Induced seizures as therapy for experimental stroke in monkeys

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melville Roberts ◽  
Guy Owens ◽  
Juliet Vilinskas ◽  
David D. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Experimental Stroke ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Seizures were induced in 12 monkeys rendered hemiparetic by middle cerebral artery occlusion. In a control group of five hemiparetic monkeys seizures were not induced. A mass spectrometer was used to monitor regional oxygen tension (pO2), carbon dioxide tension (pCO2) and the partial pressure of argon (pA) within the ischemic brains. Seisure activity resulted in a 74.3% mean increase in pO2 and 16.9% mean decrease in pCO2. The mean argon washout time was decreased 29.1%. The changes were transient and recovery from hemiparesis was no better in the experimental group than in the control group.

Posttraumatic bilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion

1975 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skip Jacques ◽  
C. Hunter Shelden ◽  
D. Thomas Rogers ◽  
Anthony C. Trippi
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors report a case of bilateral posttraumatic middle cerebral artery occlusion. Previously reported unilateral cases are reviewed and possible pathophysiological mechanisms disscussed.

Efficacy of multiple intraarterial papaverine infusions for improvement in cerebral circulation time in patients with recurrent cerebral vasospasm

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Liu ◽  
Michael S. Tenner ◽  
Oren N. Gottfried ◽  
Edwin A. Stevens ◽  
Joshua M. Rosenow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Circulation Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cerebral Circulation Time ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Cerebral vasospasm that is caused by aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and that is refractory to maximal medical management can be treated with selective intraarterial papaverine infusions. The effects of single papaverine treatments on cerebral circulation time are well known. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of multiple, repeated papaverine infusions on the cerebral circulation time in patients with recurrent vasospasm. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted in 17 patients who received multiple intraarterial papaverine infusions in 91 carotid artery (CA) territories for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm. Cerebral circulation times were measured from the first angiographic image, in which peak contrast was seen above the supraclinoid internal CA, to the peak filling of cortical veins. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores assessed 12 months after discharge were reviewed. Cerebral circulation times in 16 CA territories were measured in a control group of 11 patients. Seventeen patients received a total of 91 papaverine treatments. Prolonged cerebral circulation times improved after 90 (99%) of 91 papaverine treatments. The prepapaverine mean cerebral circulation time was 6.54 seconds (range 3.35–27 seconds) and the immediate postpapaverine mean cerebral circulation time was 4.19 seconds (range 2.1–12.6 seconds), an overall mean decrease of 2.35 seconds (36%, p < 0.001). Recurrent vasospasm reflected by prolonged cerebral circulation times continued to improve with subsequent papaverine infusions. Repeated infusions were just as successful quantitatively as the primary treatment (mean change 2.06 seconds). The mean cerebral circulation time in the control group was 5.21 seconds (range 4–6.8 seconds). In five patients a dramatic reversal of low-attenuation changes was detected on computerized tomography scans. The mean GOS score at 12 months after discharge was 3.4. Conclusions. The preliminary results indicate that multiple intraarterial papaverine treatments consistently improve cerebral circulation times, even with repeated infusions in cases of recurrent vasospasm.

Effectiveness of social media for weight reduction on overweight undergraduate students in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Tummatida Pattanapongsa ◽  
Wiroj Jiamjarasrangsi ◽  
Piya Hanvoravongchai ◽  
Dumrongsak Pekthong
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose Addressing overweight in the population is an important public health challenge. Use of social media such as Facebook has been proposed as a platform to deliver weight loss interventions to influence behavior change to tackle obesity. The purpose of this paper is to compare the effectiveness of weight loss education and support interventions delivered through online social media (experimental group) vs conventional method (control group). Design/methodology/approach The six-month experimental study comprised of a four-month intervention and a two-month follow up from May 2016 to October 2016. All faculties in a university were randomly selected into the experimental or control group. Then, undergraduate students (n=66) were randomly recruited from each faculty into the corresponding groups (experimental group=33 and control group=33). Both groups received health education and support services through either Facebook or the offline support system. The mean differences of main outcomes including body mass index (BMI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) between groups at baseline and fourth month and baseline and sixth month were compared using t-test. Findings The results show those in the experimental group had significantly better outcomes in term of BMI and WHtR at the end of four-month intervention with the mean difference (95% CI) at 0.7 (0.1, 1.3) and 0.01 (0.00, 0.01), respectively. The differences at the end of the study, however, became insignificant. Originality/value The health education and support services through Facebook can be used in a weight loss promotion program for BMI and WHtR reduction. On a larger scale to replace conventional programs, a long-term continuous measure is needed.

