Regeneration process in natural uneven-aged Caspian beech forests of Iran (reviewed paper)

2005 ◽  
Vol 156 (12) ◽  
pp. 477-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khosro Sagheb-Talebi ◽  
Bahram Delfan Abazari ◽  
Manuchehr Namiranian
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Oriental Beech

Regeneration process was studied within twentytwo gaps produced from natural falling of trees in a semivirgin mixed forest of oriental beech in Iran. The area of the openings varied between 163 m2 and 1683 m2, caused by falling of 1 to 6 trees. Natural regeneration depended on the gap size, and was established within the openings with different compositions.

scholarly journals Effects of gap size on natural regeneration and micro-environmental soil conditions in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) dominated mixed forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 607-615
Author(s):  
Maame Esi Hammond ◽  
Radek Pokorný
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

The study focused on the effects of gap size on natural regeneration of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and micro-environmental soil conditions in gaps of different sizes under temperate mixed forest in the Czech Republic. Six gaps comprising two for small (≥ 200 m<sup>2</sup>), medium (≥ 500 m<sup>2</sup>) and big (≥ 900 m<sup>2</sup>) each were selected. Ten circular 1 m<sup>2</sup> subsampling plots were established at 2 m intervals along individual North-South-East-West transects, including one at the gap centre. Regeneration was monitored in 2014 and repeatedly in 2019. Soil conditions were only measured in 2019. Gap size was found to be a significant parameter for European beech natural regeneration in 2014. Besides, the quick occupation of European beech in gaps at natural beech zone provoked its prolific regeneration compared to Norway spruce in 2014. However, in 2019 the recent threat of weather variabilities was responsible for the general abysmal growth performance of natural regeneration. Division of gap microsites into different within-gap positions based on prevailing light or shade conditions was helpful in assessing the significant variations of soil conditions within-gap positions and among gap sizes. Soil temperature and moisture significantly influenced the regeneration of European beech and Norway spruce, respectively.  

scholarly journals Gap characteristics under oriental beech forest development stages in Kelardasht forests, northern Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parhizkar Pejman ◽  
Hassani Majid ◽  
Hallaj Mohammad Hossein Sadeghzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Beech Forest ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Oriental Beech ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gap Characteristics ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Diameter Classes

This study was carried out to evaluate gap characteristics and gapmakers for different development stages of an oriental beech forest in northern Iran. Development stages of 1 ha square-shaped mosaic patches were identified using 100 × 100 m sampling grid and all gaps within these mosaics were recorded. Gap areas were calculated and classified into four classes and gapmakers were counted and classified into 4 decay and 4 diameter classes as well. Results showed that gaps comprised 13.7, 9.1 and 17.6% of the study area in initial, optimal and decay stages, respectively. There was a significant difference between development stages with respect to gap size and the highest amount was observed in decay stage. Medium-sized gaps were the most frequent in all three stages. Frequency distribution of gapmakers varied among development stages. Our findings revealed that 200–500 m<sup>2</sup> is the most preferable gap size for close-to-nature silvicultural approaches in Hyrcanian beech forests. To achieve this gap size 1–2 trees should be marked for harvesting operations.

Natural regeneration of beech forests in Serbia

2012 ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Vlado Čokeša ◽  
Miloš Koprivica ◽  
Snežana Stajić ◽  
Zoran Miletić ◽  
Bratislav Matović
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Young Growth

Natural regeneration of beech forests has been studied in eleven high beech stands in Serbia. The stands are very heterogeneous and predominantly uneven-aged in terms of structure, owing to which group-shelterwood felling was recommended as a means of regeneration. The regeneration process is unmethodical, while the number and quality of young growth are unsatisfactory. The optimum canopy closure for a successful beech regeneration is from 0.6 to 0.7. If canopy closure is higher, a spontaneously occurred young growth will die out, while in case it is lower than the optimum value, weed infestation occurs.

scholarly journals Effect of gap size on tree species diversity of natural regeneration – case study from Masaryk Training Forest Enterprise Křtiny

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 407-419
Author(s):  
Maame Esi Hammond ◽  
Radek Pokorny ◽  
Lumír Dobrovolný ◽  
Michal Friedl ◽  
Nina Hiitola
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Essential Property ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Forest Gaps ◽  
Significant Difference

