scholarly journals Rapid quantification of cryoconite: granule geometry and in situ supraglacial extents, using examples from Svalbard and Greenland

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (196) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristram D.L. Irvine-Fynn ◽  
Jonathan W. Bridge ◽  
Andrew J. Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
The Public ◽  
Automated Processing ◽  
Public Domain Software

AbstractSupraglacial dust (cryoconite) is an important but poorly understood component of the glacial system. There is a lack of primary data on cryoconite form, extent and dynamics. Here we present a suite of rapid, low-cost methodologies for quantification of granule geometry and supraglacial cryoconite coverage using image data captured by commercially available digital cameras. We develop robust, transferable protocols for analysis of (1) cryoconite granule geometry (major axis, Feret diameter, circularity); (2) centimetre–metre scale supraglacial extent (m2cryoconite m−2surface); and (3) temporal change in supraglacial extent at hourly intervals over several days. Image-processing methodologies were developed using the public domain software ImageJ. Manual (supervised) controls were used to estimate sources of error, and measurements then automated using simple scripting tools (macros). Fully automated processing successfully identified ∼90% of a sample of isolated granules ranging between 2.5 and 39.2 mm, with uncertainties of <20%. Particle sphericity (inferred from circularity) decreased as particle size increased. Supraglacial cryoconite extent was obtained with a mean uncertainty of 37% and 22% for data from field sites in Greenland and Svalbard, respectively. These methods will facilitate acquisition and analysis of datasets for cryoconite across a range of spatial scales, supporting research into cryoconite impacts on supraglacial hydrological connections, nutrient and carbon cycling, and initiation of primary succession in deglaciating environments.

Part Monitoring and Quality Assessment of Conformal Additive Manufacturing Using Image Reconstruction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Kutzer ◽  
Levi D. DeVries ◽  
Cooper D. Blas
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Complex Part ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have become almost universal in concept development, prototyping, and education. Advances in materials and methods continue to extend this technology to small batch and complex part manufacturing for the public and private sectors. Despite the growing popularity of digital cameras in AM systems, use of image data for part monitoring is largely unexplored. This paper presents a new method for estimating the 3D internal structure of fused deposition modeling (FDM) processes using image data from a single digital camera. Relative transformations are established using motion capture, and the 3D model is created using knowledge of the deposition path coupled with assumptions about the deposition cross-section. Results show that part geometry can be estimated and visualized using the methods presented in this work.

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Solder Joint Self-Alignment in Fiber Attachment Soldering

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Chunqing Wang ◽  
Yanhong Tian
Keyword(s):  
Solder Joint ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Alignment Error ◽  
Surface Evolver ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope ◽  
Solder Volume ◽  
Public Domain Software

Fiber attachment soldering is low cost and high-precision technology in direct-coupling optoelectronic packaging. For accurate alignment, it is crucial to understand the self-alignment behavior of solder joint. In this research, the self-alignment method by using surface tension of molten solder and by adopting specific pad shape was proposed. First, the self-alignment model of solder joint in fiber attachment soldering was developed by using the public domain software called SURFACE EVOLVER and the three-dimensional geometry of solder joint with different solder volume was analyzed. Then, the self-alignment behavior of solder joint with an initial yaw misalignment was discussed and the theoretical equilibrium positions of ellipse and square pad were calculated. Next, based on the minimum potential energy theorem and data from geometry simulation, the influences of design and material parameters on the standoff height (SOH) were analyzed. Furthermore, experiments were done to examine the theoretical equilibrium positions of ellipse and square pad and the SOHs of solder joints were measured by using confocal scanning laser microscope. The numerical results show that the theoretical equilibrium positions of ellipse and square pad are the major axis of ellipse and the diagonal of square, respectively. SOH can be controlled by adopting proper solder volume, which is above the critical value for specific pad. The experimental results show that the solder joint with initial yaw angle can be self-aligned to the theoretical equilibrium position of pad and solder joint with ellipse pad substrate demonstrates smaller alignment error than those with square pad substrate. The measurement results of SOH are in agreement with the simulation results.