Results of applying ADCON-L gel after lumbar discectomy: the German ADCON-L study

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Richter ◽  
Erich Kast ◽  
Rainer Tomczak ◽  
Werner Besenfelder ◽  
Wilhelm Gaus
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Failed-back syndrome is still an unsolved problem. Use of ADCON-L gel, already commercially available, has been proven to reduce postoperative scarring in animal experiments. The authors of two controlled clinical studies have also shown positive results when applying the gel. They did not, however, establish patient-oriented endpoints. The authors report a study of ADCON-L in which they focus on patient-oriented endpoints. Methods. Patients with lumbar disc herniation were randomized to an ADCON-L—treated or control group. Therapeutic success was evaluated using the validated Hannover Questionnaire on Activities of Daily Living (FFbH) 6 months after surgery. The study took place between November 14, 1996, and April 20, 1998, in eight neurosurgical centers in Germany. A total of 398 patients was recruited; 41 patients dropped out during follow up. The mean functional FFbH score (100 points = all activities are possible without problem; 0 points = no activity is possible) was 78.5 points in the ADCON-L—treated group compared with 80 points in the control group. Furthermore, in terms of secondary outcome variables, the ADCON-L group did not have an advantage over the control group. Only the mean magnetic resonance imaging score showed a slight advantage of ADCON-L over the control group. Conclusions. The authors found no positive effect of treatment with ADCON-L gel in patients in whom one-level lumbar microdiscectomy was performed. Because of its rather large sample size and its homogeneity, the study had sufficient power to detect even small differences between the two groups.

No additional neuroprotection provided by barbiturate-induced burst suppression under mild hypothermic conditions in rats subjected to reversible focal ischemia

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Westermaier ◽  
Stefan Zausinger ◽  
Alexander Baethmann ◽  
Hans-Jakob Steiger ◽  
Robert Schmid-Elsaesser
Keyword(s):  
Mild Hypothermia ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Burst Suppression ◽  
Moderate Hypothermia ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Mild-to-moderate hypothermia is increasingly used for neuroprotection in humans. However, it is unknown whether administration of barbiturate medications in burst-suppressive doses—the gold standard of neuroprotection during neurovascular procedures—provides an additional protective effect under hypothermic conditions. The authors conducted the present study to answer this question.Methods. Thirty-two Sprague—Dawley rats were subjected to 90 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: 1) normothermic controls; 2) methohexital treatment (burst suppression); 3) induction of mild hypothermia (33°C); and 4) induction of mild hypothermia plus methohexital treatment (burst suppression). Local cerebral blood flow was continuously monitored using bilateral laser Doppler flowmetry and electroencephalography. Functional deficits were quantified and recorded during daily neurological examinations. Infarct volumes were assessed histologically after 7 days. Methohexital treatment, mild hypothermia, and mild hypothermia plus methohexital treatment reduced infarct volumes by 32%, 71%, and 66%, respectively, compared with normothermic controls. Furthermore, mild hypothermia therapy provided the best functional outcome, which was not improved by additional barbiturate therapy.Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that barbiturate-induced burst suppression is not required to achieve maximum neuroprotection under mild hypothermic conditions. The magnitude of protection afforded by barbiturates alone appears to be modest compared with that provided by mild hypothermia.

