scholarly journals Assessment of negative infrastructural externalities when determining the land value

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 154-170
Author(s):  
Elena Bykova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Land Value ◽  
New Institutional Theory ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Individual Market ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The work forms and substantiates the concept of land value, based on a new institutional theory. The infrastructural component of the cost of land in the presented concept determines, on the one hand, the efficiency of the use of natural resources, properties, demand for land on the market, on the other hand, the costs, which are determined not only by capital investments in construction of engineering infrastructure, but also by losses associated with restrictions on activities within zones with special conditions for territory use, creation of unfavorable conditions for economic activity, small contours, irregularities and others on a specific land plot, which are external negative infrastructural externalities that create losses of rights holders of land plots that are not compensated by the market, falling within the boundaries of these zones. Methods for assessing the impact of such negative infrastructural externalities on the cost of land encumbered by zones in different conditions of land market activity have been developed and tested, based on an expert-analytical approach (depressed market); the ratio of market values of land plots encumbered and unencumbered by a specific zone, and qualimetric modeling (inactive market); modeling by introducing into the model the factor of presence of zones with special conditions for territory use, based on the grouping of zones according to similar regulations for use, or by introducing the parameters of this factor (active market). Methods for taking into account spatial deficiencies and compensating for restrictions and prohibitions on activities on the territory of land plots with an individual market assessment are proposed.

Assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax spending towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of advanced development territory

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Mikhailovna Popova ◽  
Guzel Mukhtarovna Guseinova ◽  
Sergei Borisovich Milov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Advanced Development

The deficit of subnational budgets and deceleration capital investments in multiple Russian regions increase the relevance of research aimed at improvement of tax incentivizing practice of the regional investment process. The studies focused on determination of the impact of socioeconomic and institutional factors upon the efficiency of investment tax expenses obtained wide circulation within the foreign scientific literature. The subject of this article is the assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax expanses towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of territories of advanced socioeconomic development, created in the subjects of Far Easter Federal District. The scientific novelty and practical values of this research consists in substantiation of the reasonableness of assessment of investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity that are stimulated by tax incentives. Methodology for assessing investment attractiveness is proposed and tested. The conclusion is made that in case of low investment attractiveness of the type of economic activity, which was planned to support by tax incentives, it is required to conduct and additional analysis to avoid unjustified tax expanses.

scholarly journals УЧЕТНАЯ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩАЯ ФИНАНСОВЫХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ПИТАНИЯ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kazhmukhametova ◽  
G. Tussibayeva ◽  
B. Akimova ◽  
А.А. Кажмухаметова ◽  
Г.С. Тусибаева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disclosure Of Information ◽  
New Type ◽  
Public Catering ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

Properly organized operational and accounting records are essential for controlling the formation of financial results. The article reveals a feature of the economic activity of public catering enterprises, which determines the features of accounting. On the one hand, it is intended to reflect the processes of production (cooking), and on the other - the processes of trade (sales). The costs associated with the sale of products and promotion of products on the market, both industrial and commercial enterprises are defined as the cost of circulation. The paper focuses on the classification and accounting of income and expenses in the field of nutrition. Attention is paid to a relatively new type of service as catering, which has been gaining momentum in recent years. The issue of synthetic and analytical accounting of financial results and disclosure of information in financial statements is discussed. Based on the results of the study, the authors recommended reasonable measures to increase profitability and improve accounting for financial results. Важное значение в контроле за формированием финансовых результатов имеет правильно организованный на предприятии их оперативный и бухгалтерский учет. В статье раскрыта особенность хозяйственной деятельности предприятий общественного питания, которая определяет особенности ведения бухгалтерского учета. С одной стороны, он призван отражать процессы производства (приготовление пищи), а с другой - процессы торговли (реализации). Расходы, связанные с реализацией продукции и продвижением на рынке произведенной продукции, и у промышленных, и у торговых предприятий определяют как издержки обращения. В работе акцентировано внимание на классификации, учете доходов и расходов в сфере питания. Уделено внимание сравнительно новому вид услуг как кейтеринг, который в последние годы набирает обороты. Обсужден вопрос синтетического и аналитического учета финансовых результатов, раскрытия информации в финансовй отчетности. По результатам исследования авторами рекомендованы обоснованные мероприятия по повышению доходност и совершенствованию учета финансовых результатов.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Fuzzy Group Multi-Criteria Assessment of Structural Solutions of the Symmetric Frame Alternatives

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenonas Turskis ◽  
Kęstutis Urbonas ◽  
Alfonsas Daniūnas
Keyword(s):  
Steel Beams ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Primary Test ◽  
The One ◽  
Rc Frame Structures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structural Solutions

