scholarly journals THE PRINCIPLE OF THE CREATION OF KRIPTOVALJUTY BASED ON ELLIPTIC CURVES AND FACETS OF PROMOTION BITKOINA

Author(s):  
S. B. Savchuk ◽  
T. A. Shiltsova ◽  
V. A. Khinko

The article deals with the question of the creation and popularization of kriptovaljuty from a mathematical point of view. In particular it is a question of bitcoin, which is the most known kind of cryptocurrency today. This theme is important enough at present as in a society there is a demand for the decentralised alternative instrument of payment which irrespective of the state and on sense reminds system of the gold standard with the limited offer of currency. In the presented work the basic accent is made not only on occurrence history of bitcoin, but also on an action mathematical apparatus of cryptosystem. The elliptic curves are considered as the main tool of cryptography which is base at working out bitcoin. One of the basic properties of the given curves, and also a principle of their application are resulted at creation cryptocurrency. Mathematical formulas of calculation of a public key from a private key, process mining of bitcoins and their exchange for the goods and services are specified. The purposes of creation of specialised electronic stock exchanges on which bitcoins began to be on sale for the basic world currencies are described. The main reasons of use of the elliptic curves taken as a principle of work cryptosystem are allocated.

1939 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. V. Sutherland

Mr. M. P. Charlesworth's Raleigh Lecture, ‘The Virtues of a Roman Emperor: Propaganda and the Creation of Belief,’ serves admirably to illuminate a new aspect of the history of the Roman Empire, in which the debt of pure history to numismatics (and notably to the work of Mr. Mattingly in the British Museum Catalogues) will be plain. From the numismatic point of view there is, indeed, one curious omission in Mr. Charlesworth's argument; and attempts to make good the omission have opened up a series of speculations which are here discussed.


2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Kateřina Dobrovolná

Saint John’s Museum in Nepomuk, which is dedicated to the Saint of the same name (who was a local native), was reopened in March 2015. It’s original name was the Museum of St. John’s and other religious monuments and the museum was founded in 1930 by Father Jan Strnad. The institution was subsequently closed in the mid-20th Century. The study cursorily reveals the history of the Museum and the overall history and architecture of the building, where the Museum is located and its present status and particularly the reconstruction and the equipment of the Museum’s interior from the point of view of the Museum’s employees, specifically in regard to any problematical display cases. Three semistructured interviews were conducted with people who had contributed to the Museum in varying degrees, focused on the reconstruction of the Museum. This critical study can be of service not only to the Museum staff but also for other professionals from this area during the reconstruction of exhibitions or the creation of new ones.


1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana H. Kovalenko ◽  
Raisa P. Havryliuk

In the period of creation of electronic catalogue in V. Sukhomlynsky state pedagogical science library of Ukraine the question of conducting of authoritative file of titles of collective author is actual. The given article is devoted to the history of sources of authoritative control, technology of creation of authoritative file «Collective author» and also to the problems which arise up during the creation and conducting of the file.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Sergey R. Futo ◽  

The article describes the history of the creation of the Federal Law “On the Police”, the mechanism of its development, as well as the content of the main stages of its discussion and adoption. It seems that this article may be interesting from the point of view of understanding not only the content of the main provisions of the Law on the Police, but also the conditions in which they arose, the reasons for using certain formulations, and the preservation of certain provisions of the previous legislation.


2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 385-404
Author(s):  
Katalin Kroó

The paper raises the theoretical question of the cultural mediational nature of literary intertexts from the point of view of generic and transformational dynamics. The intertextual complex as mediational operator is examined at two levels – (1) in the context of cultural diachrony by observing how the literary work establishes its place in the history of literature closely connected to the metapoiesis of the text; (2) at various kinds of intratextual interlevel movements regulating the evolution of a whole intertextual system within the work. Differentiating the ontological, generative and transformational conceptualization of intertextual poetics, an attempt is made to define the basic textual modes of the pretext, the intext and the intertext by describing their functionality in the building of an intersemiotic literary system. The relevant functions are grasped by shedding light upon the types of the sign of which the given signifying structures consist (here a terminological clarification and re-evaluation are added) and their textual semantics in terms of referential and relational quality (cf. the different versions of referential and relational semantics). In the first place, however, the paper aims at outlining the structure and content of the generic-transformational semiotic processes in which the dynamic aspects of intertextual semiosis are revealed. Within this framework, the processuality of the development of the intertextual signifying structure is elucidated, shown as a chain of reciprocal sign activities resulting in constantly evolving semantic shifts within the intra- and intertextual semiosis processes, all relying on mediational operations. Text examples are taken from and references made to works by A. S. Pushkin, I. S. Turgenev, F. M. Dostoevsky and J. M. Coetzee.


space&FORM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (44) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Alina Holovatiuk ◽  

This article deals with the notion of meme from the general, web and architectural point of view. The history of the creation and the process of further transformation of the term meme, which gradually penetrated from the initial genetic environment into the environment of media and technologies, is described. The disagreements are mentioned both in the interpretation of the concept of a meme and in the definition of a meme as a certain useful or harmful element of culture. By comparing the Internet meme and its main properties with the architectural meme, the characteristics of the last one are indicated.


