Prevalence of Maternal Anemia in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Nepal

Introduction: Maternal anemia is a common problem in developing countries like Nepal accounting for around 30-50% of women becoming anemic during pregnancy. The present study aims to find out the prevalence of maternal anemia in a tertiary care hospital in Western Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Devdaha Medical College, Bhaluhi, Rupandehi, Nepal from October 2018 to May 2019 after taking ethical approval from the institutional review committee with the approval number: 012/2018. Three eighty three samples were taken and convenient sampling was done to reach the sample size. Data were collected from the study population after taking consent and entered in a predesigned proforma. It was then entered in an SPSS; point estimate at 95% CI was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: During the study period, out of 383 mothers, 230 (60.2%) mothers were anemic at 95% CI (10.6-10.8%); of which 172 (74.8%) were moderately anemic while 58 (25.2%) were mild anemic. The mean maternal Haemoglobin was 9.5±1.76SD. The mean maternal age was 24.24±3.26 SD; mean gestational age at the time of delivery was 36.08±1.77 SD. Conclusions: The prevalence of maternal anemia in this study is found to be higher than the national data which implies that maternal anemia is still a public health issue which needs to be addressed in spite of safe motherhood program launched by the government of Nepal.

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Prevalence of Intermediate Syndrome among Admitted Patients with Organophosphorous Poisoning in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.4569 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (219) ◽

Author(s):

Ananta Uprety ◽

Binod Pantha ◽

Lochan Karki ◽

Suresh Prasad Nepal ◽

Milan Khadka

Keyword(s):

Binary Data ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinical Feature ◽

Point Estimate ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

History Of

Introduction: Organophosphorous poisoning is a common problem prevalent in Nepal. Intermediate syndrome is a common clinical feature seen among the patients those have ingested poison. There is a scarcity of data related to intermediate syndrome and other general complications in patients with organophosphorous poisoning in context of Nepal. This study was carried out to observe the prevalence of intermediate syndrome and the general complications of oraganophosphorus poisoning among admitted patients in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital from April 2008 to June 2009 after ethical approval was from Institiutional Review Board of tertiary care hospital. Forty four patients with history of ingestion of organophosphorus poisoning within 24 hours were included in our study through convenience sampling. Clinical examinations were done to look for Intermediate syndrome. Data was entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences and point estimate at 95% of CI was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 44 patients, features of intermediate syndrome were seen in 40 (90.9%) at 95% of CI (84.2-97.6) patients in the study. The frequency of intermediate syndrome signs like weakness of neck flexion, inability to sit up and swallowing difficulty were seen among the patients. Complications like pneumonia 4 (9.09%), hyponatremia 3 (6.8%), hypokalemia 1 (2.27%) and bradycardia 1 (2.27%) were seen in the study. Mortality seen in the study was 2 (4.5%) among the admitted patients. Conclusions: Prevalence of intermediate syndrome was higher compared to other studies done in similar settings. Complications like pneumonia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia and bradycardia were seen among the patients.

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Prevalence of Laryngomalacia among Young Children Presenting with Stridor in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.5244 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (230) ◽

Author(s):

Apar Pokharel

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Binary Data ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Point Estimate ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio

Introduction: Laryngomalacia is one of the most common causes of stridor in young children. It can be a serious concern to both parents and caregivers. The main objective of this study is to find the prevalence of laryngomalacia among young children presenting with stridor in a tertiary care hospital in central Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out form 1st December 2017 to 1st May 2020 in children less than two years of age in a tertiary care hospital. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of the hospital (reference number: 2020/23). Convenient sampling was done. Detailed demography, clinical examination, and video laryngoscopy findings were evaluated to find the prevalence of laryngomalacia among all children with stridor. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 430 participants who presented with stridor, the laryngomalacia was found in 234 (66%) (58.7-74.07) cases at a 95% confidence interval. The male: female ratio was 1.7:1. Most children, 192 (67.6%), presented with a milder form of laryngomalacia. The most common type was a mixed type of laryngomalacia in 159 (56%). Sleep-disordered breathing was seen in 113 (39.79%) of children diagnosed with laryngomalacia. Conclusions: Our study concluded that laryngomalacia was the most common cause of stridor in children less than two years of age. However, in most cases, the problem is not serious and a regular follow-up with weight monitoring is warranted.

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Prevalence of Sinew String in patients coming to a tertiary care hospital of Nepal: A descriptive cross-sectional study

Journal of Nepalese Prosthodontic Society ◽

10.3126/jnprossoc.v3i1.34757 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 16-20

Author(s):

P Shrestha ◽

K Shrestha ◽

L Acharya ◽

S Shakya

Keyword(s):

Binary Data ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Point Estimate ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Social ◽

Study Population

Introduction: Sinew strings are frenum or wrinkle like entity of mandibular distal buccal mucosa which is frequently encountered in the population. Sinew strings play an important role in determining the width and buccal extension of the denture flange of mandibular complete denture. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from 17th June 2020 to 20th September 2020. Convenient sampling (n=245) was done. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Data analysis was done in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Results: Among the study population (n=245 participants), sinew string was seen in 35% of the participants. The frequency of sinew string present bilaterally was 19% while it was present unilaterally in 16% of the population. Conclusions: The presence of sinew string in the sampled Nepalese population showed a higher prevalence than previous studies.

