scholarly journals Cellular plasticity and resilience and the pathophysiology of severe mood disorders

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-225
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Cellular Plasticity ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Transduction Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Abnormalities ◽  
Monoaminergic Neurotransmitter

Recent advances in the identification of the neural circuits, neurochemicals, and signal transduction mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders have led to much progress toward understanding the roles of genetic factors and psychosocial stressors. The monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems have received the most attention, partly because of the observation that effective antidepressant drugs exert their primary biochemical effects by regulating intrasynaptic concentrations of serotonin and norepinephrine. Furthermore, the monoaminergic systems are extensively distributed throughout the network of limbic, striatal, and prefrontal cortical neuronal circuits thought to support the behavioral and visceral manifestations of mood disorders. Increasing numbers of neuroimaging, neuropathological, and biochemical studies indicate impairments in cellular plasticity and resilience in patients who suffer from severe, recurrent mood disorders. In this paper, we describe studies identifying possible structural, functional, and cellular abnormalities associated with depressive disorders, which are potentially the cellular underpinnings of these diseases. We suggest that drugs designed to enhance cellular plasticity and resilience, and attenuate the activity of maladaptive stress-responsive systems, may be useful for the treatment of severe mood disorders.

Role of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the pathogenesis and treatment of mood disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton S. Tsybko ◽  
Tatiana V. Ilchibaeva ◽  
Nina K. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Glial Cell ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Mood Stabilizers

AbstractGlial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is widely recognized as a survival factor for dopaminergic neurons, but GDNF has also been shown to promote development, differentiation, and protection of other central nervous system neurons and was thought to play an important role in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Severe mood disorders, such as primarily major depressive disorder and bipolar affective disorder, attract particular attention. These psychopathologies are characterized by structural alterations accompanied by the dysregulation of neuroprotective and neurotrophic signaling mechanisms required for the maturation, growth, and survival of neurons and glia. The main objective of this review is to summarize the recent findings and evaluate the potential role of GDNF in the pathogenesis and treatment of mood disorders. Specifically, it describes (1) the implication of GDNF in the mechanism of depression and in the effect of antidepressant drugs and mood stabilizers and (2) the interrelation between GDNF and brain neurotransmitters, playing a key role in the pathogenesis of depression. This review provides converging lines of evidence that (1) brain GDNF contributes to the mechanism underlying depressive disorders and the effect of antidepressants and mood stabilizers and (2) there is a cross-talk between GDNF and neurotransmitters representing a feedback system: GDNF-neurotransmitters and neurotransmitters-GDNF.

scholarly journals Astroglial Connexin43 as a Potential Target for a Mood Stabiliser

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Motohiro Okada ◽  
Tomoka Oka ◽  
Misaki Nakamoto ◽  
Kouji Fukuyama ◽  
Takashi Shiroyama
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junction ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Monoamine Transporter ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Novel Strategy

Mood disorders remain a major public health concern worldwide. Monoaminergic hypotheses of pathophysiology of bipolar and major depressive disorders have led to the development of monoamine transporter-inhibiting antidepressants for the treatment of major depression and have contributed to the expanded indications of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of bipolar disorders. In spite of psychopharmacological progress, current pharmacotherapy according to the monoaminergic hypothesis alone is insufficient to improve or prevent mood disorders. Recent approval of esketamine for treatment of treatment-resistant depression has attracted attention in psychopharmacology as a glutamatergic hypothesis of the pathophysiology of mood disorders. On the other hand, in the last decade, accumulated findings regarding the pathomechanisms of mood disorders emphasised that functional abnormalities of tripartite synaptic transmission play important roles in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. At first glance, the enhancement of astroglial connexin seems to contribute to antidepressant and mood-stabilising effects, but in reality, antidepressive and mood-stabilising actions are mediated by more complicated interactions associated with the astroglial gap junction and hemichannel. Indeed, several depressive mood-inducing stress stimulations suppress connexin43 expression and astroglial gap junction function, but enhance astroglial hemichannel activity. On the other hand, monoamine transporter-inhibiting antidepressants suppress astroglial hemichannel activity and enhance astroglial gap junction function, whereas several non-antidepressant mood stabilisers activate astroglial hemichannel activity. Based on preclinical findings, in this review, we summarise the effects of antidepressants, mood-stabilising antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants on astroglial connexin, and then, to establish a novel strategy for treatment of mood disorders, we reveal the current progress in psychopharmacology, changing the question from “what has been revealed?” to “what should be clarified?”.

What are the reciprocal influences of randomized clinical trials and the patient–psychiatrist relationship?

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
J. Catteau ◽  
C. Cyran ◽  
R. Bordet ◽  
C.E. Thomas ◽  
B.A. Dupuis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Reciprocal Influences

SummaryThe goal of this prospective investigation was to study the course and the quality of patient-psychiatrist relationships during phase II / phase III clinical trials of antidepressant medication prescribed for depressive disorders. All patients who participated in the clinical trials (and subsequently in this survey) signed written informed consent statements and were subject to random double blind treatment assignment. Retrospective analysis of 118 investigations was carried out, and the patients involved were questioned concerning their experiences and impressions during and after the study. Data show that the outcome of clinical trials of antidepressant drugs are not a function of pre-existing good patient-psychiatrist relationships. On the other hand, no effects on the patient-psychiatrist relationship were found as a result of the experimental procedure, and it can be concluded that no detrimental effects on future patient-psychiatrist relationships were incurred.

Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy for Heterogeneous Anxiety and Mood Disorders in a Psychiatric Hospital Outpatient Clinic

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynndall Dwyer ◽  
Sara Olsen ◽  
Tian Po S. Oei
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy ◽  
Group Cbt

Recent literature has shown that group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for individuals with heterogeneous anxiety disorders. However, these studies have used a narrow range of outcome measures, and have not included global measures such as quality of life. In addition, heterogeneous mood disorders have not been well researched. The aim of this study was to replicate and extend on previous studies by assessing the effectiveness of group CBT treatment programs designed for use with heterogeneous anxiety or depressive disorders. Global outcome measures of quality of life and social functioning were assessed in addition to outcome measures of anxiety and mood symptoms. There were 173 patients who completed either group CBT for anxiety disorders or for depressive disorders. Symptom measures and quality of life measures were used to determine treatment effectiveness. Results demonstrated that the treatments were effective in reducing overall symptom severity and improving quality of life. Treatment gains were maintained to 12 month follow-up. However, the degree of change was considerably lower than that found in comparable trials with diagnostically homogenous samples. Overall, group CBT for heterogeneous diagnostic populations was effective but requires further investigation and refinement.

Do certain signal transduction mechanisms explain the comorbidity of epilepsy and mood disorders?

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Rocha ◽  
Mario Alonso-Vanegas ◽  
Sandra Orozco-Suárez ◽  
David Alcántara-González ◽  
Humberto Cruzblanca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Transduction Mechanisms

scholarly journals SCREENING INVESTIGATION OF DISTRIBUTION OF MOOD DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENCE AND PECULIARITIES OF THEIR CURRENCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1795-1801
Author(s):  
Larysa V. Pypa ◽  
Yulia N. Lysytsia ◽  
Ruslan V. Svistilnik ◽  
Maryna M. Murhina
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Personal Anxiety ◽  
High Level

Introduction:. The problem of mood disorders in adolescents has recently become acute due to the high frequency of encounter and social significance. The aim: To investigate the screening of anxiety and depressive disorders and their manifestations in adolescent children to determine risk factors and to develop measures for their prevention. Materials and methods: The study was attended by 189 students aged 16-17 years of the educational institutions of the Khmelnytskyi region. For study it was used: Spielberger questionnaire in adaptation A. Andreeva and questionnaire for child depression M. Kovacs, 1992. Results: A high level of personal anxiety was detected in 44 adolescents (23,3%) and situational in 76 (40,2%) adolescents. In 48 (25,4%) adolescents there were signs of depression, in 11 (5,8%) - severe depression. The level of depression in girls was significantly higher compared to boys (95% CI, 2,6-8,8) (p<0,0004), which was manifested in the form of aggressive behavior (95% CI, 3,3-9,4) (p<0,0001) and anhedonia (95% CI, 1,7-7,0) (p<0,001). Signs of depression more often were appeared in adolescents who had an incomplete family (95% CI, 0,7-8,5) (p<0,02) and manifested in the form of aggressive behavior (95% CI, 0,6 (p<0,02), anhedonia (95% CI, 0,7-7,3) (p<0,01) and negative self-esteem with the presence of suicidal thoughts (95% CI, 0,3-7,5) (p<0,03). Conclusions: Mood disorders are quite common among adolescents and require timely detection and correction in order to improve their social adaptation and prevent suicidal behavior. The main factors of mood disorders in adolescents can be an incomplete family and a female.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF THE PREVALENCE OF AFFECTIVE AND NEUROTIC DISORDERS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE POLTAVA REGION FOR 2014-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1122-1125
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Havlovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
World Population ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
And Behavior

Introduction: Recently, the situation regarding the mental health of the world population has a tendency to deteriorate and is one of the most serious problems, which faced all countries of the world and in particular the European region (ER), since at one or another period of life problems of mental health arise at least in every fourth person of the ER, and Ukraine is no exception. ATO in Ukraine was started in 2014. We investigated the level of hospitalized mental morbidity in the residents of the city of Poltava since 2014. The aim: To study hospitalized mental morbidity of the population of the Poltava region since 2014. Materials and methods: Studied the incidence and prevalence of depressive disorders in Poltava and Poltava regions according to the new WHO classification. ICD-11. According to the report form 10 “Report on the Disease of Persons with Mental Disorders and Behavior”, the following classes of depression were studied: F30-39 Mood Disorders (Affective Disorders, F40-48 - Neurotic and Somatic Disorders, F43.0 - Severe Stress and Compliance). Review: Affective disorders are a set of psychiatric disorders, also called mood disorders. The main types of affective disorders are depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorder. Symptoms vary by individual and can range from mild to severe. Conclusions: The rate of growth of morbidity of affective disorder has decreased, compared with 2014, by -14% and neurotic disorders has increased 3,2%.

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