scholarly journals Old and New Discussions Regarding Authorship and Dating Psalm 118

2020 ◽  
pp. 186-208
Author(s):  
Ириней (Пиковский)
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Wisdom Literature ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
King David ◽  
Jerusalem Temple ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Psalm 118

В данной статье поднимается вопрос авторства и датировки псалма 118 (119 по еврейской традиции). Несмотря на то, что некоторые экзегеты Древней Церкви относили данный псалом к царю Давиду, большинство исследователей настоящего времени придерживаются более поздней датировки. Основанием для этого, как правило, служит близость данного псалма к литературе мудрости периода Второго Храма. При исследовании литургических особенностей 118 псалма в статье выдвигается гипотеза, что псалом исполнялся за богослужением в Иерусалимском храме и был не «учебником для Соломона», а поэтическим восхвалением Бога через созерцание мудрости в Его законе, словах, делах, путях, уставах и откровениях. Особенности древнееврейской лексики позволяют исследователю сделать вывод, что текст 118 псалма является вторичным по отношению к более ранним псалмам эпохи Давида. В то же время он написан в духе Давида и появился раньше основного корпуса литературы мудрости периода Второго Храма. This article raises the issue of authorship and dating of Psalm 119 (118 by Septuagint). Despite the fact that some exegetes of the Ancient Church attributed this psalm to King David, most scholars of the present time adhere to a later date. Quite often this assumption based on the proximity of this psalm to the wisdom literature of the Second Temple period. In the study of the liturgical features of 119 psalm, the author of this article hypothesizes that the psalm was performed during worship in the Jerusalem Temple and was not a «textbook for Solomon», but a poetic praise of God through contemplation of wisdom in His law, words, deeds, ways, charters and revelations. The peculiarities of the Hebrew vocabulary allow the researcher to conclude that the text of psalm 119 is secondary to the earlier psalms of the David era. At the same time, it was written in the David's style and spirit and came into existance before the main part of the wisdom literature of the Bible.

The legitimization of temple attendants and the liturgical traditions of the Second Temple period in the History of the Chronicler on the example of 1 Par. 23-25

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-38
Author(s):  
Андрей Выдрин
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
King David ◽  
Jerusalem Temple ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Age Of Entry

В статье исследуется повествование книг Паралипоменон об учреждении царем Давидом порядка храмового ритуала (1 Пар. 23-25). Автор показывает, что, согласно мировоззрению Летописца, Иерусалимский Храм и его богослужение занимали важнейшее место в жизни древнего Израиля. Однако в послепленную эпоху в результате развития социальных и религиозных учреждений появились различные обычаи, относящиеся к служению священников и левитов, которые не соответствовали законам Пятикнижия, поэтому сознавалась острая необходимость установления преемственной связи с эпохой дарования Закона. Таким образом, Летописец легитимирует двадцать четыре священнические группы, а также гильдии храмовых певцов-музыкантов, существовавших в его время. Кроме того, писатель изменяет возраст вступления левитов на их служение при Храме. Для этой цели он по-своему интерпретирует отдельные предписания Пятикнижия, в частности сочетая ссылки на традицию и на закон в лице Аарона, а также отождествляя пророческую заповедь Давида с законами Моисея. The article explores the information given in the books of Chronicles concerning the establishment of the order of temple worship by King David (1 Chron. 23-25). The A. shows that, according to the Chronicler’s worldview, the Jerusalem Temple and its divine service occupied an important place in the life of ancient Israel. However, in the aftermath of the epoch, as a result of the development of social and religious institutions, there appeared various customs related to the ministry of priests and Levites, which did not comply with the laws of the Pentateuch, therefore, there was an urgent need to establish a continuity with the era of the Law. Thus, the Chronicler legitimizes the twenty-four priestly groups, as well as the guilds of temple singers and musicians that existed in his time. In addition, the writer changes the age of entry of the Levites to their ministry at the Temple. For this purpose, he interprets in his own way the separate prescriptions of the Pentateuch combining references to tradition and the law in the person of Aaron, as well as identifying the prophetic commandments of David with the laws of Moses.