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Mean Auricular Index of the External Ear in Medical Students of a Medical College in Nepal

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.4636 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (219) ◽

Author(s):

Niraj Pandey ◽

Sudikshya KC ◽

Chandan Sintakala

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Binary Data ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Point Estimate ◽

Care Hospital ◽

External Ear ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Introduction: The human ear is divided into external, middle and internal ear. The auricle helps in the clinical diagnosis of congenital anomalies and syndromes. The aim of this study is to determine the mean auricular index from the right and left ears, mean measurements of left and right ear and sex-related dimensions of the ear. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in medical students studying at a tertiary care hospital during the period of 1st April 2019 to 20th May 2019 after ethical clearance from the institutional review committee. Simple random sampling was done. Data were collected, entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 and point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of total measurements done, we found the mean auricular index was found to be for right ear 51.75±4.51mm and for left ear 54.0996±4.95682mm at 95% CI (51.75-52.37) and (53.42654.766) respectively. The mean ear length, mean ear breadth, mean lobular length and mean lobular breadth were 57.62±5.03mm, 29.72±2.79mm, 19.32±2.60mm and 20.89±3.06mm on the right side and 57.89±4.89mm, 31.21±2.95mm, 19.38±2.55mm and 21.25±2.81mm on the left side respectively. Conclusions: The mean auricular index of the external ear of medical students was within the normal range as compared to the other studies conducted.

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Prevalence of Dyspnea among Patients Attending the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.4582 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (219) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anmol Purna Shrestha ◽

Roshana Shrestha ◽

Sanu Krishna Shrestha ◽

Alok Pradhan ◽

Samjhana Basnet

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Binary Data ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Point Estimate ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: Dyspnea is a common presenting complaint in the emergency department worldwide and a diagnostic challenge for emergency physicians. Our study aims to find the prevalence of dyspnea among patients attending emergency department in our hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency department of Dhulikhel hospital from May 2019 to July 2019 after ethical approval from the institutional review committee. Total 1200 samples were collected by consecutive sampling method. All patients were triaged in the emergency department as a part of regular protocol. The participants were included in the study after obtaining an informed consent from the patient or caretaker (if the patient were not able to provide it). Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. The statistical analysis was done using R version 3.5.3 (2019-03-11). Results: The prevalence of dyspnea among patients attending emergency department of a tertiary care hospital was 107 (8.9%) (4.6%-13.2%) at 95% confidence interval. The patients triaged into red, orange and yellow categories were 14 (13.1%), 50 (46.7%) and 43 (40.2%) respectively. Median age was 64 years and 74 (69%) were ≥60 years. Sixty-seven (62.6%) were females and 40 (37.4%) were males. Forty-four (41.1%) arrived by ambulance. Most commonly associated symptoms were cough and fever 59 (51.1%) and 44 (41.1%) respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of dyspnea among patients attending emergency department of our hospital is higher compared to that of other studies. This warrants structured and prompt management of dyspnea for quality improvement.

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Mean Evan's Index among Patients with Normal Computed Tomography Scan visiting Radiology Department in a Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.7006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 59 (240) ◽

Author(s):

Sagar Koirala ◽

Prity Agrawal ◽

Suresh Bishokarma ◽

Pratyush Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Radiology Department ◽

Point Estimate ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Evan's index is useful to objectively see if ventricles size is abnormal especially in borderline cases of hydrocephalus. Studying ventricular size in CT scan is essential in every pathology of the brain. Use of objective parameters to define hydrocephalus helps us not only to diagnose a case but also follow up the case following treatment. The aim of this study was to find out the mean even index among patients visiting the department of radiology of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from 1st january 2020 to 31st December 2020. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of Upendra Devkota Memorial Neurological and Allied Sciences (reference number: 116/2021). Computed tomography scans were done for various reasons in the hospital over a one year period and reported normal by the radiologists were included in the study. Convenient sampling was done. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with mean and standard deviation for continuous data. Results: In this study, among the 216 cases, the mean Evan’s index was found to be 0.20±0.04. Conclusions: The mean evan’s index in our study population was lower than the normal cut-off value.

