scholarly journals La consommation de bois est-elle durable sur le long terme?

2014 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Kit Prins
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
First Century ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
European Forests ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
The Past ◽  
Energy Wood

Is consumption of forest products sustainable over the long term? The article presents trends and an outlook for the forest sector, for Europe and Switzerland, from 1913 to 2030. The first half of the twentieth century saw over-use of European forests, but in the second half, the situation changed: consumption of forest products increased, while forests expanded, growing stock rose and Europe became a net exporter of timber. Official scenarios foresee a continuation of these trends in the twenty-first century. Yet, to this end, the forest sector must stay competitive. For example, mobilising enough energy wood, on a sustainable basis, is a major challenge for the sector. The forest sector has demonstrated in the past its flexibility and adaptability, and so could be well placed to lead the way towards the green economy.

Modernist Dante

2021 ◽  
pp. 633-650
Author(s):  
Daniela Caselli
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
James Joyce ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Ezra Pound ◽  
First Century ◽  
Djuna Barnes ◽  
Dorothy Richardson ◽  
Anglophone Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

This chapter traces a history of Dante’s reception in anglophone literature between the 1870s and the 1950s. It acknowledges his importance in Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, and James Joyce, but engages more closely with Samuel Beckett, Djuna Barnes, and Virginia Woolf. It shows that the modernist Dante that emerges from these authors’ work is both a formal and political one: recruited as an anti-authoritarian voice from the past and seen anew from feminist and queer perspectives, this is not a twenty-first century Dante forced against his will to virtue-signal, however; on the contrary, this is a Dante anachronistically familiar with key ‘vices’ of twentieth-century authors, readers and commentators. Focusing on sullenness, resistance, and fatigue, the chapter argues for a new understanding of modernist experiments with Dante’s political and formal complexity that refuse to use him as a ‘code or a weapon […] to crush someone’, as Dorothy Richardson put it.

Pentecostals and Charismatics in America

2019 ◽  
pp. 241-260
Author(s):  
Cecil M. Robeck
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
First Century ◽  
1 Corinthians ◽  
The Past ◽  
Family Tradition ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Christian Family ◽  
The Church

This chapter traces Pentecostal and related congregations, churches, denominations, and organizations that stem from the beginning of the twentieth century. They identify with activities at Pentecost described in Acts 2 and in the exercise of charisms in 1 Corinthians 12–14. Each of them highlights is the significance of a personal encounter with the Holy Spirit leading to a transformed life. These often interrelated organizations and movements have brought great vitality to the Church worldwide for over one hundred years, and together, they constitute as much as 25 per cent of the world’s Christians. This form of spirituality is unique over the past 500 years, since it may be found in virtually every historic Christian family/tradition, and in most churches of the twenty-first century.

Who Runs the Firm? A Long-Term Analysis of Gender Inequality on Swiss Corporate Boards

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
STEPHANIE GINALSKI
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
The Past ◽  
Corporate Elite ◽  
Universal Suffrage ◽  
Recent Arrival ◽  
Women On Corporate Boards ◽  
Corporate Elites ◽  
Term Analysis

The recent arrival of women on corporate boards has been extensively discussed in the literature. However, most of the studies focus on very recent times. This article analyzes the presence of women on the corporate boards of the largest firms in Switzerland across the past hundred years. It shows that until the beginning of the 1970s, the very few women sitting on the boardrooms belonged to the families owning the firms. Two main factors contributed then to the progressive opening of the corporate elites to women. First, the extending in 1971 of “universal suffrage” to women led to a feminization of the political elites, and women with a political profile entered the boardrooms of firms in the distribution and retailing sector. Second, the increasing globalization of the economy at the end of the twentieth century contributed to weaken the cohesion of the very male and Swiss corporate elite. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, however, the presence of women remained low in international comparison, and they were still hitting the “glass ceiling” regarding the top positions in the firm.

A leasehold tenure system for publicly owned forest land

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-600
Author(s):  
Tony Rotherham
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tenure System

The forest products industry is in a period of profound transition. Several provinces are reviewing forest land tenure systems. Perhaps a new approach can be tried, but we must not forget the lessons of the past 30 years during which the delivery of forest management has improved based on clear lines of responsibility and accountability. A leasehold tenure system based on contract law providing security of tenure and designed to accommodate both SFM Certification and Forest Carbon Projects might be worth consideration. Key words: forest land ownership, tenure, leasehold, long-term planning, forest crop planning

MAYA ARCHAEOLOGY FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: THE PROGRESS, THE PERILS, AND THE PROMISE

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur A. Demarest
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
First Century ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Maya Archaeology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Analytical Approaches