Jewish Identity and the Intercommunal Links between Diaspora Jewish Communities in the Second Temple Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Identity ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Jerusalem Temple ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple

Abstract Many diaspora communities identify not only with a distant homeland but also with others distant from the homeland. How exactly do these intercommunal connections take place and contribute toward a shared identity? What specific aspects of diasporan identity are created or strengthened? What practices are involved? This study will begin to answer these questions through investigating two practices which were widespread among diaspora Jewish communities during the last two centuries of the Second Temple period (1st cent. B.C.E.–1st cent. C.E.). First, we will show how sending offerings and making pilgrimages to the Jerusalem temple from these communities enabled regular intercommunal contact. Then, we will suggest some ways in which these voluntary practices reinforced a cohesive Jewish identity and the importance of the homeland, especially the city of Jerusalem and the temple, for many diaspora Jews, whether they lived in Alexandria, Rome, Asia Minor, or Babylonia.

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Wisdom Literature ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Cultural Traits

“The Deuteronomic entity called ‘Israel’ is not coterminous with Judah or its population,” writes Carly Crouch.1 The problem was not that some Judahites lived outside of Judah, but that some of the native population did not conform to Deuteronomic ideals. From the beginning, the Torah of Moses was an attempt to mold Judean identity in a particular way. There had been Judahites before Deuteronomy was composed, identified as such by their place of residence and political loyalty, and also by shared cultural traits including the (not necessarily exclusive) veneration of the God of the land, YHWH. There would still be Judeans well into the Second Temple period who did not define themselves by reference to the Torah (as seen in the earlier wisdom literature), and some even (in the case of Elephantine) who may not have been aware of its existence. Eventually, however, the composite Torah, which combined Deuteronomic and Priestly traditions, would come to be the dominant expression of Judean identity....

Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Religious Institution ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Jerusalem Temple ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

For all Jews in this period, in both diaspora and homeland, the Jerusalem Temple was the central religious institution. The wide dispersal of Jews prevented many from regular participation in Temple worship, but no religious Jew seem to have ignored the significance of the sacrificial and other offerings in Jerusalem. The second pillar of common Judaism was the Torah. It was during these centuries that the biblical text took a form resembling that of the present day and acquired something close to its later authority. Most of the debate about the relation of Jews to the surrounding culture has concentrated on the Hellenization of Judaism. The motivation of Christian scholars for investigating the relationship of Judaism and Hellenism has naturally been very different and more concerned with the origins of ideas found in the early Church.

Psalms

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Breck Reid ◽  
Rebecca Poe Hays
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Social ◽  
Literary Composition ◽  
Form Criticism

The location of a book in the canon gives the reader clues to the genre and interpretation of the book. The Jewish canon places the poetry of the book of Psalms as the introduction to the division of the bible known as the Ketubim (writings). The Christian canon(s) place the Psalter between Job and Proverbs, accenting the Psalms’ place among the wisdom texts. Scholarly consensus understands the Psalter as a collection of collections of sung poetic prayers that range over a wide period of authorship, provenance, and redaction. Associated with ongoing worship in Israel, most psalms were continually reapplied to new situations. The earliest psalms antedate the period when Israel and Judah were ruled by an indigenous king, the monarchy (1030–583 bce), and the latest are from the period defined by the cultural and political hegemony of Greece, the Hellenistic period (323–63 bce). The book of Psalms functioned as the prayer book of the second temple period (521 bce–66 ce) and the repository of poetic instruction. The first audience of the completed book is the emerging population of what was then the Persian province of Yehud during this period. Prior to the rise of form criticism in the early 20th century, scholarship focused on the Psalms as expressions of individual religious poets, much as Keats, Dickinson, or Countee Cullen. Form criticism, shaped by the work of Herman Gunkel, focused on the social location of the various literary genres in the cult, but this approach still viewed the Psalter as assemblage or medley without structure or order. During the mid-20th century a focus emerged with an interest in the “shape and shaping” of the Psalter. The rise of postmodernity has led some to pursue post-Gunkel approaches to the book of Psalms that attend to matters such as the poetic language and the relationship to other ancient Near Eastern poetry and imagery. While many scholars still utilize form-critical language to discuss the Psalter, they tend to examine each psalm as a distinct literary composition and product of Israel’s religious tradition rather than forcing them into specific genres and corresponding life settings.