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Early experience of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery for Renal stone: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.4819 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (227) ◽

Author(s):

Robin Joshi

Keyword(s):

Binary Data ◽

Renal Stone ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Point Estimate ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Retrograde intrarenal surgery with improving skill and knowledge may be consideredone of the first-line treatment options for removal of renal stones. The study is done to find theoutcome of retrograde intrarenal surgery in patients with renal stone. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out on patients undergoingretrograde intrarenal surgery for renal stone at a tertiary care hospital December 2019 to March2020. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional review committee (Ref. no.200120202).The Convenient sampling method was applied. Data was collected and analyzed in StatisticalPackage for the Social Sciences version 20.0. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval wascalculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of the 28 patients, the retrograde intrarenal surgery was successful in 27 (96.4%)cases. There were 16 (57.15%) females and 12 (42.86%) male patients with the mean age of37.86±11.47 years. Most of the stones were in renal pelvis 18 (64.28%) followed by lowercalyx 8 (28.57%). The mean diameter of the stone was 11.47 ±3.33mm whereas most ofthe stones were on the right side 16 (57.15%). The mean hardness was 1155.21±265.34Hounsfield units. Perioperative complications like failed access sheath placement in 2 (7.14%)cases, hematuria in 6 (21.43%) cases, fever in 6 (21.43%) cases, and septicemia in 4 (14.28%)cases. Conclusions: We found that the success rate of retrograde intrarenal surgery for the renal stonewas acceptable and similar to other published studies . Retrograde intrarenal surgery is feasiblefor the treatment of kidney stones with acceptable complications and success rates.

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Gender-wise Comparative Assessment of Lifestyle Patterns and Well-being Status among Healthcare Employees at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women WINCARS ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1727578 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vanajakshamma Velam ◽

Vyshnavi Kancherla ◽

Latheef Kasala ◽

Anusha Kancherla ◽

Mounica Reddy Pillaram

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Well Being ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Female Employees ◽

The Mean ◽

Lifestyle Patterns ◽

Comprehensive Study

Abstract Background This study was an attempt to assess and compare the gender-wise lifestyle patterns and well-being status among the employees of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Material and Methods This is a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study conducted at a tertiary care hospital between May and August 2019. A total of 777 employees belonging to both genders (male and female) and working at different professional levels were assessed. All the enrolled employees were subjected to a comprehensive study tool consisting of various dimensions of their health, which included physical, mental, social, spiritual and intellectual health dimensions. Results Among the participants, 327 (42.1%) were male and 450 (57.9%) were female. There was no significant difference in the mean age of male (37.91 ± 7.52) and female (36.85 ± 8.16) employees (p = 0.07). A significantly higher proportion of diabetes and hypertension were seen in male employees (9.8% and 14.4%, respectively) than in female (5.6% and 6.2% respectively). The overall well-being was better in male employees than in females and was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). We found that male employees had statistically significant better well-being in terms of physical, mental and social health whereas female employees had intellectual health. Conclusion The overall well-being in healthcare staff was good at our tertiary care hospital, and the outstanding/good well-being rate was higher in male employees than in female employees. Female employees experienced risks with regard to their physical health.

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Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria among blood donors at tertiary care hospital blood bank

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.1344 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Hira Qadir ◽

Nadia Nasir ◽

Shaheen Kouser ◽

Huma Mansoori ◽

Nida Qadir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Blood Bank ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Disease Markers ◽

The Mean

Abstract Objective:To ascertain the frequency of markers of transfusion-transmitted infections. among blood donors in a blood bank at a tertiary care hospital Material and Methods:The study was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study, covering from 1stJanuary 2013- October 2018 and was conducted in the blood bank section, in the Department of Pathology at Dow University of HealthSciences, Hospital. All blood donors were screened for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV (I & II), syphilis through electrochemiluminescence and malaria (immunochromatography).Data was entered and subsequently analyzed by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. The frequency of infectious disease markers (HbsAg, Anti HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria) was calculated among blood donors. Results:The total number of donors in our study was 29732, out of which 2587 donors were positive for an infectious disease.Out of the total donors, 29712 were male and 20 were female. There were 12 volunteer donors and 29720 exchange donors. The mean prevalence of donors with positive infectious markers was as follows; Anti HCV was 3 %, HbsAg was 2.9%, Syphilis was 2.0%, HIV was 0.5% and Malaria was 0.02 %. Conclusion:HbsAg and Anti HCV were the most frequent infections (3%) found in our blood donors, followed by syphilis with a frequency of 2%. Keywords: Blood transfusion, transfusion-transmitted infections, blood donors.

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Prevalence of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Neonates in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Nepal

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.4295 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (216) ◽

Author(s):

Anita Lamichhane ◽

Aparna Mishra

Keyword(s):

Sample Size ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Late Onset ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Point Estimate ◽

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a serious problem which needs to be addressed for a better outcome of the ventilated babies. The present study is undertaken to find out the prevalence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonates in a tertiary care hospital in western Nepal.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in the western region of Nepal from March 2016 to February 2019 after approval from the Institutional review committee. Sample size was calculated and convenience sampling was done to reach the sample size. Data were collected from hospital records and entered in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.Results: Out of 95 patients ventilated in neonatal intensive care unit in the last 3 years, 23 (24.01%) developed ventilator-associated pneumonia. Prevalence of ventilator-associated pneumonia is 23 (24.01%) at 95% (14%-34%). Late onset ventilator associated pneumonia was seen in 15 (15.78%) while early onset ventilator associated pneumonia was seen in 8 (8.42%). Conclusions: Prevalence of ventilator associated pneumonia in neonates in tertiary care hospital is high compared to other studies conducted in neonates.

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