Author(s):  
Diana Aksinenko ◽  
◽  
Elena Bogatyreva ◽  

The article tells us about chamber opera "Poor Liza" by L. Desyatnikov, which is based on the novel by N. Karamzin. Also a brief description of the composer's works is given. The history of the creation and releases of the "Poor Lisa" is reviewed. The typical features of the chamber opera genre are revealed. The genre specifics of the work are analyzed from the dramatical point of view with the help of a comparative analysis (textual) of the literary source and the text of the libretto.


Author(s):  
V. M. Shevchuk

The article studies the creation and development of the criminalistic category of a «tactical operation». The genesis of tactical operations is investigated along two avenues: theoretical (as a scientific category within criminalistics) and practical (as a means ofpractical functioning of investigation bodies). The article provides its analysis of tactical operations with regard to determining factors that influenced the creation and development of this criminalistic category. It investigates into the problems of determining stages in the tactical operations development history and their formation as a scientific criminalistic category as well as a comprehensive tactical tool of practical application in criminal proceedings. The emergence, formation and introduction of arrays of investigation actions, operation and search measures, tactical operations in the forensic and investigation practices are closely connected with the establishment of criminalistics as an independent area of knowledge. Research into the history of emergence and formation as well as the present state and perspectives for the development of tactical operations is necessary to form the concepts of this criminalistic category, determine its nature, essence, theoretical significance and practical application. The article concludes with suggesting perspective areas for further scientific research into the given problems.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-145
Author(s):  
Irina A. Kiseleva ◽  
Ksenia A. Potashova

<p>The article focuses on the analysis of the poetic genesis of Lermontov&rsquo;s poem &ldquo;The Dream&rdquo; (1841) that manifests itself in the author&rsquo;s corrections in the rough copy and in the clean one. There was carried out a reconstruction of the poet&rsquo;s creative process, of his work on the contexture and the creation of a completed artistic image. The article presents the transcription of the poem&rsquo;s rough and clean copies including alterations and symbols of the manuscript. It has been proved that while the first versions in the main text identify three dreams, the final version keeps only two of them. In the course of his work on the text the poet chooses not to introduce the image of a dream into the first poem, but makes it clear that everything is happening in the dream only by means of the title. This technique increases the reality of the given image. In the analysis of the poem&rsquo;s dynamic poetics a special emphasis is made on the registration of the landscape details changes due to which the poet conveys his perception of the natural world and his place in it as a&nbsp;body and soul creature. The narrator&rsquo;s feelings of desolation and abandonment in the natural world get worse from the rough copy to the clean one, and at the same time grows his anxiety for the unanimity with his mistress who, as the hero himself, has a spiritual sight. The capacity of the characters for empathy and the experience of bodily death assert the poet&rsquo;s faith in the immortality of the soul.</p>


Author(s):  
Vlatko Vedral

Every civilization in the history of humanity has had its myth of creation. Humans have a deeply rooted and seemingly insatiable desire to understand not only their own origins but also the origins of other things around them. Most if not all of the myths since the dawn of man involve some kind of higher or supernatural beings which are intimately related to the existence and functioning of all things in the Universe. Modern man still holds a multitude of different views of the ultimate origin of the Universe, though a couple of the most well represented religions, Christianity and Islam, maintain that there was a single creator responsible for all that we see around us. It is a predominant belief in Catholicism, accounting for about one-sixth of humanity, that the Creator achieved full creation of the Universe out of nothing – a belief that goes under the name of creation ex nihilo. (To be fair, not all Catholics believe this, but they ought to if they follow the Pope.) Postulating a supernatural being does not really help explain reality since then we only displace the question of the origins of reality to explaining the existence of the supernatural being. To this no religion offers any real answers. If you think that scientists might have a vastly more insightful understanding of the origin of the Universe compared to that of major religions, then you’d better think again. Admittedly, most scientists are probably atheists (interestingly, more than 95% in the United Kingdom) but this does not necessarily mean that they do not hold some kind of a belief about what the Creation was like and where all this stuff around us comes from. The point is that, under all the postulates and axioms, if you dig far enough, you’ll find that they are as stumped as anyone else. So, from the point of view of explaining why there is a reality and where it ultimately comes from, being religious or not makes absolutely no difference – we all end up with the same tricky question. Every time I read a book on the religious or philosophical outlook of the world I cannot help but recognize many ideas in there as related to some ideas that we have in science.


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