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio A F De Salles ◽  
Daniel A N Barbosa ◽  
Fernando Fernandes ◽  
Julio Abucham ◽  
Debora M Nazato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Deep Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND Human morbid obesity is increasing worldwide in an alarming way. The hypothalamus is known to mediate its mechanisms. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) may be an alternative to treat patients refractory to standard medical and surgical therapies. OBJECTIVE To assess the safety, identify possible side effects, and to optimize stimulation parameters of continuous VMH-DBS. Additionally, this study aims to determine if continuous VMH-DBS will lead to weight loss by causing changes in body composition, basal metabolism, or food intake control. METHODS The BLESS study is a feasibility study, single-center open-label trial. Six patients (body mass index > 40) will undergo low-frequency VMH-DBS. Data concerning timing, duration, frequency, severity, causal relationships, and associated electrical stimulation patterns regarding side effects or weight changes will be recorded. EXPECTED OUTCOMES We expect to demonstrate the safety, identify possible side effects, and to optimize electrophysiological parameters related to VMH-DBS. No clinical or behavioral adverse changes are expected. Weight loss ≥ 3% of the basal weight after 3 mo of electrical stimulation will be considered adequate. Changes in body composition and increase in basal metabolism are expected. The amount of food intake is likely to remain unchanged. DISCUSSION The design of this study protocol is to define the safety of the procedure, the surgical parameters important for target localization, and additionally the safety of long-term stimulation of the VMH in morbidly obese patients. Novel neurosurgical approaches to treat metabolic and autonomic diseases can be developed based on the data made available by this investigation.

A-65 Quality Analysis of Deep Brain Stimulation for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder Using a Neuropsychological Assessment Battery

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107-1107
Author(s):  
Rachel Kallus ◽  
Lauren Bangert ◽  
Elana Farace
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Word Condition ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Deep Brain

Abstract Objective We completed a case study to investigate whether there are cognitive changes after Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) surgery in the treatment of refractory Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) as an initiation of a quality analysis due to increased referrals for this procedure at our institution. Method We evaluated a 21-year-old male before and after bilateral nucleus accumbens DBS placement for OCD. His pre-operative neurosurgery evaluation and brain imaging were unremarkable. Post-operative imaging revealed stable changes of bilateral DBS lead placement. Pre and post-operative neuropsychological testing included measures of mental status, language, memory, attention, and executive functioning. Results A reliable change estimate was obtained for each test. There was no significant change in performance on the Mini-Mental State Exam, Boston Naming Test, Logical Memory I/II, Faces I, Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) immediate and delayed recall, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64, Trail Making Tests A & B, Letter Fluency, Animal Fluency, and Stroop Color and Word Test (Stroop) color and color-word condition. There was significant decline for all California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition trials (trials 1–5, short delay recall, and long delay recall) and RCFT recognition. There was significant improvement for the Stroop word condition. Conclusions. Given mixed findings, it is unclear the extent to which DBS impacted this patient’s overall cognitive functioning. Meanwhile, he showed improvement in OCD symptoms, to the degree that he could live alone, maintain employment, and independently manage daily activities. There is need for future studies to examine the cognitive effects of DBS for OCD, with larger samples and a control group.

Functional MRI response and correlated electrophysiological changes during posterior hypothalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation

NeuroImage ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin K. Young ◽  
Andrew R. Brown ◽  
Jordan H.B. Robinson ◽  
Ursula I. Tuor ◽  
Jeff F. Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Deep Brain

Apathy in patients with Parkinson’s disease following deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Hindle Fisher ◽  
Hardev S. Pall ◽  
Rosalind D. Mitchell ◽  
Jamilla Kausar ◽  
Andrea E. Cavanna
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stn Dbs ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

ObjectiveApathy has been reported as a possible adverse effect of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS). We investigated the prevalence and severity of apathy in 22 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) who underwent STN-DBS, as well as the effects of apathy on quality of life (QOL).MethodsAll patients were assessed with the Lille Apathy Rating Scale (LARS), the Apathy Scale (AS), and the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire and were compared to a control group of 38 patients on pharmacotherapy alone.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the prevalence or severity of apathy between patients who had undergone STN-DBS and those on pharmacotherapy alone. Significant correlations were observed between poorer QOL and degree of apathy, as measured by the LARS (p<0.001) and the AS (p=0.021). PD-related disability also correlated with both apathy ratings (p<0.001 and p=0.017, respectively).ConclusionOur findings suggest that STN-DBS is not necessarily associated with apathy in the PD population; however, more severe apathy appears to be associated with a higher level of disability due to PD and worse QOL, but no other clinico-demographic characteristics.

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