scholarly journals Citizen-Science with off-the-shelf UAV for Coastal Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 930 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
S M Beselly ◽  
M A Sajali
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Coastal Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coastal Monitoring ◽  
Shoreline Position ◽  
The Public ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Abstract Accurate and repetitive observation and quantification of the shoreline position and the coastal feature are essential aspects of coastal management and planning. Commonly, the dataset associated with coastal observation and quantification is obtained with in-situ coastal surveys. The current methods are mostly quite expensive, time-consuming, and require trained individuals to do the task. With the availability of the off-the-shelf low cost, lightweight, and reliable Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with the advances of the algorithms such as structure-from-motion (SfM), UAV-based measurement becomes a promising tool. Open SfM initiative, open topographical database, and UAV communities are the enablers that make it possible to collect accurate and frequent coastal monitoring and democratize data. This paper provides a review and discussions that highlight the possibility of conducting scientific coastal monitoring or collaborating with the public. Literature was examined for the advances in coastal monitoring, challenges, and recommendations. We identified and proposed the use of UAV along with the strategies and systems to encourage citizen-led UAV observation for coastal monitoring while attaining the quality.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM PROSES PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA PENGERUSAKAN DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN PERATURAN JAKSA AGUNG TENTANG PENGHENTIAN PENUNTUTAN BERDASARKAN KEADILAN RESTORATIF (Studi di Kejaksaan Negeri Pematangsiantar)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Sahat Benny Risman Girsang ◽  
Erni Juniria Harefa ◽  
Pondang Hasibuan ◽  
July Esther
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
The Public ◽  
Library Research

Settlement of criminal cases through restorative justice in stage two (2) or since the handing over of responsibility for suspects and evidence to the Public Prosecutor has been regulated in the Attorney General's Regulation No. 15 of 2020 concerning Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice. The legality of the application of restorative in Indonesia has been used in Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Justice System (SSPA) and the Circular Letter of the Chief of Police No. 8 of 2018 concerning the Application of Restorative Justice before the start of the investigation sent to the Public Prosecutor. a law enforcement in a slow direction because law enforcement is carried out at various levels from the Police, Attorney General's Office, District Courts, High Courts and even to the Supreme Court. In the end it has an impact on the accumulation of cases that are not small in number in court. The purpose of this study is to find out the application and problems that occur in the application of restorative justice through efforts to stop prosecution in the process of resolving cases of criminal acts of vandalism associated with the Attorney General's Regulation No. 15 of 2020 concerning Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice. This research is normative-empirical juridical using a case approach and a statutory approach. Data collection techniques using primary data are field interviews at the Pematang Siantar District Attorney and library research to obtain secondary data. Referring to the principle of fast, simple and low cost justice, PERJA No. 15 of 2020 concerning Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice has been accommodated, especially in cases of destruction by making peace between victims and suspects, and the peace process is carried out voluntarily, with deliberation and consensus, without pressure, coercion and intimidation. In this peace process the facilitator is the Public Prosecutor, this is because there is no interest and connection with the case, against the victim and the suspect. In the implementation of PERJA No. 15 of 2020, it turns out that there are many obstacles, including the lack of understanding among law enforcement regarding restorative justice, lack of infrastructure, and public misunderstanding.

scholarly journals Hybrid Algorithm for the detection of Pixel-based digital image forgery using Markov and SIFT descriptors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy alexander Cortés Osorio ◽  
José Andrés Chaves Osorio ◽  
Cristian David López Robayo
Keyword(s):  
Digital Images ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Image Forgery ◽  
The Public ◽  
Process Modification ◽  
Digital Image Forgery ◽  
Typical Process

Today, image forgery is common due to the massification of low-cost/high-resolution digital cameras, along with the accessibility of computer programs for image processing. All media is affected by this issue, which makes the public doubt the news. Though image modification is a typical process in entertainment, when images are taken as evidence in a legal process, modification cannot be considered trivial. Digital forensics has the challenge of ensuring the accuracy and integrity of digital images to overcome this issue. This investigation introduces an algorithm to detect the main types of pixel-based alterations such as copy-move forgery, resampling, and splicing in digital images. For the evaluation of the algorithm, CVLAB, CASIA V1, Columbia, and Columbia Uncompressed datasets were used. Of 7100 images evaluated, 3666 were unaltered, 791 had resampling, 2213 had splicing, and 430 had copy-move forgeries. The algorithm detected all proposed forgery pixel methods with an accuracy of 91%. The main novelties of the proposal are the reduced number of features needed for identification and its robustness for the file format and image size.

Convergent-beam thickness determination: The advantages of digital imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 420-421
Author(s):  
Stuart McKernan ◽  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Variation ◽  
Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Thickness Determination ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Automated Processing ◽  
Beam Thickness ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Remarkable Agreement

Convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED) patterns contain an immense amount of information relating to the structure of the material from which they are obtained. The analysis of these patterns has progressed to the point that under appropriate, well specified conditions, the intensity variation within the CBED discs may be understood in a quantitative sense. Rossouw et al for example, have produced numerical simulations of zone-axis CBED patterns which show remarkable agreement with experimental patterns. Spence and co-workers have obtained the structure factor parameters for lowindex reflections using the intensity variation in 2-beam CBED patterns. Both of these examples involve the use of digital data. Perhaps the most frequent use for quantitative CBED analysis is the thickness determination described by Kelly et al. This analysis has been implemented in a variety of different ways; from real-time, in-situ analysis using the microscope controls, to measurements of photographic prints with a ruler, to automated processing of digitally acquired images. The potential advantages of this latter process will be presented.

