Vasculature to the germinal matrix in rabbit pups

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin G. Fischer ◽  
Antonio V. Lorenzo ◽  
William J. Landis ◽  
Keasley Welch ◽  
Stephen K. Ofori-Kwakye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Cerebral Vasculature ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Germinal Matrix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vascular Casts ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Brain

✓ The authors report a study of the cerebral vasculature of premature rabbits pertaining to the germinal matrix (GM). A pigmented silicone material (Microfil) was injected into the carotid artery of anesthetized rabbits. Methyl methacrylate vascular casts of a similar group of premature rabbits were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The GM is supplied by arteries from both the basal and convexity surfaces of the brain. Vessels could be identified as arteries or veins by their typical patterns of branching and by the characteristic impressions made on the methyl methacrylate casts by endothelial nuclei. Specific evidence of structural weaknesses in the vasculature, which could be a site of predilection for GM bleeding, was not observed. The similarities in basal ganglia vasculature between premature rabbits and humans justifies using the rabbit model to study vascular aspects of the GM and intraventricular hemorrhage.

The role of intracranial hypotension in neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage

1983 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Scott Conner ◽  
Antonio V. Lorenzo ◽  
Keasley Welch ◽  
Brent Dorval
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Germinal Matrix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Most preterm infants develop transient intracranial hypotension, which reaches its lowest level on the 2nd day of life. This corresponds to the time when most neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) occurs. In order to test the hypothesis that intracranial hypotension may have an etiological role in the development of IVH in premature infants, the authors induced intracranial hypotension in the preterm rabbit by the intraperitoneal injection of glycerol. The rabbit model is well suited for this study because this animal is at risk of developing spontaneous germinal matrix and ventricular hemorrhage. Compared to control littermates, the glycerol-treated animals exhibited a greater than 3.5-fold incidence of germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage.

Spontaneous germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage in prematurely born rabbits

1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio V. Lorenzo ◽  
Keasley Welch ◽  
Scott Conner
Keyword(s):  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Germinal Matrix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vertebral Arteries ◽  
Rete Mirabile ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Carotid And Vertebral Arteries

✓ Spontaneous hemorrhage into the ventricles in premature babies is a major problem, and neither its cause nor its pathogenesis is understood. A model is presented for the study of germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage in the preterm rabbit. This animal is particularly suitable because like the human, 1) the maximal growth of the brain occurs perinatally; 2) there is an abundant germinal matrix near term, and by birth this is substantially reduced; 3) there is no rete mirabile; 4) the blood flow to the brain is via internal carotid and vertebral arteries; 5) the maturation of the lungs is completed just before term; and 6) the rabbit pup can maintain a separate existence from the dam when delivered prematurely. Eight of 64 such animals were found to have developed spontaneous germinal matrix hemorrhage with or without rupture into the ventricles. Several physiological and chemical features characteristic of the premature rabbit are presented. The hemorrhage in the lagomorph might be a paradigm of that in infants, and its study may aid in the understanding of the pathogenesis of the process.

The effect of furosemide on intracranial pressure and hemorrhage in preterm rabbits

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio V. Lorenzo ◽  
Clarence S. Greene ◽  
Gregory W. Hornig ◽  
L. Manuel Zavala ◽  
Keasley Welch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Tissue Pressure ◽  
Germinal Matrix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Muscle Water ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The hypothesis that intracranial hypotension due to excessive postnatal fluid loss places the premature infant at risk for germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) was tested in preterm rabbits delivered at 28 and 29 days of gestation (term 32 days). Furosemide administered to newborn pups induced a diuresis that resulted in a 11% to 22% loss in body weight and a concomitant decline in muscle water (13% to 16%) and sodium (18% to 21%). Paradoxically, no change occurred in the water or electrolyte content of the brain even though cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue pressure, but not blood pressure, declined. These changes were absent in littermates treated with saline. Microscopic examination of brain sections revealed a greater incidence of intracranial hemorrhage, particularly in the germinal matrix and choroid plexus, in furosemide-treated than in saline-treated preterm rabbit pups. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that intracranial hypotension promotes the incidence of GH-IVH in preterm animals.

Familial occurrence of arteriovenous malformation of the brain

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutoshi Yokoyama ◽  
Yoshitaka Asano ◽  
Takatsugu Murakawa ◽  
Mitsuaki Takada ◽  
Takashi Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Familial Incidence ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Familial Cases ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Brain arteriovenous malformations are considered to originate from a congenital maldevelopment of the brain vessels. Although there have been occasional reports suggesting a familial incidence of these lesions, data for only 10 families have been accumulated in the literature. The authors report on six such cases in three families. This high rate of occurrence of familial cases suggests an involvement of genetic factors.

Intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature rabbit pup

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1243-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Coulter ◽  
Tim LaPine ◽  
W. Manford Gooch
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bolus Infusion ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors used the premature rabbit model to examine the pathophysiology of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). They studied the brains of 167 control animals, of 45 animals after a hypertensive insult, of three animals after a bolus infusion of normal saline, and of 10 animals after both insults. In none of the brains was IVH identified. Limited reproducibility may restrict the use of this animal model.