Forest gaps remain the optimal forest management practice in modern forestry. Upon all the physical properties of forest gaps, the ‘gap size’ feature stands out as an essential property. The effect of gap size on tree species composition and diversity of natural regeneration in forest gaps of different sizes was investigated. Eight research forest gaps were selected from the Training Forest School Enterprise, also called Masaryk Forest in Křtiny, a temperate mixed forest in the Czech Republic. By given gap sizes, small (&lt; 700 m<sup>2</sup>) and large gaps (≥ 700 m<sup>2</sup>) were defined. Forty-one (41) regeneration microsites (RSs) of 1 m<sup>2</sup> circular area at 2 m intervals were demarcated within each forest gap. These RSs served as data collection points. From the total of eleven (11) species enumerated, large gaps obtained higher species composition (10) and diversity (Simpson = 0.5 1-D; Shannon = 1.0 H and Pielou’s evenness = 0.5 J indices) records, yet, small gaps presented favourable conditions for prolific natural regeneration significantly. Light-adapted species demonstrated no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) between small and large gaps, however, intermediate and shade-tolerant species were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in small gaps. There were progressive declines in height growth of natural regeneration from 0–20 cm to 21–50 cm and 51+ cm in small and large gaps at R<sup>2 </sup>= 99% and 88%, respectively. <br /> The development of herbaceous vegetation in small and large gaps had positive and negative effects on the natural regeneration of Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba species, respectively.

scholarly journals Distribution attributes of natural canopy gaps in the Hyrcanian mixed-oriental beech forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 367-375
Author(s):  
Asadollah Mataji ◽  
Ali Asghar Vahedi
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Canopy Gaps ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Oriental Beech

One of the most important issues indicating the quality and quantity of forest ecosystems is the distribution of natural disturbances resulting in canopy gaps (CGs). The present study was conducted in one of the Hyrcanian beech forests in northern Iran in summer 2018. The gap areas were classified into small (&lt; 200 m<sup>2</sup>), medium (200‒500 m<sup>2</sup>) and large gaps (500–1 000 m<sup>2</sup>) on the basis of full inventory. The univariate Ripley’s L-function was used for introducing the CG spatial pattern. Furthermore, mark correlation function (MCF) and density function (DC) in turns were used for verifying the correlation and frequency of CG size classes in each pattern. The results showed patterns of the gaps in each size class and integrated by the three size classes, they were random and cluster, respectively. Furthermore, the MCF revealed that the gap size classes were independently located in the clusters. The total frequency of the small, medium and large gaps in turns was 32, 49 and 19%, respectively. Although the density share of medium and small gaps in turns was more frequent than the large gap density in the study forest, the results of DC indicated that the frequency of each gap size class was random within each cluster, regardless of their density share. Based on the natural gap aggregations, the base circular mosaic with an area of 5 000 m<sup>2</sup> can be introduced for monitoring and specifying the forest stand dynamics.

scholarly journals Effects of gap size, gap age, and bamboo Fargesia denudata on Abies faxoniana recruitment in South-western China

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. e025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Kang ◽  
Cheng Tian ◽  
Dongwei Kang ◽  
Mengjun Wang ◽  
Yunxi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Western China ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Abies Faxoniana ◽  
Age Gap ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Fargesia Denudata

<p><em>Aim of study</em>: to study the effects of gap size, gap age and bamboo <em>Fargesia denudata</em> on natural regeneration of <em>Abies faxoniana</em>, both of which are the ubiquitous dominants in our research area.</p><p><em>Area of study</em>: subalpine coniferous forests in Wanglang Natural Reserve in Southwestern China.</p><p><em>Material and Methods:</em> 10 transect belts were randomly established, and a total of 97 gaps were recorded and used.</p><p><em>Main results</em>: (1) the number of bamboos with coverage of &lt;17% significantly increased with increases of gap size and age, but the latter had little influence on the numbers of <em>F. denudata</em> with coverage of &gt;17%. (2) <em>F. denudata</em> strongly inhibited <em>A. </em><em>faxoniana</em> seedlings and saplings in small, young and old gaps, where the amount of <em>A. </em><em>faxoniana</em> recruitment was relatively abundant, than in other types of gap. (3) The numbers of <em>A. </em><em>faxoniana</em> seedlings in A-gaps, significantly decreased with the increases in gap size. However, in gaps where <em>F. denudate </em>was also present, <em>A. </em><em>faxoniana</em> seedlings and saplings were insensitive to gap size or age. <em>Research highlights</em>: thick <em>F. denudata</em> would not be influenced by gap size or age. Because of the low occurrences of <em>A. </em><em>faxoniana</em> seedlings and saplings, the negative effect of gap size, gap age and <em>F. denudata</em> on <em>A. </em><em>faxoniana</em> recruitment was unclear.</p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: <em>Abies faxoniana</em>; <em>Fargesia denudata</em>; gap age; gap size; regeneration.</p>

scholarly journals Natural Regeneration After Gold Mining in the Peruvian Amazon: Implications for Restoration of Tropical Forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Chambi-Legoas ◽  
Daigard Ricardo Ortega Rodriguez ◽  
Francisco de Marques de Figueiredo ◽  
Joel Peña Valdeiglesias ◽  
Percy Amílcar Zevallos Pollito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Secondary Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Madre De Dios