AbstractIn the past 20 years, what were once considered specialized auxiliary subdisciplines or analytical approaches such as bioarchaeology, paleozoology, subterranean archaeology, and material culture studies have become central to all research due to refinements of their analytic tools. Meanwhile, building on earlier progress in epigraphy, work on the Classic period truly has become historical archaeology. These advances provide a much greater understanding of ancient Maya ecology, economy, and politics and insights into the details, not just trends, in culture history. Realization of this potential, however, is imperiled by problems in research design and interpretation. Project structures rarely allows for complete and independent application of these enhanced fields, while the traditional elements of ceramic classification and chronology have not kept pace. The erratic sample of both Maya lowland and highland regions needs to addressed, rather than glossed over by extrapolations or assumptions about interaction and expansionism. Institutional structures and financial limitations have led to many superficial studies masked by quasi-theoretical terminologies. Constructive solutions, most exemplified in some current projects, include the obligation to try to apply all available techniques and approaches. To make that feasible, larger projects should be fragmented into multi-institutional collaborations. Greater emphasis must be given to classifications and excavations that generate ceramic microchronologies. Above all, we must investigate the extensive unstudied or understudied regions. Finally, most challenging is the need to collectively confront academic structures that encourage rapid, incomplete studies and discourage more substantial publications and long term multi-institutional research.

Measuring Chandler's Impact on European Business Studies since the 1960s

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Jes Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Research ◽  
Business History ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Business ◽  
Treaty Of Rome ◽  
The 1960S

Recently, a number of groups sponsored large international research projects that are concerned with business history. Harm G. Schröter's group investigated the European integration that followed the Treaty of Rome in 1957 in order to discover whether it had led to the appearance of a characteristically “European” corporation. Franco Amatori, Camilla Brautaset, and Youssef Cassis coordinated an analysis with the ambitious title “The Performance of European Business in the Twentieth Century.” The projects shared some common “Chandlerian” features: they were problem-oriented, comparative studies of the long-term development of large enterprises, and their goal was to propose illuminating generalizations. Such Chandler-inspired studies are likely to undergo a renaissance in the next couple of years. Still, as the term “renaissance” implies, Chandler's impact on European business studies has undergone upswings and downturns over the past four decades.

scholarly journals The Lithuanian Forest Sector Towards the 21st Century: the Strategic Problems of the Transitional Period

Ekonomika ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Algis Gaižutis
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government

Strategy specifies the direction. Long-term strategy usually means the ability to answer the following questions:• Where are we now?• Where do we want to go?• How do we get there?Changes in the economical, demographic and political development of the country, the value orientation of the Government expressed by the Forest Policy, the availability of resources, the demand-supply situation in the markets, and the past and present performance of business all greatly affect the formulation of Forest Sector Strategies for the future.This paper examines the first two questions presented above. Firstly, we shall introduce ourselves shortly to the present situation in which the Lithuanian Forest Sector exists. Secondly, we shall look at future possibilities. The important changes of the operating environment of the transitional period in the whole economy of Lithuania are also discussed.

scholarly journals The Memory of the Avant-Garde and the New Wave in the Contemporary Serbian Novel

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Avramović
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Past ◽  
Twenty First Century

This article is dealing with the topic of two past twentieth-century epochs in a few representative Serbian novels at the turn from the twentieth to the twenty-first century. These are the 1980s and the New Wave era in Yugoslavia, an epoch close to the past that can still be written about from the perspective of an immediate witness, and the avant-garde era, that is, the period between the two world wars marked in art by different movements of the historical avant-garde. The novels Milenijum u Beogradu (Millennium in Belgrade, 2000) by Vladimir Pištalo, Vrt u Veneciji (The Garden in Venice, 2002) by Mileta Prodanović, and Kiša i hartija (Rain and Paper, 2004) by Vladimir Tasić are being interpreted. In these novels, it is particularly noteworthy that the two aforementioned epochs are most commonly linked as part of the same creative and intellectual currents in the twentieth century.

Why History?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Bloxham
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Early Christianity ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Way

What is the point of history? Why has the study of the past been so important for so long? Why History? A History contemplates two and a half thousand years of historianship to establish how very different thinkers in diverse contexts have conceived their activities, and to illustrate the purposes that their historical investigations have served. At the core of this work, whether it is addressing Herodotus, medieval religious exegesis, or twentieth-century cultural history, is the way that the present has been conceived to relate to the past. Alongside many changes in technique and philosophy, Donald Bloxham’s book reveals striking long-term continuities in justifications for the discipline. The volume has chapters on classical antiquity, early Christianity, the medieval world, the period spanning the Renaissance and the Reformation, the era of the Enlightenment, the nineteenth and early twentieth century, and developments down to the present. It concludes with a meditation on the point of history today.

The Resources of Civilization

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-110
Author(s):  
T. K. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
State Power ◽  
First Century ◽  
Network Society ◽  
Coercive State ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Risk Managers ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Borrowing from a phrase of Gladstone’s, this chapter offers thematic reflections on the long-term trajectory outlined in Chapters One and Two. It notes the general aggregation of coercive state power up until the advent of the ‘network society’ of the late twentieth century. Frustratingly for analysts, risk managers, and prophets, the early twen ty-first century looks set to remain open-ended. In any longer-term perspective, the domestic strength of Western governments remains massively impressive. Their coercive capabilities and bureaucratic information-processing capacities remain intact, if they have not actually been enhanced by the information-processing revolutions. States, in short, may not be intrinsically much weaker than they were before the 1990s. And the conspiracies they face remain, if anything, more primitive. But public moods are certainly more febrile: more alarmist, more confused, and more embittered.

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