Beagle puppy model of intraventricular hemorrhage

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura R. Ment ◽  
William B. Stewart ◽  
Charles C. Duncan ◽  
Richard Lambrecht
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Germinal Matrix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Neurological Problem ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a major neurological problem of the preterm infant and originates in the germinal matrix tissues of the developing brain. The newborn beagle pup has been demonstrated to provide an excellent model for this neonatal neuropathological condition. By the production of hemorrhagic hypotension followed by relative volume reexpansion, such hemorrhages can be produced in this animal. Carbon-14(14C)-iodoantipyrine was used for measuring the cerebral blood flow in this experimental model and demonstrated that, although the germinal matrix is a relatively low-flow area in the newborn beagle pup, the selective flow to this region increases significantly in animals with IVH.

Congenital hemihypertrophy and abnormalities of the cerebral vasculature

1984 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin G. Fischer ◽  
Roy D. Strand ◽  
Frederic Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Giant Aneurysm ◽  
Capillary Hemangioma ◽  
Cerebral Vasculature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Congenital Hemihypertrophy ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Two patients are described with congenital hemihypertrophy and vascular abnormalities of the brain on the side of the hypertrophy and in the posterior fossa. The abnormalities observed included giant aneurysm, capillary hemangioma, and arteriovenous malformation. Vascular anomalies in the affected limbs are common in congenital hemihypertrophy, and neurological abnormalities and hypertrophy of the brain have been reported. The presence of vascular abnormalities of the brain in this condition may provide an opportunity to further the understanding of the development of cerebrovascular malformations.

Beagle puppy model of intraventricular hemorrhage

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura R. Ment ◽  
William B. Stewart ◽  
Charles C. Duncan ◽  
David T. Scott ◽  
Richard Lambrecht
Keyword(s):  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Germinal Matrix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hemorrhagic Hypotension ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Marked Drop

✓ The newborn beagle puppy has been demonstrated to provide a good model for neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). A study was designed to determine if indomethacin can prevent IVH, and if indomethacin would produce changes in local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU). By computerized random design, newborn beagle puppies were pretreated with either indomethacin (a known inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase) or saline, and then assigned either to receive a hemorrhagic hypotension/volume reexpansion insult or to receive no insult. Pretreatment with indomethacin produced a marked drop in the incidence of IVH as well as significant alterations in the blood pressure responses to the hemorrhagic hypotension/volume reexpansion insult. Carbon-14 autoradiography was used to determine LCGU: no alterations were demonstrated in cerebral metabolism in uninjured pups pretreated with indomethacin compared to saline-pretreated animals. In addition, although the hemorrhagic hypotension/volume reexpansion insult produced marked alterations in LCGU in both groups of traumatized pups, indomethacin prevented the changes in LCGU in the germinal matrix and white matter that were found in the saline-pretreated animals.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebrovascular spasm

1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Petter Eldevik ◽  
Kristian Kristiansen ◽  
Ansgar Torvik
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perfusion Fixation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Artificial subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) produced by injection of autologous blood into the cisterna magna in dogs gave rise to considerable narrowing or spasm of the basilar artery and its branches, including the posterior cerebral arteries, as demonstrated by cerebral angiography. Repeated cisternal injections of blood at various intervals produced more severe spasm than a single injection. After perfusion-fixation of the brain, the cerebral arteries were examined by light and electron microscopy. None of the animals showed abnormalities in the intima or media of the vessel walls. Previously reported findings of morphological changes due to spasm could not be confirmed. Postmortem examination of brain vessels from nine patients with SAH and arterial spasm showed no specific changes that could be ascribed to spasm.

The role of the brain-sparing effect of growth-restricted fetuses in newborn germinal matrix/intraventricular hemorrhage

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Mete Kirlangic ◽  
Erdem Sahin ◽  
Yusuf Madendag ◽  
Merve Vural Yalman ◽  
Esra Akdemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Germinal Matrix ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the brain-sparing effect (BSE) of fetal growth restriction (FGR) in newborn germinal matrix/intraventricular hemorrhage (GM/IVH). Methods A total of 320 patients who delivered prior to the 34th gestational week were analyzed from data records. 201 patients were divided into two groups according to cerebro-placental ratio (CPR): early fetal growth restriction (FGR) with abnormal CPR group (n=104) and appropriate for gestational age with normal Doppler group (control) (n=97). Using the normal middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler as a reference, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between the BSE and the primary outcome. Results The rate of Grade I–II Germinal matrix/intraventricular hemorrhage (GM/IVH) was 31(29.8%) in the group possessing early FGR with abnormal CPR and 7(7.2%) in the control group, showing a statistically significant difference. The rate of grade III–IV GM/IVH was 7(6.7%) in the group possessing early FGR with abnormal CPR and 2 (2.1%) in the control group, showing no statistically significant difference. We found that gestational age at delivery <32 weeks was an independent risk factor for GM/IVH. In addition, we found that other variables such as the presence of preeclampsia, fetal weight percentile <10, emergency CS delivery, 48-h completion after the first steroid administration and 24-h completion rate after MgSO4 administration were not independently associated with the primary outcome. Conclusions Our results indicate that the rate of GM-IVH was increased in the group possessing early FGR with abnormal CPR; however, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BSE was not an independent risk factor for GM/IVH.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document