Regional parenchymal enhancement with mixed cavernous/venous malformations of the brain

1997 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Comey ◽  
Douglas Kondziolka ◽  
Howard Yonas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Venous Hypertension ◽  
Venous Malformations ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth Factor Release ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Parenchymal Enhancement

✓ With improvements in imaging technology, the detection of both cavernous malformations and venous malformations has increased markedly in recent years. Although much has been learned about the association of cavernous and venous malformations, important questions regarding the true nature of such a relationship remain unanswered. It has been proposed that certain venous malformations produce local venous hypertension with resultant microhemorrhage, growth factor release, and creation of cavernous malformations. The authors report on two patients with cerebellopontine venous malformations associated with cavernous malformations. Both patients demonstrated persistent regional parenchymal enhancement associated with the vascular malformations. In addition, both patients had significant clinical symptoms referable to the region of affected brain. This previously undescribed finding may represent an imaging correlate to the complex interaction among venous malformations, venous hypertension, and cavernous malformations.

Association of venous and true arteriovenous malformation: a rare entity among mixed vascular malformations of the brain

1995 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Meyer ◽  
Armin P. Stangl ◽  
Johannes Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Venous Malformation ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Venous Malformations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hemorrhagic Infarction ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cerebrovascular Malformation ◽  
Fine Print

✓ In this article the authors report the case of a mixed cerebrovascular malformation in which a true arteriovenous malformation (AVM), harboring a nidus, is associated with a venous malformation that serves as the draining vein for the nidus. Despite the authors' preoperative rationale for exclusive extirpation of the AVM, an inadvertent injury and the obliteration of the venous malformation generated delayed postoperative neurological deterioration, which could clearly be attributed to venous hemorrhagic infarction. Because this is only the second instance of this type of mixed vascular malformation of the brain reported, which also underscores the concept of nonsurgical treatment of venous malformations, the authors discuss the diverse literature regarding mixed vascular malformations and the treatment of venous malformations.

Aeromedical Implications of Cerebral Cavernomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
Tania Jagathesan ◽  
Michael OBrien
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Cerebral Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Medical Certification ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Brain

BACKGROUND: Cavernomas, cavernous angiomas, or cerebral cavernous malformations are clusters of endothelium-lined blood vessels usually found in the brain. With the increasing use of radiological imaging, these are being detected incidentally in asymptomatic aircrew. The UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) experience of cavernomas is described and the aeromedical concerns, that is, the risk of epilepsy, hemorrhage, and the development of a neurological deficit, are considered.METHODS: A search of the CAA database between 1990 and 2020 was performed for the term cavernoma. The gender, age at diagnosis, class of certification held, clinical presentation, location, and size of the lesion were noted. A PubMed literature review for papers with complications of cavernoma was performed.RESULTS: Six cases of cavernoma have been declared to the CAA: five professional pilots and one private pilot. Five were men and one was a woman. The age range was between 38 and 60 yr, with a mean of 48 yr. Two cases presented with clinical symptoms and four were asymptomatic. Complication rates for seizure and hemorrhage were extracted from the published literature together with the significance of other factors such as cavernoma size, family history, multiplicity, and the development of new lesions.DISCUSSION: A policy for the medical certification of aircrew with cavernomas that have presented with clinical symptoms and those that are detected incidentally is proposed.Jagathesan T, OBrien M. Aeromedical implications of cerebral cavernomas. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(2):120123.

Unique enlarging cavernous malformation secondary to abnormal arteriovenous shunting through an associated developmental venous anomaly

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092110428
Author(s):  
Nimisha Parikh ◽  
Richard Williamson ◽  
Matthew Kulzer ◽  
Albert Sohn ◽  
Warren M Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unusual Case ◽  
Cavernous Malformation ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Venous Hypertension ◽  
Developmental Venous Anomaly ◽  
Venous Anomaly ◽  
Arteriovenous Shunting ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Progressive Growth

Cavernous malformations are angiographically occult vascular malformations. They are often associated with a developmental venous anomaly through poorly understood mechanisms. We present an unusual case of a gradually enlarging cavernous malformation associated with a developmental venous anomaly with arteriovenous shunting, suggesting venous hypertension or reflux as a potential cause of progressive growth.