Sealing the Demons, Once and For All: The Ring of Solomon, the Cross of Christ, and the Power of Biblical Kingship

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-130
Author(s):  
Raʿanan Boustan ◽  
Michael Beshay
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Jewish Tradition ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Jerusalem Temple ◽  
The Third ◽  
Signet Ring ◽  
Cross Of Christ ◽  
The Cross

Abstract This paper traces the historical development of the tradition that King Solomon made use of a signet-ring to marshal the demons as a labor-force for the construction of the Jerusalem Temple and analyzes the shifting ritual uses to which this tradition was put.We argue that this tradition, which is most fully articulated in the Testament of Solomon, is a Christian innovation of the third and fourth centuries rather than a venerable Jewish tradition with roots in the Second Temple period. This branch of the Solomon tradition first emerged within the context of internal Christian debates of the third century concerning proper baptismal practice, where the power of baptism to provide protection from the demons was linked to debates concerning the efficacy of Solomon’s act of sealing the demons in the temple. In the post-Constantinian period, the ring of Solomon was venerated by pilgrims to Jerusalem as a “relic” of Israelite kingship alongside the True Cross. Like certain strands of the Testament of Solomon literature, the pilgrimage practices performed at this potent site figure Christ’s victory on the cross as the fulfillment-once and for all-of Solomon’s only provisional mastery over the demons. In this context, Solomon’s ring gave concrete expression to Christian claims on the Old Testament past, while also mediating between imperial and ecclesiastical power.

The Origins of the Seder and Haggadah

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-134
Author(s):  
Joshua Kulp
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Rabbinic Literature ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Jerusalem Temple ◽  
Rabbinic Judaism ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Last Supper ◽  
Death Of Jesus ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Temple

Emerging methods in the study of rabbinic literature now enable greater precision in dating the individual components of the Passover seder and haggadah. These approaches, both textual and socio-historical, have led to a near consensus among scholars that the Passover seder as described in rabbinic literature did not yet exist during the Second Temple period. Hence, cautious scholars no longer seek to find direct parallels between the last supper as described in the Gospels and the rabbinic seder. Rather, scholarly attention has focused on varying attempts of Jewish parties, notably rabbis and Christians, to provide religious meaning and sanctity to the Passover celebration after the death of Jesus and the destruction of the Temple. Three main forces stimulated the rabbis to develop innovative seder ritual and to generate new, relevant exegeses to the biblical Passover texts: (1) the twin calamities of the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple and the Bar-Kokhba revolt; (2) competition with emerging Christian groups; (3) assimilation of Greco-Roman customs and manners. These forces were, of course, significant contributors to the rise of a much larger array of rabbinic institutions, ideas and texts. Thus surveying scholarship on the seder reviews scholarship on the emergence of rabbinic Judaism.

scholarly journals Deuteronomy in the Second Temple period: Law and its developing interpretation

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Paganini
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Ethical Life ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The People

A fulfilled ethical life is a desire that in Israel is closely integrated with the observance of laws and legal instructions. The specific way, in which this aspect is concretised, is not the fundamental aspect for the biblical authors. In Pentateuch there are in fact a lot of legal codes. In prophetical writings these are often called into question and in the Second Temple period there are also attempts to correct biblical legislation, which are not in our biblical canon like the qumranic Temple Scroll. The differences between legal codes in the Bible and in the writings of the Second Temple period are above all witnesses that it is possible to correct, to interpret, to actualise and to rewrite laws, which remains authoritative for the people or for a part of it.

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