The legitimization of temple attendants and the liturgical traditions of the Second Temple period in the History of the Chronicler on the example of 1 Par. 23-25

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-38
Author(s):  
Андрей Выдрин
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
King David ◽  
Jerusalem Temple ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Age Of Entry

В статье исследуется повествование книг Паралипоменон об учреждении царем Давидом порядка храмового ритуала (1 Пар. 23-25). Автор показывает, что, согласно мировоззрению Летописца, Иерусалимский Храм и его богослужение занимали важнейшее место в жизни древнего Израиля. Однако в послепленную эпоху в результате развития социальных и религиозных учреждений появились различные обычаи, относящиеся к служению священников и левитов, которые не соответствовали законам Пятикнижия, поэтому сознавалась острая необходимость установления преемственной связи с эпохой дарования Закона. Таким образом, Летописец легитимирует двадцать четыре священнические группы, а также гильдии храмовых певцов-музыкантов, существовавших в его время. Кроме того, писатель изменяет возраст вступления левитов на их служение при Храме. Для этой цели он по-своему интерпретирует отдельные предписания Пятикнижия, в частности сочетая ссылки на традицию и на закон в лице Аарона, а также отождествляя пророческую заповедь Давида с законами Моисея. The article explores the information given in the books of Chronicles concerning the establishment of the order of temple worship by King David (1 Chron. 23-25). The A. shows that, according to the Chronicler’s worldview, the Jerusalem Temple and its divine service occupied an important place in the life of ancient Israel. However, in the aftermath of the epoch, as a result of the development of social and religious institutions, there appeared various customs related to the ministry of priests and Levites, which did not comply with the laws of the Pentateuch, therefore, there was an urgent need to establish a continuity with the era of the Law. Thus, the Chronicler legitimizes the twenty-four priestly groups, as well as the guilds of temple singers and musicians that existed in his time. In addition, the writer changes the age of entry of the Levites to their ministry at the Temple. For this purpose, he interprets in his own way the separate prescriptions of the Pentateuch combining references to tradition and the law in the person of Aaron, as well as identifying the prophetic commandments of David with the laws of Moses.

scholarly journals ‘Die pen is magtiger as die swaard’: Oor skrifgeletterdheid, skrifgeleerdes en Israel se Tweede Tempeltydperk

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerda De Villiers
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Near East ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
General Part ◽  
The Law

‘The pen is mightier than the sword’: Literacy and scribes in Israel during the Second Temple period. This article is divided in two parts. Part one examines scribal education and scribes in the ancient Near East and Israel. Although no real evidence exists for scribal schools and education in Israel, it is argued that some form of institutionalised training must have taken place in order to produce literary texts of such a high quality as are found in the Hebrew Bible. Comparative material from Mesopotamia serves to trace the education of scribes in general. Part two focuses on the Second Temple period in ancient Israel. Ezra the scribe emerges as a typical scribe from that era. Post-exilic Israel was grappling with its identity, and sought guidance from ַ [as was written in the Torah]. However, it appears that there were different interpretations of the written Law during this period. Scribes of the Ezra circle advocated a radical policy of exclusivity on the basis of what was written in the Law; others who wrote the texts of Trito-Isaiah and Ruth pleaded for a more inclusive attitude towards foreigners. The conclusion is that the battle was fought not with the sword, but with the pen, therefore: ‘The pen is mightier than the sword.’

scholarly journals David as the New Moses in Theology of the Books of Paralipomenon

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
Андрей Выдрин
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
King David ◽  
Jerusalem Temple ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
The Future ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Temple