scholarly journals High Parasite Burdens Cause Liver Damage in Mice following Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infection Independently of CD8+T Cell-Mediated Immune Pathology

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 1882-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraful Haque ◽  
Shannon E. Best ◽  
Fiona H. Amante ◽  
Anne Ammerdorffer ◽  
Fabian de Labastida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Experimental Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Immune Pathology ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTInfection of C57BL/6 mice withPlasmodium bergheiANKA induces a fatal neurological disease commonly referred to as experimental cerebral malaria. The onset of neurological symptoms and mortality depend on pathogenic CD8+T cells and elevated parasite burdens in the brain. Here we provide clear evidence of liver damage in this model, which precedes and is independent of the onset of neurological symptoms. Large numbers of parasite-specific CD8+T cells accumulated in the liver followingP. bergheiANKA infection. However, systemic depletion of these cells at various times during infection, while preventing neurological symptoms, failed to protect against liver damage or ameliorate it once established. In contrast, rapid, drug-mediated removal of parasites prevented hepatic injury if administered early and quickly resolved liver damage if administered after the onset of clinical symptoms. These data indicate that CD8+T cell-mediated immune pathology occurs in the brain but not the liver, while parasite-dependent pathology occurs in both organs duringP. bergheiANKA infection. Therefore, we show thatP. bergheiANKA infection of C57BL/6 mice is a multiorgan disease driven by the accumulation of parasites, which is also characterized by organ-specific CD8+T cell-mediated pathology.

The Juxtaposition of a Capillary Telangiectasia, Cavernous Malformation, and Developmental Venous Anomaly in the Brainstem of a Single Patient: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1246-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Clatterbuck ◽  
İlhan Elmacı ◽  
Daniele Rigamonti
Keyword(s):  
Cavernous Malformation ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Examination ◽  
Developmental Venous Anomaly ◽  
Venous Malformations ◽  
Venous Anomaly ◽  
Single Patient ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Swallowing Problems ◽  
Capillary Telangiectasia

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE Capillary telangiectasias, cavernous malformations, and developmental venous anomalies are all vascular malformations that occur on the capillary-venous side of the cerebral circulation. The associations of capillary telangiectasias with venous malformations, cavernous malformations with venous malformations, and capillary telangiectasias with cavernous malformations have all been described; however, the association of all three lesions in a single patient is extremely rare. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 52 year-old Caucasian woman presented to our clinic with an extended history of confusion, distorted visual perceptions, photophobia, neck pain, swallowing problems, and poor balance. The patient's examination was remarkable for difficulty concentrating, mild rotatory nystagmus, subtle decreased sensation over the left side of the face and body, and brisk reflexes. Review of the patient's magnetic resonance imaging examination demonstrated a cavernous malformation, a capillary telangiectasia, and a developmental venous anomaly located adjacent to one another in the brainstem. INTERVENTION Given the patient's complex constellation of symptoms and relatively mild neurological findings, it was difficult to ascribe any one of them to a specific vascular malformation. Conservative management of this patient's vascular malformations was decided upon. CONCLUSION Juxtaposition of these three different vascular lesions in the brainstem of an otherwise normal individual suggests a relationship among them. Although there are several theories that link similar associations through physiological mechanisms such as venous hypertension, we propose that a developmental event disrupting local capillary-venous pattern formation is a plausible alternative.

Vascular malformations of the brain stem

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Chyatte
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Vascular Malformation ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Complete Obliteration ◽  
Time Of Presentation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Vascular malformations of the brain stem are unusual lesions that may pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Seven patients with vascular malformations involving the brain stem were evaluated; six were treated surgically, with complete obliteration of the lesion in five patients. In five patients symptoms developed only after a hemorrhage had occurred, and three of these suffered a rebleed before appropriate treatment was given. Angiography failed to demonstrate lesions in three cases, which did not appear to protect from repeat hemorrhage since two of the three rebled. There were no operative deaths, and no patients were made permanently worse after surgery. Useful recovery occurred commonly after appropriate treatment and appeared to be possible even in patients who had suffered a catastrophic neurological deficit at the time of presentation. These data indicate that surgical removal of the lesion may be warranted in some patients with symptomatic brain-stem vascular malformation.

