scholarly journals ICONIC AND SYMBOLIC ASPECT IN TRADEMARKS OF THE LATE 19th AND EARLY 20th CENTURIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Kolisnyk ◽  
Solomiia Ohanesian
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Symbolic Language ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Textile Mill ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
Machinery Plant ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
A Company ◽  
Realistic Images

The purpose of the study is to identify the possibilities of visual symbolism in the creation of a company image using a logo in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Research Methodology. The historical, historical-comparative, analytical methods were used to conduct the research; art history methods — formal, figurative-stylistic, semantic analysis — were used to identify the figurative and symbolic language of the company’s logos late 19th – early 20th centuries. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the works of foreign and national scientists of the 20th century, the symbol and mark are characterised as means of expressing the phenomenon essence, and the existing classifications of symbols are considered. The logos used in the late 19th – early 20th centuries in the world practice and on the Ukraine territory are analysed. The example of the Prudential Financial insurance company (the USA) shows that the use of a symbolic element remained unchanged in the process of its changes during 1860–1996. On the example of the trademarks of Ukrainian enterprises — the Ernst Mehlhose Agricultural Machinery Plant (1874–1923), the F. V. Alsop in Kharkiv enterprise, Luhansk Textile Mill (1904–2001), Kyiv Contract Fair (1797–1930) — the methods of visual identification are considered, the artistic means are determined; the comparative analysis is carried out. It is established that the image of the rock in the structure of the American company logo is a symbol of strength and security and appeals to its main characteristics. It is determined that in the means of visual identification of Ukrainian enterprises of the late 19th – early 20th centuries, there is a tendency to express clearly the company specialisation through realistic images of architectural buildings that belonged to them or produced products, as well as ordinary names with moderate artistic design.

scholarly journals Optimal Dividend and Capital Injection Problem with Transaction Cost and Salvage Value: The Case of Excess-of-Loss Reinsurance Based on the Symmetry of Risk Information

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyou Yan ◽  
Le Yang ◽  
Tomas Baležentis ◽  
Dalia Streimikiene ◽  
Chao Qin
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Risk Information ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy ◽  
Ruin Time ◽  
Discounted Cost ◽  
Capital Injection ◽  
Surplus Process ◽  
Optimal Dividend ◽  
A Company

This paper considers the optimal dividend and capital injection problem for an insurance company, which controls the risk exposure by both the excess-of-loss reinsurance and capital injection based on the symmetry of risk information. Besides the proportional transaction cost, we also incorporate the fixed transaction cost incurred by capital injection and the salvage value of a company at the ruin time in order to make the surplus process more realistic. The main goal is to maximize the expected sum of the discounted salvage value and the discounted cumulative dividends except for the discounted cost of capital injection until the ruin time. By considering whether there is capital injection in the surplus process, we construct two instances of suboptimal models and then solve for the corresponding solution in each model. Lastly, we consider the optimal control strategy for the general model without any restriction on the capital injection or the surplus process.

scholarly journals The influence of the traditions of eastern art on the painting of Michael Guyda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Min
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Deep Penetration ◽  
Chinese Painting ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unique Experience ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Historical Comparative

The purpose of the article. To analyze the work of Ukrainian painter Mykhailo Huida in the context of cultural integrations of China and Ukraine in the last decades of the XX - beginning of the XXI century. as an expression of trends in contemporary art. Methodology. General scientific research methods, chronological and historical-comparative, historical-biographical, figurative-stylistic, semantic, analysis are applied. Theoretical and art terminological structures are used. The scientific novelty lies in elucidating the peculiarities of Mykhailo Huida's work and the formation of the meaningful, compositional, stylistic and aesthetic beginnings of his painting in the context of cultural integrations of China and Ukraine in the last decades of the XX - early XXI centuries. Conclusions. The peculiarities of the creative path of the Ukrainian painter Mykhailo Huida, his unique experience of work in China, which became the basis for the creation of the artist's personal artistic style, are analyzed. The study of works of art by Mikhail Guida revealed the consistent formation of features and peculiarities of his painting over the decades as a result of: a) acquaintance with the art of the East in Japan; b) stay in China, including among Chinese cultural and artistic figures; c) study the history of culture and art of China; d) deep penetration into the world of China through understanding of its nature, customs, traditions due to travel, stay in different provinces of the country, teaching in Chinese universities. The figurative and artistic content of his works reveals an innovative combination of European, including Ukrainian, and Chinese stylistics, artistic means and various linguistic methods of traditional Chinese painting. It is also important for the artist to comprehend the semantic foundations of Chinese traditional and modern art, which turned out to be in agreement with Mikhail Guidi as a person. It was found that the imagery of Mikhail Guida's painting has an internal form that embodies the image in the general structure of the subject-spiritual world. It is concluded that the involvement of the traditions of Chinese and Ukrainian art in a single work involves a philosophical understanding of the artistic heritage of both countries and their transformation into modern forms. The artist's creative path, discovering the techniques of painting in the East, enriched and elevated his work to exceptionally high standards.