Structural designers that design buildings use different criteria to select the frames’ materiality and structural solutions. Very often, the primary test is the cost of construction. Sometimes, solutions are determined by the terms of structure, architectural preferences, technological needs, fire safety requirements, environmental conditions, exploitation costs over the life of the building, ecological aspects, and experience, etc. This paper proposes an approach for analyzing the structural elements of buildings taking into account the impact on the environment using jointly incorporating subjective and objective aspects. The objective to combine the most important criteria into a single unit and carry out the overall assessment could be done by giving each variable a weighted value and perform a so-called multi-criteria analysis. This article shows the efficiency of the structural solution of the one-story building. The case study presents an investigation and comparison of five possible symmetrical structural solutions by multi-criteria assessment methods: The analysis of three steel frameworks differs majorly due to the beam-column characteristics, as well as precast RC frame structures case and combined steel beams and RC columns frame option. Possible solutions must meet all the essential requirements of the building, including mechanical resistance and stability. The obtained results show a broad assessment of the structural solutions of the building.

The impact of age on innovation

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Human Resource Department ◽  
Age Diversity ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – This paper aims to develop a model of individual innovation based on an employee’s innate propensity to innovate and the specific costs and benefits expected to the individual from the innovation. This model is then used to study the way an employees’ age will impact innovation. Design/methodology/approach – This paper proposes variables which drive an individual’s innovative behavior based on a literature review. This theoretical model is then maximized to show how age drives an employees’ innovation output in three ways. A small survey is used to substantiate the theory. Findings – In this model, the age of the employee becomes an important independent variable with negative elements associated with both the cost and benefit the employee will receive from their innovation efforts. However, age will be positively associated with an employee’s ability to implement and capitalize on their innovation. Practical implications – Firm’s must pay attention to the career life cycle of their employees. The human resource department must take on the task of focusing on delivering the programs needed to support older employees’ particular needs relative to producing innovation. Social implications – As the Western workforce ages, considerations for dealing with older workers and age diversity will become more important. Models such as the one developed in this paper will be important for understanding and managing the changing workforce. Originality/value – This model develops a theory of how age can impact an employee’s innovation in three specific ways that have not previously been addressed in the literature. This model also proposes an explanation for surprising results found in several prior studies.

The making of an imperial slum: Nyasaland and its railways, 1895–1935

1975 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leroy Vail
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Railway System ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Major Project

This paper is meant to be a contribution towards assessing the impact of the colonial experience upon Nyasaland, concentrating upon the decision-making processes involved in building the railways that served Nyasaland and the impact that they had upon Nyasaland's economy. In the early 1890s British metropolitan interests became alive to the strategic and commercial importance of Portuguese East Africa south of the Zambezi. To further British interests in the area, imperial decisions were taken to protect the British proxy there, the Mozambique Company. This protection included support for the Trans Zambesia Railway project. This support was calculated to protect British interests from American commercial threats, but the cost of the railway was placed upon the Nyasaland administration. Lumbered with the burden of the railway guarantees, Nyasaland's economy stagnated in the 1920s and African agricultural development was impeded. As a result, by the end of the twenties Nyasaland was being described as ‘the Cinderella of Africa’.In the late 1920s a second major project was approved. This was the construction of the Zambezi bridge. Again, the decision to build this was not taken with the interests of Nyasaland in mind, but rather in order to provide steel orders for a stagnating British steel industry in 1929. The one possible moneymaker for the bridge and railway system, coal from Moatize, was prevented from being developed lest it compete with Welsh coal. And when the decision to build the bridge was made, it was decided that Nyasaland should pay.

scholarly journals Serres National Cadaster: An Intestate Succession Preliminary Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-191
Author(s):  
Athanasios L. Athanasenas ◽  
Xanthippi Chapsa ◽  
Persefoni Polychronidou
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Land Value ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Market Values ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
The Right

Abstract In the famous “anti-Commons” theory, resources are underused when multiple owners are endowed with the right to exclude other potential users, in contrast to the “Commons” theory that identifies resource over-exploitation. In this crucial preliminary study, “Intestate Succession” (i.e. “Succession without Will”) is under investigation, thus evaluating whether the number of land cotenants (heirs, in “Intestate Succession”) affects significantly (or not) land market values, by taking into account certain significant economic variables, representing the whole population official and primary data, officially available from the municipal Serres Farmlands. Applying advanced GLM, we perform ANCOVA analysis, considering as dependent variable the market land value. We find that, controlling for the objective land value (IRS land value), location, irrigation, farmer identity, and land segmentation-fragmentation all affect significantly the market land value variable. Significantly, the number of heirs does not seem to be a significant factor yet in the context of the “anti-Commons” theory.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF THE LAND MARKET FORMATION AND THE ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nemchenko ◽  
H. Nemchenko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Economies In Transition ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Market Formation ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