Данная статья посвящена одной из значимых богословских концепций Книг Паралипоменон - образу царя Давида как нового Моисея. Цель статьи - выявить характерные особенности, свидетельствующие о развитии данной богословской идеи. Для этого автор рассматривает несколько эпизодов из повествования Летописца. К таким эпизодам относятся: родословные израильских колен (1 Пар. 2-9); перенесение и установление Давидом Ковчега в Иерусалиме (см. 1 Пар. 13; 15-16); перепись Давида, результатом которой становится определение места для будущего Храма (см. 1 Пар. 21); жертвоприношение Соломона в Гаваоне (2 Пар. 1), имеющее непосредственное отношение к последующему возведению Соломоном Храма (2 Пар. 2-7). Эти фрагменты свидетельствуют о том, что всё повествование Летописца о царствовании Давида и Соломона сосредоточено на процессе учреждения нового богослужебного строя Древнего Израиля, апогеем которого становится строительство Храма в Иерусалиме. Вдохновителем, организатором и устроителем представлен царь Давид. Автор публикации приходит к следующему заключению: для Летописца Давид является истинным основателем нового богослужебного строя Древнего Израиля, который стал прямым наследником древних религиозных традиций эпохи Моисея. Давид свободно изменяет и дополняет многочисленные предписания Моисея, и все последующие цари, начиная с Соломона, поддерживают и регулируют все храмовые службы согласно предписаниям Давида. Кроме того, проводя параллели между сооружением Шатра Встречи и строительством Иерусалимского Храма, Летописец усиливает преемственную связь между Древним Израилем и поколениями свидетелей строительства Второго Храма. This article is devoted to one of the important theological concepts of the books Paralipomenon - the image of king David as the new Moses. The purpose of the article is to identify the characteristic features that indicate the development of this theological idea. For this purpose the author considers several episodes from the Chronicler's narration. These episodes include: the genealogies of the Israeli tribes (1 Chr. 2-9); David's transference and establishment of the Ark in Jerusalem (1 Chr. 13:15-16); David's census, which results in the determination of the place for the future Temple (1 Chr. 21); Solomon's sacrifice at Gibeon (2 Chr. 1), which is directly related to the subsequent construction of the Temple by Solomon (2 Chr. 2-7). These fragments show that the whole story of the Chronicler about the reign of David and Solomon is focused on the process of establishing a new cult system of Ancient Israel, the apogee of which is the construction of the Temple in Jerusalem. The inspirer and the organizer represented by King David. The author of the publication comes to the following conclusion: for the Chronicler David is the true founder of the new cult system of Ancient Israel, which became the direct heir to the ancient cult traditions of the era of Moses. David freely modifies and supplements the many precepts of Moses, and all subsequent kings, beginning with Solomon, maintain and regulate all temple services according to the precepts of David. In addition, drawing parallels between the construction of the Tent of Meeting and the construction of the Jerusalem Temple, the Chronicler strengthens the continuity between Ancient Israel and the generations of witnesses of the construction of the second temple.

scholarly journals Old and New Discussions Regarding Authorship and Dating Psalm 118

2020 ◽  
pp. 186-208
Author(s):  
Ириней (Пиковский)
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Wisdom Literature ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
King David ◽  
Jerusalem Temple ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Psalm 118

В данной статье поднимается вопрос авторства и датировки псалма 118 (119 по еврейской традиции). Несмотря на то, что некоторые экзегеты Древней Церкви относили данный псалом к царю Давиду, большинство исследователей настоящего времени придерживаются более поздней датировки. Основанием для этого, как правило, служит близость данного псалма к литературе мудрости периода Второго Храма. При исследовании литургических особенностей 118 псалма в статье выдвигается гипотеза, что псалом исполнялся за богослужением в Иерусалимском храме и был не «учебником для Соломона», а поэтическим восхвалением Бога через созерцание мудрости в Его законе, словах, делах, путях, уставах и откровениях. Особенности древнееврейской лексики позволяют исследователю сделать вывод, что текст 118 псалма является вторичным по отношению к более ранним псалмам эпохи Давида. В то же время он написан в духе Давида и появился раньше основного корпуса литературы мудрости периода Второго Храма. This article raises the issue of authorship and dating of Psalm 119 (118 by Septuagint). Despite the fact that some exegetes of the Ancient Church attributed this psalm to King David, most scholars of the present time adhere to a later date. Quite often this assumption based on the proximity of this psalm to the wisdom literature of the Second Temple period. In the study of the liturgical features of 119 psalm, the author of this article hypothesizes that the psalm was performed during worship in the Jerusalem Temple and was not a «textbook for Solomon», but a poetic praise of God through contemplation of wisdom in His law, words, deeds, ways, charters and revelations. The peculiarities of the Hebrew vocabulary allow the researcher to conclude that the text of psalm 119 is secondary to the earlier psalms of the David era. At the same time, it was written in the David's style and spirit and came into existance before the main part of the wisdom literature of the Bible.