Developing Risk Skills: An Investigation of Business Risks and Controls at Prudential Insurance Company of America

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Walker ◽  
William G. Shenkir ◽  
C. Stephen Hunn
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Control Environment ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Special Committee ◽  
Business Professionals ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Assurance Services ◽  
A Company

The Prudential Insurance Company was involved in the largest life insurance churning scam of the 1980s and early 1990s. At the time, Prudential had weak business controls, and its corporate culture was characterized as ineffective and loose. However, this scandal is rooted in something deeper than a poor control environment. Prudential was a company facing several risks; many company decisions allowed these risks to have a dramatic impact on the company. As a result, its weak control environment came to the forefront, allowing the churning scam to reach its record levels. This case demonstrates the value of identifying and assessing risks in an organization. Further, the case demonstrates how to build control solutions to match the risks. Learning how to manage risks is a valuable skill for business professionals. In fact, the AICPA's Special Committee on Assurance Services (AICPA 1997), also known as the Elliott Committee, identified risk assessment as one of the emerging assurance services offered by CPAs.

Life

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-32
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wiggins
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Company Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Company ◽  
History Of Race

Chapter 1 focuses on the early history of race-based insurance. When the Newark-based Prudential Insurance Company of America incorporated in 1875, it revolutionized the American insurance industry by offering policies to the working class for an affordable three cents per week. What made the Prudential doubly unique was that the company insured not simply industrial laborers, but also African American laborers. The company was not in the progressive vanguard, though. Rather, the Northern upstart, in contrast to its Southern competitors, simply had not thought to craft a company policy to explicitly ban African Americans from purchasing life insurance. Just five years after becoming the first insurer to cover black lives, the Prudential began to charge differential, race-based premiums and commenced a public relations effort to defend its discriminatory practices. This foundational chapter traces how the theoretical work of scientific racism became embedded in the business practices of American insurers.

Forward-backward translation and cross-cultural validation of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale among Tigrigna-speaking Eritrean refugees

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-176
Author(s):  
Mulubrhan F. Mogos ◽  
Jason W. Beckstead ◽  
Mary E. Evans ◽  
Kevin E. Kip ◽  
Roger A. Boothroyd
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale is a widely used instrument for studying depression in the general population. It has been translated into several languages. Cross-cultural relevance of the construct of depression and cultural equivalence of the CES-D items used to measure it are crucial for international research on depression. Given the increasing number of refugees from Eritrea entering the USA and Europe, there is a need among health care researchers and providers for an instrument to assess depressive symptoms in the native language of this vulnerable population. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The study employed forward–backward translation and assessed the CES-D scale for cross-cultural research and depression screening among Tigrigna-speaking Eritrean refugees. Forward–backward translation, cognitive interview and semantic analysis were conducted to ensure equivalence of comprehension of the items and instructions between Tigrigna- and English-speaking samples. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the measurement invariance of the translated version. Findings Translation efforts were successful as reflected by the results of semantic analysis and pilot testing. Evidence supporting the measurement invariance of data collected using the Tigrigna version of the CES-D was obtained from a sample of 253 Eritrean refugees in the USA. Practical implications The findings of this study provide support for reliability and validity of data collected using the Tigrigna version of the CES-D scale. This important tool for assessing depression symptoms among Eritrean refugees is now available for health care providers and researchers working with this vulnerable population. Originality/value This work is an original work of the authors and it has not been published previously.

scholarly journals Competency profiles for lean professionals – an international perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Kregel ◽  
Nadine Ogonek ◽  
Benjamin Matthies
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Depth Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Project Management Competency ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
And Training

Purpose Requirements for business improvement professionals depend on different job characteristics. By focussing on lean management, the purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to provide a comprehensive conceptualisation of competencies relevant for lean professionals by comparing them to an existing project management competency framework; and second, to identify their similarities and differences in three different analysed countries. Design/methodology/approach This paper investigates 2,701 online published job advertisements in the USA, UK and Germany by means of a content analysis to compare and contrast the respective job profiles. Findings Main findings are similarities and differences in the specification and perception of lean professional’s roles among the three countries. Strikingly, four out of eight considered competency categories comprise 74 per cent of the profiles’ most relevant keywords. Additionally, with the help of a latent semantic analysis, 16 specific competencies can be summarised in a lean professional’s competency taxonomy. Research limitations/implications The collected data only represent a snapshot of lean professionals’ advertisements. Also, text mining results from job profiles could largely differ from other techniques like recruiter interviews or company surveys. Further research could use different methods or combine them to construct a more complete model. Practical implications Lean education and training as well as the respective candidate selection processes can benefit from these studies’ results. Originality/value Requirements and job contents for lean professionals have not been empirically researched on a comparable in-depth level before, even though their expertise is in high demand in any kind of business sector.