Context: Gold mining is the most destructive activity in the natural forests of the Madre de Dios region in the southeastern Peruvian Amazon. Understanding the natural regeneration process of these degraded areas is necessary to develop forest restoration projects in such conditions.Aims: We aimed to evaluate forest recovery and identify the successional and structure patterns of vegetation governing natural regeneration over time.Methods: Structure, composition, richness, diversity, and successional status were evaluated in abandoned artisanal gold mine areas in Madre de Dios, southeastern Peru. Vegetation data were recorded in 61 plots of 250 m2 established in five sites varying from 1 to 19 years of abandonment. Vegetation in abandoned areas was compared with six undisturbed forests evaluated in previous inventories.Results: In the mining lands, tree density and basal area recovered quickly, while species richness and composition were slow. Forest recovery is an initial stage of transition from pioneer to early secondary species until at least 19 years after abandonment. The most abundant and frequent species were the fast-growing species Ochroma pyramidale and Cecropia engleriana. These species could be considered potential candidates to promote restoration plans. Pioneer species represented 63% of the number of species in plots of 1–4 years, 57% in plots of 5–7 years, and 50% in plots of 8–19 years. Early and late secondary species represented 34 and 16%, respectively, of the number of species in plots of 8–19 years. Abandoned mining and reference plots present less than 5% of species in common.Conclusion: Our results highlight a slow natural regeneration process in areas for up to 19 years after gold mining. Species from different successional statuses were identified as potential candidates for recovering vegetation in such areas. Our findings may have important implications for further research focusing on the ecological restoration in tropical forests severely degraded by gold mining.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Spatial Influencing Factors of Natural Regeneration within Aquaculture ponds in a Mangrove Forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
kun xin ◽  
Nong Sheng ◽  
Yanmei Xiong ◽  
Zhongmao Jiang ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Regeneration Period ◽  
Aquaculture Ponds ◽  
Natural Dynamics

Abstract Regeneration is an important component of community succession and understanding regeneration dynamics is essential for forest protection and recovery management. Mangroves are distributed along coastlines and this unique habitat has resulted in very different regeneration process. This study took Dongzhaigang mangrove forest in Hainan, China as the study area, considered the 10 years regeneration process in 8 abandoned aquaculture ponds, and the spatial factors that influence the regeneration process are analyzed. The objectives were to: a) investigate the natural dynamics of the mangrove regeneration process in abandoned ponds, b) determine the main spatial factors affecting the natural regeneration process. The results showed that the number of species and individuals showed a tendency to initially rise and then decline, with the maximum occurring at 6–8 years. The results of a diversity index showed an initial rise, with stabilization then occurring over a 8 year period. Aegiceras corniculatum and Sonneratia apetala were typical pioneer mangrove species in the study area, while Bruguiera sexangula and Kandelia obovata were representative species of late regeneration period. Spatial factors, including pond area and shape, relative elevation, distance to a tidal creek and surrounding trees area played important roles in the regeneration of mangrove in ponds. Finally, the study considered the current situation regarding mangrove restoration in China and suggested that natural regeneration of mangroves is a good management option.

Natural regeneration of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) trees in canopy gaps and under closed canopy in a forest in northern Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Nasiri ◽  
Mohammad R. Marvie Mohadjer ◽  
Vahid Etemad ◽  
Kiomars Sefidi ◽  
Leila Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Canopy Gaps ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Fagus Orientalis ◽  
Oriental Beech ◽  
Fagus Orientalis Lipsky ◽  
Closed Canopy

scholarly journals The effects of cutting regimes on natural regeneration in submountain beech forests: species diversity and abundance

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 533-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barna
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cutting Regimes ◽  
Cutting Intensity ◽  
The Given

The paper summarizes the results of 15-year natural regeneration for beech of five plots with different densities situated in the Western Carpathians Mts. Three of the plots were subjected to differently intensive shelterwood cuttings (plots L, M, H), one plot was clear-cut (CC), and one was left without intervention – as a control (C). The number of one-year-old seedlings decreased proportionally with increasing cutting intensity. The ANOVA results document a significant influence of cutting intensity on the abundance of both one-year-old and older seedlings. The abundance of beech seedlings was initially increasing with increasing cutting intensity, and, having reached the peak on plot M (medium intensity), there followed a decrease in the seedling abundance. Lower numbers of beech seedlings on plots subjected to less intensive cutting (C, L) result from less favourable growth conditions in comparison with plot M. On the other hand, cutting of higher intensity (H, CC) resulted in lower numbers of fructifying parent trees. The medium cut intervention having provided the plot M with stocking of 0.5 (50% of the stand) resulted in a lower number of seed resources (limiting factor for natural regeneration). However, for the other factor – seedling establishment (survival and recruitment) this plot (M) represents an ecological optimum in beech regeneration in the given conditions.

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