To Eliminate Curtain Effect of FIB TEM Samples by a Combination of Sample Dicing and Backside Milling

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Shing Luo ◽  
Hsiu Ting Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Sample Preparation Method ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Transmission Electron

Abstract Several methods are used to invert samples 180 deg in a dual beam focused ion beam (FIB) system for backside milling by a specific in-situ lift out system or stages. However, most of those methods occupied too much time on FIB systems or requires a specific in-situ lift out system. This paper provides a novel transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample preparation method to eliminate the curtain effect completely by a combination of backside milling and sample dicing with low cost and less FIB time. The procedures of the TEM pre-thinned sample preparation method using a combination of sample dicing and backside milling are described step by step. From the analysis results, the method has applied successfully to eliminate the curtain effect of dual beam FIB TEM samples for both random and site specific addresses.

Opportunities for Qualitative Analysis of Social Media Platforms in Dietetic Research and Practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Meghan Lynch ◽  
Irena Knezevic ◽  
Kennedy Laborde Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Online News ◽  
News Article ◽  
Discussion Forums ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
The Public ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Article Comment

To date, most qualitative knowledge about individual eating patterns and the food environment has been derived from traditional data collection methods, such as interviews, focus groups, and observations. However, there currently exists a large source of nutrition-related data in social media discussions that have the potential to provide opportunities to improve dietetic research and practice. Qualitative social media discussion analysis offers a new tool for dietetic researchers and practitioners to gather insights into how the public discusses various nutrition-related topics. We first consider how social media discussion data come with significant advantages including low-cost access to timely ways to gather insights from the public, while also cautioning that social media data have limitations (e.g., difficulty verifying demographic information). We then outline 3 types of social media discussion platforms in particular: (i) online news article comment sections, (ii) food and nutrition blogs, and (iii) discussion forums. We discuss how each different type of social media offers unique insights and provide a specific example from our own research using each platform. We contend that social media discussions can contribute positively to dietetic research and practice.

Feasibility study of technology-enabled prevention intervention for children and families (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Theofanopoulou ◽  
Katherine Isbister ◽  
Julian Edbrooke-Childs ◽  
Petr Slovák
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Object A ◽  
Intervention Delivery ◽  
Parents And Children

BACKGROUND A common challenge within psychiatry and prevention science more broadly is the lack of effective, engaging, and scale-able mechanisms to deliver psycho-social interventions for children, especially beyond in-person therapeutic or school-based contexts. Although digital technology has the potential to address these issues, existing research on technology-enabled interventions for families remains limited. OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility of in-situ deployments of a low-cost, bespoke prototype, which has been designed to support children’s in-the-moment emotion regulation efforts. This prototype instantiates a novel intervention model that aims to address the existing limitations by delivering the intervention through an interactive object (a ‘smart toy’) sent home with the child, without any prior training necessary for either the child or their carer. This pilot study examined (i) engagement and acceptability of the device in the homes during 1 week deployments; and (ii) qualitative indicators of emotion regulation effects, as reported by parents and children. METHODS In this qualitative study, ten families (altogether 11 children aged 6-10 years) were recruited from three under-privileged communities in the UK. The RA visited participants in their homes to give children the ‘smart toy’ and conduct a semi-structured interview with at least one parent from each family. Children were given the prototype, a discovery book, and a simple digital camera to keep at home for 7-8 days, after which we interviewed each child and their parent about their experience. Thematic analysis guided the identification and organisation of common themes and patterns across the dataset. In addition, the prototypes automatically logged every interaction with the toy throughout the week-long deployments. RESULTS Across all 10 families, parents and children reported that the ‘smart toy’ was incorporated into children’s emotion regulation practices and engaged with naturally in moments children wanted to relax or calm down. Data suggests that children interacted with the toy throughout the duration of the deployment, found the experience enjoyable, and all requested to keep the toy longer. Child emotional connection to the toy—caring for its ‘well-being’—appears to have driven this strong engagement. Parents reported satisfaction with and acceptability of the toy. CONCLUSIONS This is the first known study investigation of the use of object-enabled intervention delivery to support emotion regulation in-situ. The strong engagement and qualitative indications of effects are promising – children were able to use the prototype without any training and incorporated it into their emotion regulation practices during daily challenges. Future work is needed to extend this indicative data with efficacy studies examining the psychological efficacy of the proposed intervention. More broadly, our findings suggest the potential of a technology-enabled shift in how prevention interventions are designed and delivered: empowering children and parents through ‘child-led, situated interventions’, where participants learn through actionable support directly within family life, as opposed to didactic in-person workshops and a subsequent skills application.

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