A Short History of the People Israel from the Patriarchs to the Messiah

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-207
Author(s):  
Beth A. Berkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Sexual Practice ◽  
Short History ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
Political Status ◽  
Leviticus Rabbah ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of

This article addresses recent arguments that question whether “Judaism,” as such, existed in antiquity or whether the Jewishness of the Second Temple period should be characterized in primarily ethnic terms. At stake is the question of whether it is appropriate to speak of Judaism as an abstract system or religion in this early period. An appeal to the under-used collections of Midrash Aggadah provides the context for new insights, focused around a pericope in Leviticus Rabbah that is preoccupied with this very question. This parashah goes well beyond the ethnicity/ religion binary, producing instead a rich variety of paradigms of Jewish identity that include moral probity, physical appearance, relationship to God, ritual life, political status, economics, demographics, and sexual practice.

Fellowship, Pharisees and the common people in early Rabbinic tradition

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 339-356
Author(s):  
Tracy Ames
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Rabbinic Literature ◽  
Common People ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
The Common

This paper explores the phenomenon of non-priestly purity within the ancient Jewish purity system and examines passages in Tannaitic literature that refer to p'rushim (Pharisees), haverim and ne'e-manim, all of whom have been associated with practising non-priestly purity laws during the Second Temple period. The 'am ha-aretz, people accused of non-compliance with ritual purity, are also a focus of the paper. An analysis of the terms p'rushim, haverim, ne'emanim and 'am ha-aretz reveals that variant meanings have been attached to these categories in different passages of rabbinic literature and that the terms are fluid and resist classification. The findings of this paper challenge some of the prevailing theories that attempt to explain the phenomenon of non-priestly purity in ancient Israel.

Jewish Identity and the Intercommunal Links between Diaspora Jewish Communities in the Second Temple Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Identity ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Jerusalem Temple ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple

Abstract Many diaspora communities identify not only with a distant homeland but also with others distant from the homeland. How exactly do these intercommunal connections take place and contribute toward a shared identity? What specific aspects of diasporan identity are created or strengthened? What practices are involved? This study will begin to answer these questions through investigating two practices which were widespread among diaspora Jewish communities during the last two centuries of the Second Temple period (1st cent. B.C.E.–1st cent. C.E.). First, we will show how sending offerings and making pilgrimages to the Jerusalem temple from these communities enabled regular intercommunal contact. Then, we will suggest some ways in which these voluntary practices reinforced a cohesive Jewish identity and the importance of the homeland, especially the city of Jerusalem and the temple, for many diaspora Jews, whether they lived in Alexandria, Rome, Asia Minor, or Babylonia.

Flavius Josephus

2019 ◽  
pp. 281-298
Author(s):  
Michael Tuval
Keyword(s):  
Jewish History ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Russian Version ◽  
Manuscript Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Greek Manuscript

The works of first century CE Jewish historian Flavius Josephus constitute our main source for the study of Jewish history of the Second Temple period. In this chapter, we briefly discuss Josephus’ career and his four compositions, as well as the condition of the Greek manuscript tradition of his works. The chapter also deals with the Latin translations of Josephus, a late antique Christian adaptation of mainly Judean War in Latin, known as Hegesippus, and the remnants of Judean War in Syriac. Next comes Josippon, a medieval Hebrew adaptation of Josephus and some other sources, and finally the much-discussed Slavonic, or Old Russian, version of the Judean War.

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