A comparison of the protective effect of dexamethasone to other potential prophylactic agents in a neonatal rat model of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Chumas ◽  
Marc R. Del Bigio ◽  
James M. Drake ◽  
Ursula I. Tuor
Keyword(s):  
Active Agent ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Neonatal Hypoxia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hypoxia Ischemia ◽  
Fine Print

✓ It has recently been reported that pretreatment with a single dose of dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg) 24 hours before hypoxia in 7-day-old rat pups is protective against an hypoxic-ischemic insult (unilateral carotid artery occlusion followed by 3 hours of hypoxia in 8% O2). The authors now examine whether pretreatment 6 hours before insult is equally effective and compare other agents potentially suitable for prophylaxis in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia, including the calcium antagonists flunarizine (30 mg/kg pretreatment), nimodipine (0.5 mg/kg pretreatment), and the 21-aminosteroid U-74389F (10 mg/kg pre- and posttreatment). For each active agent, there was also a vehicle-treated control group. Comparison of the mean area of ipsilateral infarction on brain coronal sections showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the various control groups (mean area of infarction 66% ± 4%). Pretreatment with dexamethasone 6 hours prior to hypoxia offered complete protection with no infarction. A beneficial effect was seen following pretreatment with flunarizine (mean area of infarction 33.6% ± 7.8%), although this degree of damage was still significantly different from that seen with dexamethasone pretreatment. Pretreatment with nimodipine or U-74389F offered no protection (mean area of infarction 77.5% ± 4% and 59% ± 10%, respectively). Unlike findings in adult animals and clinical studies, the current studies show that dexamethasone may have a role in the treatment of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia and deserves reappraisal.

Indomethacin-mediated improvement following middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats

1985 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 874-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Dempsey ◽  
Mark W. Roy ◽  
Kathleen L. Meyer ◽  
David L. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Opposite Hemisphere ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Focal cerebral ischemia initiates multiple detrimental effects in the brain. Chief among these are the regional development of ischemic edema, decreased local perfusion, altered neuronal function, and eventual infarction. To determine if pretreatment with the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, would result in improvement in these parameters, adult cats were given indomethacin or control solvent (4 mg/kg intraperitoneally twice daily) and were studied for periods up to 24 hours after right middle cerebral artery occlusion. The interaction of anesthetic agents with indomethacin was also examined in separate groups of experimental animals using pentobarbital and ketamine. In cats allowed to recover from pentobarbital anesthesia, indomethacin reduced gray and white matter edema at 6 and 24 hours after occlusion (p < 0.05). This was noted in densely ischemic areas (indomethacin = 84.3%, control = 87.5%), in “penumbra” regions (indomethacin = 82.5%, control = 85.3%), and in nonischemic zones (indomethacin = 81.5%, control = 82.3%) at 24 hours. Somatosensory evoked potential amplitude and central latency were also improved in the indomethacin group (p < 0.05), as was cerebral perfusion (p < 0.05). In animals anesthetized with continuous ketamine administration, cerebral edema and perfusion as well as evoked potentials were not significantly improved in any region by indomethacin. Regional cerebral blood flow in the group was increased by indomethacin in the nonischemic opposite hemisphere (indomethacin = 64.7 cc/100 gm/min, control = 48.5 cc/100 gm/min, p < 0.05), but not in the penumbra region of the ischemic hemisphere (indomethacin = 15.0 cc/100 gm/min, control = 18.6 cc/100 gm/min, p < 0.05), when measured 4 hours after occlusion. This suggested a steal phenomenon. Beneficial effects of indomethacin were evident in the presence of pentobarbital, but not after ketamine anesthesia. This suggests a synergism dependent on decreased arachidonic acid production from pentobarbitalstabilized membranes coupled with diminished production of cyclic endoperoxides from available arachidonate due to inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase with indomethacin.