The issues of formation of the land market and the role of the state in its regulation have been studied in the article. The great importance of the agrarian business (APC)’s reforming is placed on the landmarket. Its formation was carried out in all countries with economies in transition (CEIT). The necessity of amoratorium on land purchase and sale in present-day conditions in Ukraine has been proved. For Ukraine,the topicality of the solution of this problem lies in the fact that the country, on the one hand, has huge potential in food production, and, on the other hand, the theoretical and practical measures on the formation of theland market and the economic assessment of natural resources have not been fully developed yet. The aimof the research is to come to know the special aspects of the formation of the land market and factors thatstop its development, and the development of a concept for the assessment of natural resources, includingland ones. The concept of economic evaluation of natural resources, including land, has been developed.The authors believe that the assessment of natural resources should be determined by the cost of their reproduction. The faster the exhaustion of natural resources will occur, the more intense there should bechanges in the structure of the country's economy.

scholarly journals How Costly Are Smokers to Other People? Longitudinal Evidence on the Near Elderly

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Picone ◽  
Frank Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Nursing Home Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Longitudinal Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retirement Study

Many studies have estimated the cost of smoking. In recent years, such estimates have been widely used in litigation against the tobacco companies. Both longitudinal and cross-sectional methods have been used. On balance, the longitudinal approach, the one used in this study, is much preferable since one can account for the effects of smoking on the pool of eligibles rather than just conditioning expenditures on being eligible. We used data from four waves of the Health and Retirement Study to assess the impact of smoking on use of hospital and physicians’ services and nursing home care. The analysis was limited to utilization among persons aged 51 to 67 (“near elderly” ). During this phase of the life cycle, many adverse effects of smoking, measured in terms of mortality and morbidity,

scholarly journals Application of Spatial Auto-Regressive Model for Determining Urban Land Market

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Shohel Reza Amin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Land Value ◽  
Spatial Autoregression ◽  
Land Prices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Auto Regression ◽  
Flood Flow

Rapid conversion of agricultural, flood flow and sub-flood flow lands into urban uses at the periphery of Dhaka city increases the demand for developing useful supply, demand, and pricing models. Nevertheless, pricing land offers a challenging task. During high economic growth time, the conventional belief was that land values should soar with increasing demand and decreasing vacancies. Conversely, accurate anticipation of these values is problematic since spatial factors are often influential ones along with other characteristics of land. Moreover, land represents not only a bundle of physical characteristics but also sets of location-specific, transport, urban amenity, socio-economic and environmental characteristics. The extent of such characteristics on land market can be estimated by applying Spatial Autoregression model. The objective of this paper is to carry out an empirical analysis to examine the effects of different land characteristics on land prices in Savar municipality by using Spatial Auto-Regression (SAR) model. In particular, spatial econometric procedures (spatial autocorrelation) and spatial auto-regression analysis are applied to determine spatial dependence among the land value of plots and to evaluate the impact of land characteristics on land prices in the land market of Savar municipality respectively. The findings of this paper reveal that transport attributes have most significiant relationship with the land value and other explanatory variables like municipal amenities, physical characteristics of the plot, employment attraction, and commercial services are also influential factors of land price.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbip.v2i0.9571Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners Vol. 2, December 2009, pp. 107-115

The Moderating Effect of Fuel Prices on the Market Value of Fuel Economy, Driving Intensity, and CO2 Emissions

Marketing ZFP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-66
Author(s):  
Vlada Pleshcheva ◽  
Daniel Klapper
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Hedonic Price ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we explore co-movements of the vehicle price sensitivity to fuel economy with changes in fuel prices. Previous literature has investigated the responsiveness of vehicle prices to fuel prices or fuel economy. We are interested in the interaction effect of fuel prices and fuel economy and answer the question of how exactly the market value of fuel economy depends on the fuel price. By looking at the role of fuel prices as a moderator for the market value of fuel economy, we are able to differentiate between consumers’ valuation of fuel economy versus their reaction to changes in fuel prices. We apply a hedonic price model to the German automobile market by using data on detailed technical specifications of high-sales vehicles of three consecutive model years. In contrast to previous research, where the marginal benefits of driving a car with a particular fuel economy remained constant, we allow it to vary with fuel prices. It enables us to investigate two sources of changes in the market value for fuel economy. The first source, as in the previous studies, corresponds to changes in the budget for driving a car, whereas the second source reflects changes in the capital investments in a better fuel economy. The total effect of these two sources may lead to either a decrease or an increase in the vehicle distance traveled. We study the differences in the impact of fuel prices for various car makes of both diesel and gasoline engines. Our results suggest that there are substantial differences in the market values of fuel economy between diesel and gasoline vehicles and their responsiveness to changes in fuel prices. Diesel cars are characterized by the more elastic price gradient of fuel economy to fuel prices compared to gasoline cars. The revealed high responsiveness of the market value of fuel economy to fuel prices results in an optimal annual driving intensity that is an increasing function of fuel prices. It implies that, during the period of investigation, the marginal benefit of driving a car of a specific fuel economy was higher than the corresponding fuel price effect on the budget for driving. Using the quantified impact of fuel prices on the market value of fuel economy, we also assess the implied changes in the kilometers driven with cars and the resulting CO2 emissions. The current study presents an empirical application of statistical analysis to a topic of interest to readers in the areas of quantitative economics and economic policy.

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