Modified classification of spinal cord vascular lesions

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Spetzler ◽  
Paul W. Detwiler ◽  
Howard A. Riina ◽  
Randall W. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Fine Print

The literature on spinal vascular malformations contains a great deal of confusing terminology. Some of the nomenclature is inconsistent with the lesions described. Based on the experience of the senior author (R.F.S.) in the treatment of more than 130 spinal cord vascular lesions and based on a thorough review of the relevant literature, the authors propose a modified classification system for spinal cord vascular lesions. Lesions are divided into three primary or broad categories: neoplasms, aneurysms, and arteriovenous lesions. Neoplastic vascular lesions include hemangioblastomas and cavernous malformations, both of which occur sporadically and familially. The second category consists of spinal aneurysms, which are rare. The third category, spinal cord arteriovenous lesions, is divided into arteriovenous fistulas and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Arteriovenous fistulas are subdivided into those that are extradural and those that are intradural, with intradural lesions categorized as either dorsal or ventral. Arteriovenous malformations are subdivided into extradural-intradural and intradural malformations. Intradural lesions are further divided into intramedullary, intramedullary-extramedullary, and conus medullaris, a new category of AVM. This modified classification system for vascular lesions of the spinal cord, based on pathophysiology, neuroimaging features, intraoperative observations, and neuroanatomy, offers several advantages. First, it includes all surgical vascular lesions that affect the spinal cord. Second, it guides treatment by classifying lesions based on location and pathophysiology. Finally, it eliminates the confusion produced by the multitude of unrelated nomenclatural terms found in the literature.

Appearance of venous malformations on magnetic resonance imaging

1988 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Rigamonti ◽  
Robert F. Spetzler ◽  
Burton P. Drayer ◽  
W. Michel Bojanowski ◽  
John Hodak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Cavernous Malformation ◽  
Venous Malformation ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Venous Malformations ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Venous Angiomas ◽  
The Brain

✓ The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearance of venous malformations, all angiographically verified, was evaluated in 11 patients. A venous malformation is characteristically depicted as a tubular area of decreased signal intensity in the white matter of the brain. In one patient, a histologically verified cavernous malformation was also present with a characteristic mixed signal-intensity core on the T2-weighted MR images. Care should be used when evaluating venous angiomas to exclude the presence of a lesion with associated prominent venous drainage, such as a glioma.

Sparganosis of the brain

1989 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigetaka Anegawa ◽  
Takashi Hayashi ◽  
Katsuyasu Ozuru ◽  
Shinken Kuramoto ◽  
Kenichi Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Case ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Evaluation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Lesions ◽  
Cerebral Sparganosis ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A rare case of cerebral sparganosis occurring in a 7-year-old boy is reported. Since his clinical symptoms fluctuated and diagnostic evaluation demonstrated multiple lesions, he was examined for a parasitic infection. Emphasis is placed on the difficulties involved in diagnosing cerebral sparganosis.

scholarly journals Neurocysticercosis, familial cerebral cavernomas and intracranial calcifications: differential diagnosis for adequate management

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Leandro Gasparetto ◽  
Soniza Alves-Leon ◽  
Flavio Sampaio Domingues ◽  
João Thiago Frossard ◽  
Selva Paraguassu Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cranial Computed Tomography ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Familial Form ◽  
Adequate Management ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is an endemic disease and important public health problem in some areas of the World and epilepsy is the most common neurological manifestation. Multiple intracranial lesions, commonly calcified, are seen on cranial computed tomography (CT) in the chronic phase of the disease and considered one of the diagnostic criteria of the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the test that better depicts the different stages of the intracranial cysts but does not show clearly calcified lesions. Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM), also known as cerebral cavernomas, are frequent vascular malformations of the brain, better demonstrated by MRI and have also epilepsy as the main form of clinical presentation. When occurring in the familial form, cerebral cavernomas typically present with multiple lesions throughout the brain and, very often, with foci of calcifications in the lesions when submitted to the CT imaging. In the countries, and geographic areas, where NCC is established as an endemic health problem and neuroimaging screening is done by CT scan, it will be important to consider the differential diagnosis between the two diseases due to the differences in adequate management.

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