Acute hemorrhage into pituitary adenoma with SAH and anterior cerebral artery occlusion

1983 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Majchrzak ◽  
Tadeusz Wencel ◽  
Tadeusz Dragan ◽  
Joanna Bialas
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Anterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Acute Hemorrhage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors present the case of a patient with a pituitary tumor, who manifested signs of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SHA) and loss of consciousness. After he had regained consciousness, massive left-sided paralysis was noted. Angiography and computerized tomography showed hemorrhage into the tumor, SAH, and ischemia of the right frontal lobe as a result of occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery. Removal of the tumor 3 weeks after the SAH did not lead to resumption of the anterior cerebral artery blood flow.

Effects of stimulating the cerebellar surface on the activity in penicillin foci

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinrich Bantli ◽  
James R. Bloedel ◽  
Gary Anderson ◽  
Ronald McRoberts ◽  
Eric Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group

✓ The effect of stimulating the cerebellar surface on the activity of acute penicillin foci (20,000 units) was investigated in a statistically designed study. All animals were randomly assigned either to an experimental group in which the dura over the posterior lobe was opened and a bipolar surface electrode placed over the vermis of the anterior lobe, or else to a control group in which only the dura was opened. After surgery, the animals in the experimental group were randomly assigned to a stimulated or an unstimulated group. The cerebellar surface was stimulated at a frequency of 10/sec using capacitatively coupled pulses with peak current densities of 26.0 mA/sq cm and a duration of 0.1 msec. The effectiveness of the stimuli for activating neuronal elements in the cerebellum was evaluated 1) by recording the cerebellar evoked response from the sensorimotor cortex, and 2) by measuring the effect of a conditioning cerebellar stimulus on the percent change in the amplitude of the cortical response evoked by stimulating the receptive fields of the trigeminal nerve. A statistical comparison of the mean number of seizures for successive 10-minute intervals between control and experimental groups indicated that any difference in the means of these parameters occurred by chance with a high probability and did not result from any treatment. The duration of the seizures, however, was significantly affected by stimulation of the cerebellar surface. Further, the total number of seizures and the amplitude of the cerebellar evoked response in the same animal were inversely correlated. Thus, stimuli that evoked large-amplitude responses over the sensorimotor cortex may have produced a decrease in the number of seizures, whereas stimuli that evoked small-amplitude responses may have produced an increase in the total number of seizures with respect to the control group.

Studies of experimental cervical spinal cord transection

1979 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Tibbs ◽  
Byron Young ◽  
R. G. McAllister ◽  
Edward P. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Injured Patient ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cervical Laminectomy ◽  
Cortical Gray Matter ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by the microsphere technique in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs before and after cervical laminectomy in four (control group), or cervical laminectomy followed by cervical cord transection (CCT) at the C-6 level in six (experimental group). No significant differences in arterial pH, pO2 or pCO2 were observed between control and experimental dogs. Baseline values for mean arterial pressure (MAP) were also similar in the two groups, but MAP fell in all experimental dogs after CCT (p < 0.025). At 120 minutes after CCT, three of the six dogs had an MAP > 60 torr (66 ± 4 torr), and in three the MAP was < 50 torr (45 ± 3 torr). Regional CBF in cortical gray matter, white matter, and medulla did not change significantly after CCT in dogs with MAP > 60 torr. The CBF fell significantly at 120 minutes after CCT in all regions sampled in the dogs with MAP < 50 torr (p < 0.025). At 30 and 120 minutes after CCT, cerebellar blood flow fell significantly in all experimental animals (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that, despite hypotension and sympathetic denervation of cerebral vessels, CBF in cortical gray matter, white matter, and medulla is maintained at normal levels after CCT by autoregulation as long as MAP exceeds 60 torr. Decreased cerebellar blood flow in the experimental group suggests redistribution of CBF after CCT with relative preservation of flow to gray matter, white matter, and medulla. Reduced CBF in the acutely cord-injured patient with significant hypotension (MAP < 60 torr) may simulate or complicate coexistent head injury.

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