scholarly journals Diffusion approximations in collective risk theory

1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Donald Iglehart
Keyword(s):  
Large Deviations ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Risk Theory ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Diffusion Approximations ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Insurance Policies ◽  
Collective Risk ◽  
A Company ◽  
Random Times

Collective risk theory is concerned with the random fluctations of the total assets, the risk reserve, of an insurance company. Consider a company which only writes ordinary insurance policies such as accident, disability, fire, health, and whole life. The policyholders pay premiums regularly and at certain random times make claims to the company. A policyholder's premium, the gross risk premium, is a positive amount composed of two components. The net risk premium is the component calculated to cover the payments of claims on the average, while the security risk premium, or safety loading, is the component which protects the company from large deviations of claims from the average and also allows an accumulation of capital. When a claim occurs the company pays the policyholder a positive amount called the positive risk sum.

Nigeria: Economy, Finance and the Role of the Stockbroker

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-274
Author(s):  
Nuruddeen A. Abdullahi ◽  
Alan Wakelam
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Oil Boom ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Company

The first part deals with the financial background to the economy. The switch from an agricultural economy to one where, since 1974, oil has taken centre stage, has been dramatic. A country traumatised by civil war has left deep scars, as a result the oil boom of the 1970’s was not taken full advantage of—wastage and misallocation of revenues were characteristic of the 1970’s and 80’s. Despite this, there has been some improvement in the infrastructure as a result of public spending. The second part looks at the role of the stockbroker. As professional advisors, stockbrokers are expected to have a good understanding of the financial market. Sadly the advice that some gave to private investors was not always sound. A particular example was when a third of the sample advised their clients to borrow money for share purchase at a time when interest rates were particularly high. It is interesting to note that in spite of their strong support for deregulation of the stock market, the majority (74.1%) expressed satisfaction with the Nigerian Securities and Exchange Commission (NSEC). The authors expected the financial press to be the most important source of financial information, instead company reports took first place, possibly reflecting a lack of confidence in press reporting. 62% of the stockbrokers were ignorant of the fact that a company may declare profit even when its cashflow position is in deficit, and 22% had the misconception that listed companies were always profitable. Unlike the UK and the USA there is yet to emerge a market risk service, hence the stockbrokers have to rely on their own perceptions of market risk, and the results show that

scholarly journals Diffusion approximations in collective risk theory

1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Donald Iglehart
Keyword(s):  
Large Deviations ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Risk Theory ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Diffusion Approximations ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Insurance Policies ◽  
Collective Risk ◽  
A Company ◽  
Random Times

Collective risk theory is concerned with the random fluctations of the total assets, the risk reserve, of an insurance company. Consider a company which only writes ordinary insurance policies such as accident, disability, fire, health, and whole life. The policyholders pay premiums regularly and at certain random times make claims to the company. A policyholder's premium, the gross risk premium, is a positive amount composed of two components. The net risk premium is the component calculated to cover the payments of claims on the average, while the security risk premium, or safety loading, is the component which protects the company from large deviations of claims from the average and also allows an accumulation of capital. When a claim occurs the company pays the policyholder a positive amount called the positive risk sum.

scholarly journals EFL Learners’ Comprehension of Scalar Emotion Verbs

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Ismail Saka
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Linear Scale ◽  
Lexical Resources ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Lexical Databases ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Scalar Properties

This study investigated EFL learners’ comprehension of scalar properties of three types of emotion verbs, namely, fear type, liking and disliking emotion verbs and compare their performance with instructors and native speakers of English. The participants were 38 non-native pre-service teachers from ELT department at a state university in Turkey, 11 ELT instructors at different universities and 10 native speakers from the USA and the UK. The data were collected through a scale construction task according to participants’ judgements on scalar emotion verbs in terms of their relative order on a linear scale. The results revealed that in terms of constructing consistent scales with with previously determined scales in literatutre, pre-service teachers performed poorly for fear-type and disliking emotion verbs, they were partly successful in constructing consistent scales for liking verbs. It was also found that similarly instructors performed poorly in constructing scales for fear-type and disliking verbs, but they were better than pre-service teachers. They were also successful in constructing scales for liking verbs. Native speakers were successful in fear-type and liking verbs; however, like non-native participants, they performed poorly in constructing consistent scales for disliking verbs. This means that there may be cross-cultural differences among participants’ judgement of emotion verbs on a linear scale in terms of their intensity. This study may provide valuable information for the studies on lexical resources (e.g., VerbNet, WordNet etc.) Previous studies (e.g. Fellbaum & Mathieu,2014; Sheinman, & Tokunaga, 2009) show a way to represent the scalar properties of emotion verbs in WordNet, and other possible extensions to additional verb families can cause a more subtle semantic analysis of emotion verbs in lexical databases with potential benefits for automatic inferencing, language pedagogy and translation. This study may contribute to semantic analysis of emotion verbs in lexical databases. It may also provide some implications for students, language teachers, and policy makers in terms of vocabulary learning and teaching.

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